User:97198/DYK

Did you know:

... that Kenneth Willoughby Heaton developed the Bristol stool scale for classifying the consistency of human faeces?
... that health economist Selma Mushkin estimated in the early 1970s that up to 50 percent of poor children in Washington, D.C., were affected by lead poisoning?
... that British architect Diane Haigh transformed one historic building into an art gallery and another into a hospice?
... that Charles F. Barlow helped to fund his medical education with his magic act, The Great Barloni?
... that Robert Zollinger was a surgeon and an avid rose grower, serving as president of both the American Surgical Association and the American Rose Society?
... that Liz Shore's nomination to be Chief Medical Officer of the United Kingdom was vetoed by Margaret Thatcher because of her husband's political affiliation?
... that George Eisenbarth conducted twin studies showing that if one twin had type 1 diabetes, the other was also at risk of the disease?
... that endocrinologist Reginald Hall, who studied the thyroid gland and its diseases, received a heart transplant in 1984?
... that Alexander Marble, an expert in diabetes, was described as one of "the giant trees among the diabetes sequoias"?
... that Constance Fozzard was told during her surgical training that women with children could not become consultants?
... that the pediatrician Daniel C. Darrow "was tolerant of students, but they were rather terrified of him"?
... that Irene Desmet, a Liverpudlian paediatric surgeon, was described by one of her trainees as "an iron fist in a velvet glove"?
... that Clifford G. Grulee died while attending a dinner hosted by the American Academy of Pediatrics in his honor?
... that John Dique constructed the machine used by the first Australian patient to receive dialysis?
... that Roslyn Lindheim, who designed hospitals, was the first architect to be elected to the National Academy of Medicine?
... that Gian Franco Bottazzo and Deborah Doniach proved that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease?
... that John Caffey was the first to describe the condition now known as shaken baby syndrome?
... that Russell Strong pioneered multiple techniques for liver transplantation, including splitting a donor liver between multiple recipients?
... that Lillian Chase became interested in diabetes after meeting the first patient to receive insulin, and went on to become an expert in the disease?
... that Carl-Gustav Groth was the first surgeon in Sweden to perform pancreas, liver, and islet cell transplants?
... that Jerold F. Lucey introduced phototherapy to the United States as a treatment for jaundice in newborns?
... that Catherine Flanagan was arrested and jailed in 1917 for picketing the White House in support of women's suffrage?
... that Louis Weinstein, a pioneer in infectious disease treatment, funded his education by working as a jazz violinist?
... that Canadian paediatrician Gladys Boyd was one of the first physicians to treat diabetic children with insulin?
... that Robert M. Blizzard, who pioneered growth hormone therapy in children, liked to joke that he had added 11 miles (18 km) to the height of the U.S. population?
... that Stanley Shaldon upset manufacturers by reusing dialysis machines?
... that indigenous Australian artist Daniel Boyd has depicted colonial figures including Captain James Cook and Governor Arthur Phillip as pirates?
... that Mary Baines, credited as one of the founders of the palliative care movement, initially thought it "very odd, this idea of caring for the dying"?
... that Kitty Ponse successfully changed the sex of toads?
... that Bryan Donkin was a physician to Karl, Jenny, and Eleanor Marx?
... that Julián Podoba's research on iodine deficiency led to the introduction of iodised salt and the disappearance of cretinism in Slovakia?
... that American endocrinologist Jacob Robbins studied the effects of nuclear fallout in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and Chernobyl on the development of thyroid cancer?
... that Gabriella Morreale de Escobar established a national newborn-screening program for congenital hypothyroidism in Spain?
... that Lilly Dubowitz, co-developer of the Dubowitz Score, also introduced the use of cranial ultrasound to assess the brains of newborns at Hammersmith Hospital?
... that German politician and activist Marie Bernays joined a convent and converted to Catholicism in 1933 in response to the rise of Nazism?
... that Maria Paasche helped Jews and intellectuals escape Nazi Germany by taking them to Prague on her motorcycle?
... that Linda Liau has developed a personalized vaccine against brain cancer?
... that pediatrician Samuel Z. Levine was summoned by the White House in 1963 to treat President John F. Kennedy's premature baby son?
... that award-winning typeface designer Colin Brignall had no formal training in typography?
... that typeface designer Dick Dooijes's first solo design was a Hebrew alphabet, which he could not read?
... that Walsh McDermott won a Lasker Award for his research on isoniazid, an antibiotic that he had taken to treat his own case of tuberculosis?
... that Olivia Salamanca, one of the founding members of the Philippine Anti-Tuberculosis Society, died from the disease at the age of 24?
... that former naval diver Esther Tan has been dubbed "Singapore's G.I. Jane"?
... that Tetsu Yasui, who was raised by devout Buddhists, later converted to Christianity and served as president of Tokyo Woman's Christian University for 17 years?
... that Yoshi Kasuya was appointed to the Order of the Precious Crown for her contributions to women's education?
... that Esther Killick repeatedly "gassed herself for science" in order to study carbon monoxide poisoning and acclimatisation?
... that Barrie Marmion spearheaded the development of the first vaccine against Q fever?
... that Indian-American chef Raji Jallepalli, who is credited with "originating the fusion of classic French and Indian cuisines", originally trained as a microbiologist?
... that the 2018 teen drama Skate Kitchen was partly filmed with a camera mounted on a motorized skateboard deck traveling at speeds of up to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h)?
... that English diabetes specialist Harry Keen conducted a scientific study in which every adult in the town of Bedford was asked to provide a urine sample for testing?
... that structural biologist Erica Ollmann Saphire traveled to Africa to observe rodents in the field in order to study how viruses like Ebola are spread?
... that Pixar cinematographer Patrick Lin pioneered the use of a virtual lens based on an actual camera lens in Inside Out?
... that director Celia Rowlson-Hall cast herself as a modern version of the Virgin Mary in her first feature film?
... that pediatric oncologist Brigid Leventhal was one of only six women in her graduating class from Harvard Medical School in 1960?
... that Swiss pediatrician Heinrich Willi was among the first to recognise the potential of bone marrow aspiration as a diagnostic technique?
... that Joseph Dancis and his colleagues discovered the cause of maple syrup urine disease?
