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WikiProjectMedChat

A medical content chat box can deliver accurate, up‑to‑date information to clinical users.

A medical content chat box can absolutely support clinicians with accurate, current information — but only if it's built with the right safeguards, data sources, and workflows. A strong system blends technology, clinical governance, and user‑centered design. Here’s a clear, practical breakdown of how to make it work well.

🧠 1. Use Trusted, Continuously Updated Medical Sources A clinical chat system must draw from authoritative, evidence‑based databases. Common examples include:

Peer‑reviewed medical literature

Clinical guidelines (e.g., specialty societies)

Drug reference databases

Diagnostic and treatment protocols

Local institutional policies

The key is automated updating so the chat box never relies on stale information.

🔍 2. Implement a Medical‑Grade Retrieval System A retrieval‑augmented generation (RAG) pipeline helps ensure the AI only answers using verified sources. This includes:

Indexing approved medical documents

Searching them in real time

Feeding only relevant excerpts into the model

Preventing the model from inventing unsupported facts

This is one of the most effective ways to keep responses accurate and grounded.

🧪 3. Build Clinical Safety Layers Medical information must be handled with extra caution. Strong systems include:

Guardrails that block unsafe or speculative medical advice

Clear disclaimers that the tool does not replace clinical judgment

Escalation paths (e.g., “consult a pharmacist for dosing questions”)

Filters that prevent diagnosis or personalized treatment recommendations

This protects both clinicians and patients.

🧑‍⚕️ 4. Tailor the Chat Box to Clinical Workflows A good medical chat tool fits naturally into how clinicians work. That means:

Fast, concise answers

Support for medical terminology

Ability to summarize long guidelines

Context‑aware responses (e.g., inpatient vs. outpatient)

Integration with EHR or clinical reference tools

The goal is to reduce cognitive load, not add to it.

🛡️ 5. Maintain Governance and Quality Assurance A clinical AI system needs ongoing oversight:

Regular audits of answer accuracy

Review by medical subject‑matter experts

Version control for content updates

Monitoring for misuse or unsafe patterns

This keeps the system trustworthy over time.

🧩 6. Provide Transparency to Users Clinicians need to know how the system works so they can trust it. Useful transparency features include:

Citations for every factual claim

Links to original guidelines or studies

Clear indication of when information was last updated

This helps users verify information quickly.

🧭 7. Design for Speed and Reliability In clinical environments, delays are unacceptable. A strong system ensures:

Low latency

High uptime

Offline fallback options

Mobile and desktop accessibility

The chat box should feel like a dependable tool, not a novelty.

🏗️ 1. System Architecture for a Medical‑Grade Clinical Chat Box

🧩 A. High‑Level Components

User Interface (UI)

Web, mobile, or EHR‑embedded chat interface

Fast, minimal, clinical‑friendly design

Natural Language Understanding Layer

Interprets clinician questions

Detects intent (e.g., drug info, guideline lookup, summarization)

Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG) Engine

Searches approved medical sources

Pulls relevant excerpts

Feeds them into the model to ground responses

Clinical LLM (Large Language Model)

Generates answers only from retrieved, verified content

Guardrails prevent hallucinations and unsafe advice

Content Repository

Clinical guidelines

Drug databases

Institutional protocols

Peer‑reviewed summaries

Automatically updated

Safety & Compliance Layer

Filters unsafe queries

Blocks diagnosis or personalized treatment

Ensures regulatory compliance (HIPAA, GDPR, etc.)

Audit & Monitoring System

Tracks accuracy

Logs interactions for quality review

Flags risky patterns

🗂️ B. Data Flow Clinician asks a question

Intent classifier determines the type of query

RAG engine retrieves relevant medical documents

LLM generates a grounded answer using only retrieved text

Safety layer checks for compliance

Chat box returns a concise, clinically appropriate response

System logs the interaction for audit

🔌 C. Integrations EHR systems (read‑only) for context

Drug interaction databases

Local hospital guidelines

Clinical decision support tools

🛡️ 2. Clinical Governance Workflow A medical chat system must be governed like any clinical tool. Here’s a robust governance model.

