Erythema marginatum
| Erythema marginatum | |
|---|---|
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| Erythema marginatum (individual with hereditary angioedema) | |
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| Specialty | Dermatology |
Erythema marginatum is a type of erythema (redness of the skin or mucous membranes) involving pink rings on the torso and inner surfaces of the limbs.[1] The lesions usually last for a few hours to a few days and may reappear over the subsequent weeks.[2]
An association with bradykinin has been proposed in the case of hereditary angioedema.[3]
Signs and symptoms
The rings are barely raised and are non-itchy. The face is generally spared.[citation needed]
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Associated conditions
It occurs in less than 5% of patients with rheumatic fever, but is considered a major Jones criterion when it does occur. The four other major criteria include carditis, polyarthritis, Sydenham's chorea, and subcutaneous nodules. In this case, it is often associated with Group A streptococcal infection, otherwise known as Streptococcus pyogenes infection, which can be detected with an ASO titer.[citation needed]
It is an early feature of rheumatic fever and not pathognomonic of it.[4] It may be associated with mild myocarditis (inflammation of heart muscle). It is also seen in conditions like allergic drug reactions, sepsis and glomerulonephritis.[4]
It often occurs as a harbinger of attacks in hereditary angioedema. In this case it may occur several hours or up to a day before an attack.[citation needed]
Diagnosis
Types
Some sources distinguish between the following:[citation needed]
- "Erythema marginatum rheumaticum"
- "Erythema marginatum perstans"
Treatment
Erythema marginatum can be treated with hydrocortisone and adrenocorticotropc hormone (ACTH).[5]
References
- ↑ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "14. Bacterial infections". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-18. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
- ↑ Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine (2022). "5. Figurate erythemas". Dermatology Essentials (2nd ed.). Elsevier. pp. 142–148. ISBN 978-0-323-70971-2.
- ↑ Starr JC, Brasher GW, Rao A, Posey D (October 2004). "Erythema marginatum and hereditary angioedema". South. Med. J. 97 (10): 948–50. doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000140850.22535.FA. PMID 15558919. S2CID 38676096.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Erythema Marginatum Pictorial CME" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-08-11. Retrieved 2021-05-30.
- ↑ Burke, J. B. (1955-08-01). "Erythema Marginatum". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 30 (152): 359–365. doi:10.1136/adc.30.152.359. ISSN 0003-9888. PMC 2011784. PMID 13249623.
External links
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