... that Philadelphia-based physician Charles Sajous, called the "father of American endocrinology", received the French Legion of Honour and the Venezuelan Order of the Liberator?
... that the gynaecologist Margaret Puxon, who started studying law to prevent boredom while on maternity leave, eventually became a barrister?
... that Yale University pediatrician Grover Powers gave liver extract as a nutritional supplement to children with celiac disease?
... that obstetrician James Scott showed that certain diseases in newborns were caused by their mothers' antibodies crossing the placenta?
... that John Howland established the United States' first full-time pediatric department at the Johns Hopkins Hospital?
... that Donald Balfour, who began working at the Mayo Clinic as a pathology assistant, later became the director of the Mayo Foundation?
... that Celso-Ramón García oversaw early clinical trials of the first contraceptive pill in Puerto Rico?
... that Johannes Fatio performed the first successful separation of conjoined twins in 1689?
... that John Soothill gave "boy in the bubble syndrome" its formal name, severe combined immunodeficiency?
... that Gavin Arneil is credited with the near-eradication of rickets in Glasgow?
... that paediatric surgeon Robert Zachary and his colleagues improved the survival rate of babies with spina bifida from 10% to 90% by operating within hours of birth?
... that Orvar Swenson performed the first successful surgery to treat Hirschsprung's disease, a birth defect which causes megacolon?
... that Mary Stuart Fisher, a Temple University professor of radiology who was named Physician of the Year in 1996, was discouraged from following her chosen career path by her father, a physician himself?
... that Mark M. Ravitch and Félicien M. Steichen introduced surgical staples, a time-saving replacement for suturing by hand, to American operating rooms?
... that Tom Oppé chaired the working party which produced a report for the British government in 1974 recommending that babies be fed with breast milk rather than formula?
... that Austrian-born Malcolm Mencer Martin was interned by the British at the beginning of World War II, and graduated from King's College, Newcastle, at war's end?
... that Andrew Cudworth popularised the classification of diabetes into type 1 and type 2?
... that Alexis Hartmann developed a new technique for testing blood sugar levels while he was still a medical student?
... that the biochemist Wilfrid Butt was among the first to extract follicle-stimulating hormone from cadavers rather than from urine?
... that a scientific paper by Thomas Wilkinson King about the thyroid gland fell into obscurity for nearly a century before being discussed by Sir Humphry Rolleston in a lecture in 1933?
... that, under the leadership of Mary Puckey, Sydney's Rachel Forster Hospital expanded from 12 to 120 beds?
... that Gwen Fleming, the first female major in the Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, was called "sir" by her colleagues during the Second World War?
... that Carys Bannister drove rally cars and exhibited corgis when not performing brain surgery?
... that Mollie McGeown set up the first dialysis unit in Northern Ireland?
... that Rosemary Biggs and her colleagues discovered the Christmas factor?
... that in the 1960s, child psychiatrist Mildred Creak proposed that autism was caused by genetics rather than poor parenting?
... that it took Salma Ismail, the first Malaysian Malay woman to qualify as a doctor, 11 years to complete her medical studies?
... that Diana Beck performed brain surgery on Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne?
... that the British paediatrician Tina Cooper assisted the Sierra Leone government in establishing a national immunisation programme?
... that Gillian Hanson was a world expert on treating the condition that ultimately killed her?
... that Elizabeth M. Bryan's wedding was attended by 25 sets of twins?
... that Jane Wynne taught her fellow paediatricians to identify signs of child abuse?
... that Olive Scott was Britain's first dedicated paediatric cardiologist?
... that the English neurologist Honor Smith was sent to Morocco by the WHO to investigate an outbreak of paralysis caused by contaminated cooking oil?
... that Judith Kingston pioneered the use of chemotherapy to treat retinoblastoma, an eye cancer found in children?
... that Jean Ginsburg established one of the first clinics in Britain for menopausal women?
... that Rebecca Thomas wrote and directed Electrick Children, a film with a budget of US$1 million, while she was still a university student?
... that Averil Mansfield, a former president of the British Medical Association, was Britain's first female professor of surgery?
... that Sheila Callender helped to establish the medical discipline of haematology?
... that Australian surgeon Helen Sexton came out of retirement to open a field hospital in France during World War I?
... that Selna Kaplan led the first clinical trials of artificial growth hormone in the United States?
... that Myron Prinzmetal gave his name to Prinzmetal's angina, a type of chest pain that occurs at rest?
... that Erich Mühe, the first surgeon to remove a gallbladder by laparoscopy, was initially mocked by his colleagues for performing "Mickey Mouse surgery"?
... that Christine Murrell was the first woman elected to the British General Medical Council, but died before she could take her seat?
... that Grant Liddle discovered Liddle's syndrome, a genetic cause of high blood pressure?
... that after the death of pediatric neurologist Bronson Crothers, Harvard Medical School established a professorship in his name?
... that Horace Hodes discovered the main function of vitamin D in his first year of medical school?
... that American pediatrician L. Emmett Holt Jr. received the Czechoslovak Order of the White Lion, the Finnish Mannerheim Cross, and the Order of the Star of Jordan?
... that Rustin McIntosh received the Croix de guerre for his service in World War I, and the John Howland Award for his contributions to pediatrics?
... that Helen Sandoz sometimes wrote editorials for the lesbian magazine The Ladder from the perspective of her cat?
... that Peter Bonsall-Boone and his partner personally appealed to the Australian Prime Minister to legalise same-sex marriage?
... that Wolf W. Zuelzer, who demonstrated that children could be cured of leukemia, died from the disease in old age?
... that Taufa Vakatale was the first indigenous Fijian woman to serve as a secondary school principal, to be elected as a cabinet minister, and to be president of her political party?
... that Margot Shiner, who fled Nazi Germany as a teenager, was instrumental in establishing the medical subspecialty of paediatric gastroenterology?
... that Linda Laubenstein was one of the first physicians in the United States to recognize the AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s?
... that Gordian Fulde, the director of one of the busiest emergency departments in Australia, was named Senior Australian of the Year in 2016?
... that Yves Bélanger had been working as a cinematographer for more than twenty years when he made his breakthrough with Dallas Buyers Club?
... that Gail G. Shapiro was the first democratically elected president of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology?
