Tucatinib

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Tucatinib
Names
Pronunciationtoo-KA-tih-nib
Trade namesTukysa
Other namesONT-380, ARRY-380
Clinical data
Drug classTyrosine kinase inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)[1][2]
Main usesHER2-positive breast cancer[3]
Side effectsDiarrhea, nausea, tiredness, inflammation of the mouth, liver problems, rash[3]
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
use		By mouth
Typical dose300 mg BID[3]
External links
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa620032
Legal
License data
Legal status
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC26H24N8O2
Molar mass480.532 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC1=C(C=CC(=C1)NC2=NC=NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)NC4=NC(CO4)(C)C)OC5=CC6=NC=NN6C=C5
  • InChI=1S/C26H24N8O2/c1-16-10-17(5-7-22(16)36-19-8-9-34-23(12-19)28-15-30-34)31-24-20-11-18(4-6-21(20)27-14-29-24)32-25-33-26(2,3)13-35-25/h4-12,14-15H,13H2,1-3H3,(H,32,33)(H,27,29,31)
  • Key:SDEAXTCZPQIFQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Tucatinib, sold under the brand name Tukysa, a medication used to treat HER2-positive breast cancer.[3] Specifically it is used in cases which are localized but advanced or which have spread to other parts of the body.[3] It is used together with capecitabine and trastuzumab when other treatments have not worked.[3] It is taken by mouth.[3]

Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, tiredness, inflammation of the mouth, liver problems, and rash.[3] A rash that may occur is known as palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia.[1] Use during pregnancy may harm the baby.[2] It is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2).[1][2]

Tucatinib was approved for medical use in the United States and Australia in 2020,[1][2] and in Europe in 2021.[3] In the United States it costs about 21,000 USD per month as of 2021.[5]

Medical uses

Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor used in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine for the treatment of adults with advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer, including those with brain metastases, who have received one or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting.[4]

In the European Union, it is indicated in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine for the treatment of adults with HER2‑positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have received at least two prior anti‑HER2 treatment regimens.[3]

Dosage

The typical dose is 300 mg twice per day.[3]

Mechanism of action

Mechanism of action of HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor[6]

In terms of the mode of action we find that Tucatinib works by blocking the HER2 protein, this in turn slows or stops cancer cell growth in individuals with breast cancer[6]

History

It was developed by Array BioPharma and licensed to Cascadian Therapeutics (formerly Oncothyreon, subsequently part of Seattle Genetics).[7]

In April 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved tucatinib in combination with chemotherapy (trastuzumab and capecitabine) for the treatment of adults with advanced forms of HER2-positive breast cancer that can't be removed with surgery, or has spread to other parts of the body, including the brain, and who have received one or more prior treatments.[8][9][10]

The FDA collaborated with the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Health Canada, Health Sciences Authority (HSA, Singapore) and Swissmedic (SMC, Switzerland) on the review.[8] This was the first Project Orbis partnership between the FDA, HSA and Swissmedic.[8] As of 17 April 2020, the application is still under review at the other agencies.[8]

Tucatinib is a kinase inhibitor meaning it blocks a type of enzyme (kinase) and helps prevent the cancer cells from growing.[8] Tucatinib is approved for treatment after adults have taken one or more anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting.[8] The FDA approved tucatinib based on the results of the HER2CLIMB trial (NCT02614794) enrolling 612 subjects who had HER2-positive advanced unresectable or metastatic breast cancer and had prior treatment with trastuzumab, pertuzumab and ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1).[8][9] Subjects with previously treated and stable brain metastases, as well as those with previously treated and growing or untreated brain metastases, were eligible for the clinical trial, and 48% of enrolled subjects had brain metastases at the start of the trial.[8]

Subjects received either tucatinib 300 mg twice daily plus trastuzumab and capecitabine (tucatinib arm, n=410) or placebo plus trastuzumab and capecitabine (control arm, n=202).[9] The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), or the amount of time when there was no growth of the tumor, assessed by a blinded independent central review, evaluated in the initial 480 randomized patients.[8][9] The median PFS in subjects who received tucatinib, trastuzumab, and capecitabine was 7.8 months (95% CI: 7.5, 9.6) compared to 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.2, 7.1) in those subjects who received placebo, trastuzumab, and capecitabine (HR 0.54; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.71; p<0.00001).[8][9] Overall survival and PFS in subjects with brain metastases at baseline were key secondary endpoints.[8] The median overall survival in subjects who received tucatinib, trastuzumab, and capecitabine was 21.9 months (95% CI: 18.3, 31.0) compared to 17.4 months (95% CI: 13.6, 19.9) in subjects who received placebo, trastuzumab, and capecitabine (HR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.87; p=0.00480).[8][9] The median PFS in subjects with brain metastases at baseline who received tucatinib, trastuzumab and capecitabine was 7.6 months (95% CI: 6.2, 9.5) compared to 5.4 months (95% CI: 4.1, 5.7) in subjects who received placebo, trastuzumab and capecitabine (HR: 0.48; 0.34, 0.69; p<0.00001).[8][9]