... that James Niehues, who paints ski resort trail maps, has been called "the Michelangelo of snow" and "Monet of the mountain"?
... that after Christian Hamburger oversaw her sex reassignment, Christine Jorgensen chose her new name in his honor?
... that the Australian teacher Lorna Hodgkinson was the first woman to receive a Doctorate of Education at Harvard University?
... that Constance Davey established the first "opportunity classes" for children with special educational needs in South Australia?
... that award-winning graphic novelist Miriam Katin only started creating comics at the age of 63?
... that botanist Dame Margaret Blackwood studied pine trees and maize, and had a species of fungus named after her?
... that The Imitation Game producer Nora Grossman persuaded Andrew Hodges to let her turn his book into a film even though she had no producing experience?
... that the filming of What Maisie Knew was complicated by its six-year-old star's early bedtime?
... that Ukrainian-American endocrinologist Ricka Sapiro Finkler began using the name Rita after Saint Vincent's Hospital offered her a job which they later retracted when they discovered she was a woman?
... that David A. Cooper diagnosed the first case of HIV in Australia?
... that Ora Mendelsohn Rosen and her colleagues achieved a scientific breakthrough by cloning the human insulin receptor gene?
... that Louise Stevens Bryant, a secretary for the Girl Scouts, also worked with the English sexologist Havelock Ellis?
... that Mel Eslyn began working on film sets when she was 14 years old?
... that Saul Levin is the first openly gay CEO of the American Psychiatric Association?
... that Else Seifert worked as an onboard photographer for Hamburg Süd on its shipping routes around Europe, Africa, and the Middle East in the 1930s?
... that women from Saint Kitts and Nevis seeking abortions often travel to other Caribbean countries to remain anonymous?
... that the romantic comedy film 5 to 7, about a young man who falls in love with a married woman, was inspired by a couple who had a "terribly civilized" open marriage?
... that the 2015 American film Digging for Fire was filmed from a two-and-a-half–page outline rather than a traditional screenplay?
... that Welsh television producer Lowri Williams changed her surname to the Welsh form, Gwilym?
... that Chloe Pirrie was named one of BAFTA's "Breakthrough Brits" in 2013?
... that the suffragette Elsie Howey once had nearly all of her teeth broken during force-feeding after undertaking a hunger strike in prison?
... that Elisabeth von Heyking's debut novel sold out within three weeks of its release?
... that NSA cryptanalyst Dorothy Blum was using the Fortran programming language three years before its public release in 1957?
... that Swedish writer Eva Alexanderson translated works by Umberto Eco, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Fyodor Dostoyevsky?
... that Klara Johanson was the first woman from her Swedish hometown to sit the upper secondary school final examinations?
... that Bertha Badt-Strauss was one of the first women in Prussia to receive a doctoral degree?
... that according to a former editor of The Observer, Nora Beloff "had one of the most distinguished careers any woman has had in British journalism"?
... that Matthew N. Levy has been referred to as "the father of neurocardiology"?
... that medical geneticist Meena Upadhyaya has developed tests to diagnose more than 20 genetic diseases?
... that Rhian Edwards' debut book of poetry was named the Wales Book of the Year?
... that Dame Lesley Fallowfield was the UK's first professor of psycho-oncology?
... that in 1932 Margareta Suber wrote Sweden's first lesbian novel?
... that Daisy Rossi gave up her painting career after her studio was destroyed by fire?
... that Cicely Corbett Fisher co-founded a society for women's suffrage when she was fifteen years old?
... that Maud McLure Kelly, the first woman to practice law in Alabama, was also the first Southern woman admitted to the bar of the United States Supreme Court?
... that free love activist Helga Goetze advertised her cause with the slogan "Fucking is peace"?
... that when Sarah Platt-Decker died, she was described as "Colorado's foremost woman citizen"?
... that Edith Houghton Hooker claimed that women's suffrage would improve water quality and reduce disease?
... that Elisabeth Abegg, a teacher who provided shelter to Jews during the Holocaust, also tutored Jewish children at her home?
... that physiotherapist Janet Carr specialised in rehabilitation after stroke?
... that gastroenterologist Sara Murray Jordan co-wrote a cookbook titled Good Food for Bad Stomachs?
... that Ruth Schmidt, an employee of the United States Geological Survey, was questioned in two McCarthyist hearings because of her association with a bookstore?
... that Anne Beloff-Chain founded the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Buckingham?
... that Japanese physicist Toshiko Yuasa studied in Paris under Frédéric Joliot-Curie and developed her own beta-ray spectrometer in Berlin?
... that Andrea Ablasser discovered a molecule that warns nearby cells when it encounters a pathogen?
... that Yueh-Lin Loo invented nanotransfer printing, a technique that allows electrical circuits to be printed onto plastic surfaces?
... that German astrophysicist Hanna von Hoerner designed the cosmic dust analyser onboard Rosetta?
... that Patricia Numann founded the Association of Women Surgeons, chaired the American Board of Surgery, and was president of the American College of Surgeons?
... that Tsuruko Haraguchi, the first Japanese woman to receive a PhD, helped establish an experimental psychology laboratory at Japan Women's University?
... that biologist Kono Yasui was only allowed to study outside of Japan if she listed "home economics research" alongside "scientific research" on her application and agreed not to marry?
... that the architects Elizabeth and H. T. Cadbury-Brown worked together on designs for the Royal Academy of Arts and the Royal College of Art?
... that neuroscientist Kay Tye has used light to identify connections in the brain that are linked to anxiety?
... that Michiyo Tsujimura's discovery of vitamin C in green tea contributed to an increase in tea exports to America?
... that theoretical physicist Mariangela Lisanti was named on MIT Technology Review's TR35 list of innovators when she was 18 years old?
... that the Japanese chemist Chika Kuroda helped to create an antihypertensive drug from an onion skin?
... that the glaciologist Moira Dunbar is the only female recipient of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society's Massey Medal?
... that Agathe L. van Beverwijk left her research role at the Amsterdam Cancer Institute because she refused to experiment on animals?
... that architect Judith Ledeboer studied at Cambridge but designed buildings for Oxford?
... that Sydney architect Eleanor Cullis-Hill practiced from her home since she felt that women were unwelcome in large architectural offices?
... that although Monica Pidgeon's father persuaded her not to study architecture, she went on to edit Architectural Design for almost three decades?
... that Teresa Borsuk's interest in architecture was sparked partly by Lego?
... that the 2012 drama film Smashed was partly funded by Minnesota Vikings owner Zygi Wilf?
... that architect Eva Vecsei has designed projects in Hungary, Canada and Pakistan?
... that the London-based architect Rosemary Stjernstedt was the first woman to reach senior grade I status in a British council county division?
... that the romantic comedy film Obvious Child was praised for its portrayal of abortion?
... that the cathedral architect Corinne Bennett's interest in stone came from her father, a geology professor?
... that Kate Macintosh designed a social housing complex in London that was described as "one of the most remarkable housing developments in the country"?
... that Richard Nixon lived in two houses designed by Eleanore Pettersen?
... that Deborah Saunt was cited as one of "London's top architects" in 2012?
... that the "Dragon Lady" complained that American Architects ran a "gentleman's club"?
... that Gertrude Leverkus was the only woman among 500 men to sit her final exams in architecture at University College London in 1919?
... that architect Sigrid Lorenzen Rupp said she campaigned for women's issues "simply because I did not want there to be any"?
... that Black Swan writer Mark Heyman has written a thriller film about a Facebook relationship?
... that film producer Elisabeth Holm used to work at Kickstarter, helping other filmmakers to fund their projects?
... that cinematographer Eric Steelberg has shot five films for director Jason Reitman, including the Oscar-nominated Juno and Up in the Air?
... that Stephanie Langhoff, who has produced numerous films made by brothers Jay and Mark Duplass, has been referred to as "the honorary Duplass sister"?
... that Adventures in Stationery was described by one reviewer as "high-class pornography for the stationery enthusiast"?
... that Sophia Lin was selected by TheWrap in 2012 as one of "10 Producers Who Will Change Hollywood"?
... that Nina Yang Bongiovi is the production partner of actor Forest Whitaker?
... that Sakaye Shigekawa estimated that she delivered between 20,000 and 30,000 babies in her career as an obstetrician?
... that according to Gerda Lerner, Holocaust victim Käthe Leichter "personifies the highest ideals of feminism"?
... that Enough Said is dedicated to James Gandolfini, who starred in the film but died before it was released?
... that German architect Paul Schneider-Esleben's design of Cologne Bonn Airport was emulated by numerous other airports around the world?
... that although Mathilde Wurm's death was ruled a suicide, some believed she was killed by the Gestapo?
... that Sian Heder had written the screenplay for Tallulah by 2006, but the film only began shooting this June?
... that Lucien von Römer wrote in 1908 that homosexuality was innate, a view described by others as being "in conflict with morality and offensive to others"?
... that Die Freundschaft (Friendship), founded in 1919, was the world's first gay publication to be sold openly at newsstands?
... that in a rectovestibular fistula, the vulval vestibule of the female genitalia is connected to the rectum?
... that Gayby Baby is a documentary film about "gaybies", children raised by gay or lesbian couples?
... that German politician Adele Schreiber-Krieger advocated extensively for the rights of mothers and children, but never had children herself?
... that Laura Forster was the first Australian woman doctor to volunteer her services as a medic in Belgium during World War I?
... that German poet and pacifist Clementine Krämer attempted to flee Nazi Germany to the U.S., Denmark, China, and Cuba before being sent to the concentration camp where she died?
... that Hedwig Kettler founded the first girls' gymnasium in Germany?
... that Ian Jacobs developed a test for early-stage ovarian cancer?
... that Heinrich Jost, who was trained by typeface designer Paul Renner, later oversaw Renner's work at the Bauer Type Foundry?
... that after Hitler assumed power, Vera Lachmann founded a school for Jewish children expelled from German public schools?
... that Rosina Heikel was the first woman from the Nordic countries to become a physician?
... that the concentration camp survivor Ilse Blumenthal-Weiss wrote many poems about the Holocaust and its victims, which included her husband and son?
... that Annakarin Svedberg wrote a pornographic parody of Little Red Riding Hood?
... that Elvira Dolinar is regarded as the first Slovenian feminist?
... that Finnish writer Solveig von Schoultz published fifteen collections of poetry over more than fifty years?
... that American physician Cora Smith Eaton was the first woman to summit the East Peak of Mount Olympus, and eventually climbed all six of Washington's major mountains?
... that during World War II, Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein made "one of the greatest achievements in the history of U.S. codebreaking"?
... that Sarah Marquis walked for three years across Asia and Australia, covering a distance of 20,000 kilometres (12,000 mi)?
... that the directors of Quinceañera shot the film in their neighbors' houses and cast their cleaning lady in a role?
... that Pippa Cross was inspired to enter the film and television industry after helping organise a BAFTA Awards ceremony?
... that Constance Ellis was the first woman to receive a medical degree from the University of Melbourne?
... that Margaret Allen was the first woman to perform a heart transplant?
... that Dope is cinematographer Rachel Morrison's seventh film to screen at the Sundance Film Festival in six consecutive years?
... that Eliza Ann Grier, an emancipated slave, was the first African-American woman licensed to practice medicine in the state of Georgia?
... that Elvy Kalep, Estonia's first female aviator, was a friend of Amelia Earhart?
... that film producer Lisa Bruce began working on The Theory of Everything in 2009, but it was only released in 2015?
... that the cinematographer John Guleserian was hired to shoot the 2015 sex comedy The Overnight after his wife introduced him to the film's director?
... that Eleanor Winthrop Young was the first president of the Pinnacle Club, an association for women interested in "the climbing art"?
... that immunologist Mary Loveless collected and prepared some 30,000 insects to use for her research into insect venom allergies?
... that Belgian cinematographer Benoît Debie spent ten years working in television before shooting his first feature film?
... that Teddy Schwarzman beat out thirty other film producers to acquire the screenplay for The Imitation Game?
... that John Gilroy has edited films for his father and both of his brothers?
... that film editor Melanie Oliver began her career under the tutelage of director Jane Campion?
... that French cinematographer Eric Gautier has been nominated for six César Awards over ten years, winning one?
... that cinematographer Adam Arkapaw's work on True Detective included a single-take shot that took months to plan and a day and a half to execute?