The FDA granted the application for tucatinib priority review, breakthrough therapy, fast track, and orphan drug designations.[8][9][11] The FDA granted approval of Tukysa to Seattle Genetics, Inc.[8]

Society and culture

Economics

Tucatinib was denied entry into the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme in March 2021, as "the incremental cost effectiveness ratio was unacceptably high at the proposed price".[12]

Legal status

Tucatinib was approved for medical use in the United States in April 2020.[8][9][13]

Tucatinib was approved for medical use in Australia in August 2020.[2]

On 10 December 2020, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product Tukysa, intended for the treatment of HER2-positive locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.[14] The applicant for this medicinal product is Seagen B.V.[14] Tucatinib was approved for medical use in the European Union in February 2021.[3]

Names

Tucatinib is the International nonproprietary name.[15]

Research

Two early stage clinical trials have reported encouraging results, both of which had options to enroll subjects with central nervous system (CNS) metastases.[16][17][18][19][20] HER2CLIMB is a Phase 2 randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of tucatinib in combination with trastuzumab and capecitabine in patients with pretreated, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.[21]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Tucatinib Monograph for Professionals". Drugs.com. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Tukysa". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 21 August 2020. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 "Tukysa EPAR". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 9 December 2020. Archived from the original on 22 March 2021. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Tukysa- tucatinib tablet". DailyMed. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  5. ↑ "Tukysa Prices, Coupons & Patient Assistance Programs". Drugs.com. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Schlam, Ilana; Swain, Sandra M. (20 May 2021). "HER2-positive breast cancer and tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the time is now". npj Breast Cancer. 7 (1): 1–12. doi:10.1038/s41523-021-00265-1. ISSN 2374-4677.
  7. ↑ "Tucatinib" (PDF). Statement on a Nonproprietary Name Adopted by the USAN Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 "FDA Approves First New Drug Under International Collaboration, A Treatment Option for Patients with HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Press release). 17 April 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 "FDA approves tucatinib for patients with HER2-positive metastatic brea". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 17 April 2020. Archived from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  10. ↑ "Tukysa: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  11. ↑ "Tucatinib Orphan Drug Designation and Approval". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 24 December 1999. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  12. ↑ "Recommendations made by the PBAC – March 2021" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Health. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  13. ↑ "Drug Approval Package: Tukysa". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 18 May 2020. Archived from the original on 28 January 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2021.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Tukysa: Pending EC decision". European Medicines Agency (EMA). 10 December 2020. Archived from the original on 12 December 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020. Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.
  15. ↑ World Health Organization (2016). "International nonproprietary names for pharmaceutical substances (INN): recommended INN: list 75". WHO Drug Information. 30 (1): 161. hdl:10665/331046.
  16. ↑ "ONT-380 Active Against CNS Mets in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer". Cancer Network. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  17. ↑ "Oncothyreon Inc. Announces Data For ONT-380 In HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients With And Without Brain Metastases At The San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium". BioSpace (Press release). 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  18. ↑ "SABCS15: Promising phase 1 results lead to phase 2 for ONT-380 in HER2+ breast cancer". Colorado Cancer Blogs. 9 December 2015. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
  19. ↑ "A Study of Tucatinib (ONT-380) Combined With Capecitabine and/or Trastuzumab in Patients With HER2+ Metastatic Breast Cancer". ClinicalTrials.gov. 31 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  20. ↑ Borges VF, Ferrario C, Aucoin N, Falkson CI, Khan QJ, Krop IE, et al. "Efficacy results of a phase 1b study of ONT-380, a CNS-penetrant TKI, in combination with T-DM1 in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC), including patients (pts) with brain metastases". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2016 ASCO Annual Meeting. Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  21. ↑ "A Study of Tucatinib vs. Placebo in Combination With Capecitabine & Trastuzumab in Patients With Advanced HER2+ Breast Cancer (HER2CLIMB)". ClinicalTrials.gov. Archived from the original on 30 April 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.

External links

External sites:
Identifiers:
  • "Tucatinib". NCI Drug Dictionary. National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 20 January 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  • "Tucatinib". NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. National Cancer Institute. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
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