... that for the Orphan Black episode "Instinct", the show's own writing offices were used as a filming location?
... that Bruna Papandrea co-founded a film production company with actress Reese Witherspoon?
... that film producer Anne Rosellini wrote her first screenplay because "I didn't have the money to hire a writer, so I just decided to do it myself"?
... that Masanobu Takayanagi was inspired to move to the U.S. and become a cinematographer after seeing a book about the subject in a Japanese bookstore?
... that screenwriter Lucy Alibar raised money through online crowdfunding so she could afford to attend her film's screening at the Cannes Film Festival?
.. that Hans Rosenfeldt‍—‌creator of the Scandinavian crime series The Bridge, which has spawned two international adaptations‍—‌briefly worked as a sea lion trainer?
... that Josef Knubel first climbed the Matterhorn as a fifteen-year-old?
... that the 2000 film Girlfight marked the debut of Michelle Rodriguez, who had never had a speaking role before but was called "extraordinarily gifted"?
... that the 2011 film Like Crazy was filmed without a conventional screenplay, with almost all of the dialogue improvised by the actors?
... that Aaron Guzikowski's first film, Prisoners, was released almost six years after he completed the script?
... that Elsie Dalyell was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire after travelling across Europe with the Royal Army Medical Corps to provide aid during World War I?
... that Big Girls Don't Cry is a nonfiction book that argues that "the women's liberation movement found thrilling new life" as a result of the 2008 U.S. presidential election?
... that Australian physician Claudia Burton Bradley was one of the first diabetics to be treated with insulin?
... that Grace Boelke, a physician, was employed by the lingerie manufacturer Berlei to ensure their garments were anatomically correct?
... that Swiss feminist Meta von Salis was horrified when someone suggested she marry her friend Friedrich Nietzsche?
... that Romeyn Beck Hough's American Woods is a set of over 1,000 paper-thin wood slices collected from 354 different tree species?
... that the upcoming film Freeheld is based on the true story of a police officer's battle to transfer her pension to her domestic partner?
... that after moving to Los Angeles with her data discovery business, Melisa Wallack started "meeting a lot of writers" and decided to become a screenwriter herself?
... that Gertrude Melville was nicknamed the "grand old lady of the Labor Party" despite serving only one term in parliament?
... that Francis Henry Medcalf was Mayor of Toronto for five years – spread over a twelve-year period?
... that William W. Naismith founded the Scottish Mountaineering Club and invented a rule for estimating how long it will take to walk a given route?
... that the National Council of Women of Australia made Margaret Windeyer an honorary life president in 1918, though she had never been a member of the council's executive board?
... that Johann Konrad Kern was a major author of Switzerland's first federal constitution in 1848?
... that Margaret McLean was president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union of Victoria for almost a decade, and was appointed an honorary vice-president after her retirement?
... that Jean Gordon, the first woman elected to the Yukon Territorial Council, said she decided to run because "I couldn't keep my mouth shut"?
... that an abnormal basal metabolic rate can be caused by both hot and cold environments, or even a fever?
... that the 19th-century feminist Henrietta Müller persuaded employers to hire women by "cannily pointing out that this would save money since women were paid less than men"?
... that the Canadian actress Charlotte Le Bon worked as a model for almost a decade in New York, Tokyo and Paris, but "really hated it"?
... that the cover of the 1890s feminist periodical Shafts depicted a woman shooting an arrow labelled "Wisdom", "Justice", and "Truth"?
... that the Swiss politician Josi Meier once declared, "Women belong in the house ... in the House of Representatives!"?
... that although the New Zealand activist Frances Ann Stewart considered herself a "pioneer" for women, she believed that not all women should receive the right to vote?
... that Randi Blehr co-founded and chaired the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights, and was married to a Norwegian Prime Minister?
... that the mountaineer Jean-Antoine Carrel missed being the first to ascend the Matterhorn by only three days?
... that Craig Borten first sold a script for Dallas Buyers Club in 1996, but the film was not released until 2013?
... that every woman who undergoes an abortion in Iceland is required to receive counselling and education about contraception?
... that Margaret Fritsch was the first woman to be licensed as an architect in Oregon?
... that although Christian Madsen is the son of actor Michael Madsen, it was his grandmother who encouraged him to pursue a career in acting?
... that Emilie Gourd is credited as one of the most prominent Swiss feminists of the 20th century?
... that the artist Bryan Nash Gill, who was known for his sculptures and cross-sections of trees, had a son named Forest?
... that Emma Irene Åström, the first woman to graduate from a Finnish university, once said, "There is no point in calling me a pioneer, because I have never consciously been one"?
... that in The Almost Nearly Perfect People, Michael Booth details the popular belief among Icelanders in the possible existence of Huldufólk (elves)?
... that both of the lead actors in the 2013 film Short Term 12 were cast through Skype?
... that although abortion is generally illegal in Sint Maarten, it is legal and accessible "just a walk away across the border" in Saint Martin?
... that Jack Kilmer first acted at age 18, when he starred in Palo Alto with his father Val Kilmer?
... that Michael H. Weber and his writing partner have written four films together despite living on opposite sides of the United States?
... that a torture scene in the Orphan Black episode "Things Which Have Never Yet Been Done" was improvised and shot with a handheld camera due to time constraints during filming?
... that Comic Neue is "a slightly less horrible version of Comic Sans"?
... that the 2014 film Chef has been called both Jon Favreau's best and worst film by critics?
... that when the Weimar-era German magazine Frauenliebe was relaunched as Garçonne, the French title was thought to be "more modish"?
... that by the age of 10, child actor Rohan Chand had co-starred with Adam Sandler, Mark Wahlberg, Jason Bateman and Damian Lewis?
... that in 1922 Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason became the first woman elected to the Icelandic parliament?
... that Hilda Käkikoski was one of the first women elected to the Finnish parliament?
... that Denmark's Kvinden & Samfundet (Woman & Society), published since 1885, claims to be the world's oldest women's magazine?
... that Mary Francis Hill Coley, an African-American lay midwife in Georgia, was featured in a 1952 instructional film used in training midwives around the world?
... that Frances McConnell-Mills' father, a doctor, refused to pay for her medical school tuition because he thought medicine was "too hard a life for a woman"?
... that the offices of the Danish magazine Vennen were raided by police in the so-called "Great Porno Affair"?
... that Maud Wagner was the first known female tattoo artist in the United States?
... that Canadian actor Ari Millen won a role in the second season of Orphan Black after two unsuccessful auditions during the show's first season?
... that when Dascha Polanco was cast on Orange Is the New Black, it was her first full-time job as an actress?
... that a transgender human clone is introduced as a new character in the Orphan Black episode "Variable and Full of Perturbation"?
... that the women's suffrage journal Jus Suffragii drew criticism during World War I for launching "an active pacifist campaign"?
... that Florence Stoney was the UK's first female radiologist and one of the first women doctors hired by the War Office in World War I?
... that Jake Gyllenhaal witnessed a murder during a drug bust while he was preparing for his role as a police officer in the film End of Watch?
... that Susan Anderson was one of the first women to practice medicine in Colorado?
... that Nancy M. Hill, one of the first women physicians in the United States, founded a society to provide shelter and support for unwed mothers and their babies in Dubuque, Iowa?
... that the Swiss magazine Der Kreis was the only gay magazine available in Europe during World War II and the Nazi regime?
... that Janet Greig and her sister Jane, both doctors, were founding members of Melbourne's Queen Victoria Hospital and inductees of the Victorian Honour Roll of Women?
... that bacteriologist Sara Branham Matthews was considered to be one of the "grand ladies of microbiology"?
... that when twin fetuses lock together during childbirth, the first twin is sometimes decapitated to save the second?
... that Justina Ford was the only African American woman to be licensed as a physician in Denver for nearly 50 years?
... that Cassandra Pickett Durham was the first woman to earn a medical degree in the U.S. state of Georgia?
... that biology teacher Blanche Evans Dean wrote several books about Alabama's natural history after becoming frustrated with the lack of books on the subject?
... that the accumulation of blood in the uterus can occur as a complication of surgery or the result of congenital abnormalities?
... that Lilian Helen Alexander was one of the first five women to study medicine at the University of Melbourne and the first female student admitted to an Australian residential college?
... that Liebe Sokol Diamond, who was born without several fingers, became an orthopedic surgeon specializing in children's hand deformities?
... that Josephine Gomon was recruited to work for the Ford Motor Company during World War II by Henry Ford himself?
... that Julia Archibald Holmes, a suffragist and friend of Susan B. Anthony, was also the first woman to climb Pikes Peak?
... that the German feminist newspaper Courage was named after the main character of Mother Courage and Her Children?
... that approximately one in 80,000 females is born without a cervix?
... that most cases of fusion of the labia minora do not require treatment since they resolve naturally?
... that an imperforate hymen is the most common congenital cause of vaginal obstruction?
... that the Lesbian Tide has been called the United States' first national lesbian newspaper?
... that actress Samira Wiley works on Orange Is the New Black alongside a writer and another cast member with whom she became friends while attending the Juilliard School?
... that readers of Focus: A Journal for Lesbians could pay extra to buy the magazine in a brown wrapper?
... that Canadian lawyer David Scearce wrote the screenplay for A Single Man in his spare time?
... that Alma Wagen was the first female guide employed by Mount Rainier National Park?
... that in 1965 Yvette Vaucher became the first woman to climb the Matterhorn's north face?
... that Five Days at Memorial is a non-fiction book by Sheri Fink based on her Pulitzer Prize-winning article about the euthanasia of patients at Memorial Medical Center during Hurricane Katrina?
... that writer-director Sophie Barthes made the film Cold Souls after having a dream about Woody Allen's soul?
... that Abbi Jacobson plays a fictionalized version of herself on the Comedy Central series Broad City?
... that Australian actress Yael Stone's Boston accent on Orange Is the New Black has been called "the most amazing accent on television"?
... that mountaineer Joe Puryear made the first ascents of six peaks in the Himalayas?
... that when Nimdoma Sherpa summited Mount Everest at the age of 16, she became the youngest woman to do so at the time?
... that actress Danielle Brooks has been cast as the first black woman on the HBO series Girls?
... that screenwriter Geoff LaTulippe was offered a directing job by the president of Paramount Film Group after the latter saw one of LaTulippe's short films?
... that Nat Sanders won the inaugural Independent Spirit Award for Best Editing in 2014?
... that Daisy Voog was the first woman to summit the Eiger via the mountain's north face?
... that Marty Schmidt named his son Denali after the Alaskan mountain that he climbed 27 times?
... that actor Keith Stanfield worked in a marijuana factory before appearing in his first feature film?
... that Fay Fuller was the first woman to climb Mount Rainier?
... that 19th-century female climber Jeanne Immink once wrote, "I challenge the male mountaineers to follow in my steps"?
... that in 1901 Beatrice Tomasson and her teammates became the first to climb the south face of Marmolada, which was then considered "the longest and most difficult climb in the Alps"?
... that Chad Kellogg was the first known person to ascend and descend Mount McKinley in under 24 hours?
... that Mick Parker climbed five 8,000 metre mountains without the assistance of Sherpa guides or bottled oxygen?
... that James Hooper made the first journey from the North to the South Magnetic Pole using only human and natural power?
... that mountaineer Loulou Boulaz was given honorary membership in the Swiss Alpine Club before the club allowed women to become members?
... that Isabella Charlet-Straton climbed Mont Blanc four times, including the first winter ascent in 1876?
... that Lily Bristow made the second-ever ascent of Grépon, and did so without a guide?
... that Ralf Dujmovits is the first German to have climbed all 14 of the world's 8,000 metre mountains?
... that Katharine Richardson and Mary Paillon were the first women to summit the Méridionale d'Arves?
... that Margaret Jackson was the first woman to be published in the Alpine Journal under her own name?
... that Kitty Calhoun was the first woman to climb Makalu, the fifth-highest mountain in the world?
... that Sue Nott was the first American woman to climb the Eiger's north face in winter?
... that in 2011, Australia's National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research was re-named as the Kirby Institute in honour of former Justice of the High Court Michael Kirby?
... that mountaineers Anna and Ellen Pigeon made their most famous traverse in the Swiss Alps by mistake?
... that Cason Crane was the first openly gay man to climb the Seven Summits?
... that gastroenterologist Clare O'Leary, the first Irish woman to climb Mount Everest, had to cancel her first attempt due to a case of gastroenteritis?
... that when Danielle Fisher finished climbing the Seven Summits at the age of 20, she became the youngest American to do so at the time?
... that Nikki Bart and her mother Cheryl were the first mother-daughter team to summit Mount Everest?
... that when Jess Roskelley reached the summit of Mount Everest at the age of 20, he became the youngest American to do so at that time?
... that Lydia Bradey was the first woman to climb to the summit of Mount Everest without using bottled oxygen?
... that screenwriter Chris Galletta sold his first screenplay before graduating from film school?
... that Colin Trevorrow was falsely rumored to be the director of the upcoming Star Wars Episode VII?
... that film director Lee Toland Krieger became "hooked" on filmmaking as a teenager when his neighbor, a film producer, brought him to a set?
... that screenwriter Will Reiser wrote the film 50/50 about his diagnosis of spinal cancer at the age of 25?
... that screenwriter Seth Lochhead shared the writing credit for the 2011 film Hanna with David Farr although they do not personally know each other?
... that the sans-serif typeface Neutraface is the subject of a YouTube parody video of Lady Gaga's song "Poker Face"?
... that Bert V. Royal, who wrote the high school comedy film Easy A, did not attend high school?
... that Miller is one of the ten most popular typefaces used in American newspapers?
... that the drama series Huge, created by Savannah Dooley and her mother, Winnie Holzman, employed Dooley's father as an actor and her uncle as the cinematographer?
... that Dexter executive producer Daniel Cerone encouraged the mother of his son's friend not to let her son audition for "Seeing Red" because he would be filmed sitting in a pool of blood?
... that screenwriter Shauna Cross is adapting the pregnancy guide What to Expect When You're Expecting into a romantic comedy film?
... that the pilot episode for South of Nowhere, which is set in a high school, was actually filmed in a prison?
... that the upcoming film My Idiot Brother went into production unusually quickly for an independent film, with a first cut to be completed less than a year after the script was picked up?
... that actress Naya Rivera from the musical comedy series Glee had a talent agent before she was even one year old?
... that the director of the 2009 film The French Kissers chose to use mostly untrained actors because he feared that professional actors would be too egotistical?
... that screenwriter Brad Falchuk tried to stand out in high school by wearing a tie every day and declaring himself a Republican?
... that the death of a character in the Dexter episode "The British Invasion" was planned from two seasons beforehand?
... that in the Skins episode "Pandora", comedian David Baddiel guest-starred as the lover of his real-life girlfriend's character?
... that scenes in a "desolate, shabby" psychological clinic in the Skins episode "JJ" were shot at the show's own offices?
... that, while filming Skins episode "Katie and Emily", actress Kathryn Prescott genuinely punched her co-star by accident during a fight scene?
... that a lake scene in the Skins episode "Naomi" had to be shortened when one of the actors was suspected to have hypothermia?
... that the film Defendor was under its financial requirements after director Peter Stebbings donated his savings?
... that Melissa Rosenberg finished the script for the Dexter episode "Love American Style" quickly due to her experience writing for broadcast TV?
... that Gus Van Sant casted Paranoid Park via MySpace?
... that writer-director Joel Hopkins made Last Chance Harvey to recreate the chemistry he had seen between actors Emma Thompson and Dustin Hoffman in a theatre production?
... that during the filming of Dexter episode "The Damage a Man Can Do", actor Jimmy Smits accidentally stabbed a stunt man with a real knife?
... that film director Arie Posin's father did not allow him to watch television as a child despite being a professional filmmaker himself?
... that writer-director Bruce A. Evans described directing his first film in 15 years, Mr. Brooks, as "like riding a bicycle"?
... that in a Spanish language scene of the Dexter episode "Return to Sender", actor David Zayas learned all of his dialogue in English and translated each line mentally during takes?
... that the Dexter episode "Our Father", aired September 2008, was Showtime's highest-rated drama season premiere since 2004?
... that Kerry Kohansky Roberts attended New York University's film school at the same time as Peter Sollett, but did not meet him until they collaborated on Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist?
... that The Go-Getter's theatrical run in the U.S. lasted only three days in June 2008?
... that film producers Keith Calder, Felipe Marino and Joe Neurauter acquired their first script within a week of forming their production company, Occupant Films?
... that Rose Byrne said that filming the opening scene of Damages episode "Get Me a Lawyer" on a winter's morning in only underwear and a coat was "very traumatic"?
... that the filming of Dexter was forced to move from Miami to Los Angeles, beginning with the episode "It's Alive!", because of the overlap between the show's production window and Miami's hurricane season?
... that Gigantic, a film about a single man deciding to adopt a baby, was inspired by writer–director Matt Aselton's childhood wish for his parents to adopt a baby from China?
... that, when writing about a homicide case in the Dexter episode "The Dark Defender", Timothy Schlattmann was inspired by a snow globe on his desk which he believed "could easily be a murder weapon"?
... that screenwriter Dana Fox works with Diablo Cody and Lorene Scafaria in a writing group they call "The Fempire"?
... that actor Justice Leak and his sister Liberty were named for their father's love of the criminal justice system?
... that Jay Roach recommended that Jon Poll direct teen film Charlie Bartlett when Roach had to back out of the job himself?
... that Jeffrey Blitz wrote Rocket Science based on his own adolescence despite claiming to be "allergic" to autobiographical films?
... that Indigenous Australian actor Brandon Walters had never heard of Nicole Kidman or Hugh Jackman when he signed on to co-star with them in Australia?
... that actor Jesse Plemons had to get 11 stitches in his chin after offering to do his own stunts on Friday Night Lights?
... that Edi Gathegi fell into acting when he took up an undergraduate acting class as an "easy course" after sustaining a basketball injury?
... that angry St Ives, New South Wales residents threatened to disrupt upcoming film Accidents Happen by playing the bagpipes during filming?
... that African-American actor Gaius Charles is named as an homage to Gaius Julius Caesar?
... that upcoming film Afterwards is shot entirely in English, despite being written and directed by Frenchman Gilles Bourdos, adapted from a French novel and co-produced by a French production company?
... that the 2008 teen comedy film Nick and Norah's Infinite Playlist was Lorene Scafaria's ninth screenplay but first novel adaptation?
... that upcoming film The Marc Pease Experience has been dubbed "the next Rushmore" as the two films share similar character traits and Jason Schwartzman in the lead role?
... that Quentin Tarantino, a longtime fan of Australian cinema, helped put together 2008 documentary film Not Quite Hollywood, examining the "Ozploitation" B movies of the 1970s–'80s Australian New Wave?
... that writer-director Brian Dannelly was expelled from the first grade for hitting a nun at his Catholic elementary school?
... that it took Peter Steinfeld six weeks to write the opening eleven pages of his first screenplay, Drowning Mona?
... that American film producer Sandy Stern's producing partner is R.E.M.'s lead singer Michael Stipe?
... that screenwriter Gustin Nash was inspired to write the teen film Charlie Bartlett by a group of teenagers that he spent time with while working at a mall in Burbank, California?
... that screenwriter Melissa Rosenberg originally aspired to be a dancer, and ended up writing the 2006 dance film Step Up?
... that Craig Gillespie almost turned down the chance to direct Lars and the Real Girl when he heard the film's pitch?
... that film producer Shauna Robertson became an assistant to filmmaker Mike Binder after meeting him at the summer camp memorialized in his 1993 film Indian Summer?
... that screenwriter Jimmy Jack returned to his hometown of Perth after an argument with his The Black Balloon co-writer?
... that Little Miss Sunshine producer David T. Friendly is the son of former CBS president Fred W. Friendly?
... that upcoming film Calvin Marshall's producers hired a casting director before they had raised enough funding to hire a well-known actor to attract further financiers?
... that Dustin Lance Black is the only writer on Big Love, a drama about Mormon fundamentalists, who was raised in the Mormon faith?
... that despite being set in New York, All Good Things has been filmed mostly in Connecticut, partly because of the state's "scenic and period locations"?
... that Ryan Fleck produced his short film Gowanus, Brooklyn as a sample feature to attract potential financiers to its extended feature film screenplay, Half Nelson?
... that Charles Leavitt researched the diamond industry thoroughly for the film Blood Diamond's screenplay, since he could potentially be sued by mining corporations?
... that Zac Efron and Claire Danes claim they saw a ghostlike figure while filming Me and Orson Welles at Gaiety Theatre on the Isle of Man?
... that director Goran Dukić chose only songs by musicians who had committed suicide to accompany his 2007 film Wristcutters?
... that screenwriter Allan Loeb's agent dropped him the day he began writing the script that saved his career?
... that screenwriter Daniel Knauf's polio-afflicted father was the inspiration for his television series Carnivàle?
... that screenwriter Jamie Linden interpreted his winning of US$5,000 on game show The Price Is Right as a sign to relocate to Hollywood, California?
... that film director Brett Simon taught film history, film theory and video production at the University of California, Berkeley while completing two degrees there?
... that screenwriter Tim Calpin says he picked up most of his writing experience from the television series South Park, despite never being part of the writing staff?
... that American actor Vincent Piazza was coached for a Puerto Rican accent by a woman who usually did the opposite?
... that Jewish screenwriter Barry Levy has taught Hebrew at Temple Israel California in between writing jobs?
... that film producer Neil Kopp stood in as a location scout, location manager, assistant director and grip while filming Old Joy?
... that actress Anna Kendrick was nominated for a Tony Award at the age of twelve, making her the youngest-ever Tony nominee as of 2008?
... that despite writing a full action-and-dialogue screenplay for his film Raising Victor Vargas, Peter Sollett never showed the actors a script to encourage authenticity through improvisation when filming?
... that Andrei Kravchuk gave up his almost-completed master's degree in Mathematics to study film after Aleksei German offered him a job as a director's assistant?
... that Jeremy Doner was the first student at Harvard University to write a screenplay as a creative thesis?
... that John Orloff was inspired to write his own screenplay when his wife, working for the HBO network, continually brought home "awful" scripts?
... that despite being involved in high school theatre, Darla Vandenbossche only decided to pursue acting when she reached the age of 36?
... that writer-director Zoe Cassavetes appeared in her late father's film Minnie and Moskowitz at the age of one?
... that Grey's Anatomy writer Gabrielle Stanton appeared as the character "Gabrielle" in the 1998 film Free Enterprise?
... that film composer Mateo Messina has written a benefit symphony concert for the Seattle Children's Hospital each year for the past decade?
... that television writer Josh Senter rarely watched television until he was fourteen because of his parents' fundamental Christian beliefs?
... that British actress Anastasia Griffith spoke only in an American accent while auditioning for an American character on Damages?
... that despite dropping out of a screenwriting course at university before graduating, Christopher B. Landon went on to write the box office hit film Disturbia?
... that football (soccer) midfielder Evan Berger was nominated for an informal Australia Day award by his local council for representing Australia in the national under-20 team?
... that actor Noah Bean says he was so shy as a child that his school asked his parents if there was something wrong at home?
... that gay screenwriter Marco Pennette was outed in front of his parents on the People's Choice Awards red carpet by a colleague who asked him about his boyfriend?
... that after screenwriter Chuck Tatham's brother and writing partner Jamie quit their first job and returned to their hometown, Chuck went on to be nominated for two Emmys?
... that television director Michael Lange's Jewish heritage landed him a non-speaking role as a rabbi in the episode "The Chrismukkah Bar-Mitzvahkkah" of The O.C., a show for which he had previously directed?
... that television director and editor Norman Buckley's older sister Betty landed him his first editing job on Tender Mercies, a film she featured in?
... that theatre director David Warren landed a directing role on Desperate Housewives after giving the show's creator, Marc Cherry, his first acting job twenty years prior?
... that until Darren Cheeseman's win in 2007, the Australian seat of Corangamite had not been won by a Labor candidate in over 70 years?
... that, after hitting another driver from behind in heavy traffic, screenwriter Jennifer Philbin and her husband Michael Schur raised $26,000 for charity in a retaliation campaign instead of paying $840 to fix the driver's broken bumper?
... that The O.C.'s music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas worked in the music department of over fifty Roger Corman B-movies before her television debut?

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