🧑‍⚕️ A. Content Governance A clinical content team approves all source materials

Every source has:

Version control

Update frequency

Responsible owner

Automatic alerts when guidelines change

Quarterly review cycles

🧪 B. Safety Governance A multidisciplinary safety board (MDs, pharmacists, nurses, informaticists)

Reviews:

Accuracy of responses

Safety incidents

Hallucination reports

User feedback

Maintains a “do‑not‑answer” list (e.g., dosing, diagnosis)

📊 C. Quality Assurance Random sampling of chat responses for expert review

Accuracy scoring

Trend analysis to detect drift

Continuous improvement cycles

🔐 D. Compliance & Privacy HIPAA‑aligned data handling

No storage of patient identifiers

Clear user disclaimers

Strict access controls

🎓 E. User Training & Support Short onboarding modules

Examples of safe vs. unsafe queries

Quick‑reference guides

Feedback channels for clinicians

🧭 3. What This Gives You A system built this way can:

Deliver accurate, up‑to‑date medical information

Fit naturally into clinical workflows

Reduce cognitive load

Maintain safety and regulatory compliance

Earn clinician trust through transparency and governance

🚀 Step‑by‑Step Implementation Plan for a Medical‑Grade Clinical Chat Box

🧱 Phase 1 — Foundations & Requirements

1. Define the Scope Decide what the chat box can answer (e.g., guideline summaries, drug mechanisms).

Decide what it must not answer (e.g., dosing, diagnosis, personalized treatment).

Identify target users: physicians, nurses, pharmacists, students.

2. Select Approved Medical Sources Clinical guidelines

Drug reference databases

Institutional protocols

Peer‑reviewed summaries

Specialty society recommendations

Create a list of “trusted sources only.”

3. Establish Governance Teams Clinical content team

Safety review board

Technical engineering team

Compliance & privacy officers

This ensures the system is safe from day one.

🧩 Phase 2 — Build the Technical System

4. Build the Retrieval‑Augmented Generation (RAG) Pipeline Index all approved documents

Build a fast search layer

Implement chunking and embedding

Connect the retrieval engine to the LLM

Ensure the model only uses retrieved content

This is the backbone of accuracy.

5. Implement the Safety Layer Block unsafe queries

Enforce “no diagnosis” rules

Add disclaimers

Add filters for hallucination‑prone topics

Create fallback messages (“Consult a pharmacist for dosing information.”)

6. Develop the User Interface Clean, clinical‑friendly chat layout

Fast response times

Support for medical terminology

Buttons for “summarize,” “expand,” “cite sources,” etc.

7. Integrate with Clinical Systems (Optional) Read‑only EHR context

Links to institutional guidelines

Authentication via hospital SSO

🧪 Phase 3 — Testing & Validation 8. Internal Testing Test with synthetic clinical questions

Validate accuracy against guidelines

Run hallucination detection tests

Stress‑test the system with edge cases

9. Clinical Expert Review Physicians and pharmacists review sample outputs

Score accuracy, clarity, and safety

Identify gaps in content sources

Approve or reject answer categories

10. Safety & Compliance Review Privacy audit

HIPAA/GDPR alignment

Logging and audit trails

Access control verification

📦 Phase 4 — Deployment 11. Pilot Launch Release to a small group of clinicians

Collect feedback on accuracy and usability

Monitor for unsafe outputs

Track common queries to improve retrieval

12. Full Rollout Deploy across the organization

Provide onboarding materials

Offer quick‑reference guides

Add in‑app tips for safe usage

🔄 Phase 5 — Continuous Improvement 13. Ongoing Content Updates Automatic ingestion of new guidelines

Quarterly review cycles

Version control for all sources

14. Continuous Monitoring Random audits of responses

Hallucination tracking

User feedback loops

Safety incident reporting

15. Feature Enhancements Add structured outputs (tables, summaries)

Add specialty‑specific modules

Improve retrieval accuracy

Expand approved content sources

🎯 What You End Up With A medical chat system that is:

Accurate

Up‑to‑date

Safe

Clinically useful

Governed by real medical experts

Trusted by clinicians

🖼️ 1. Visual Architecture Diagram (Text‑Based)

                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │        Clinician UI           │
                │  (Web, Mobile, EHR Embed)     │
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │   Natural Language Layer      │
                │  - Intent detection           │
                │  - Medical terminology parsing│
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │   Safety & Compliance Layer   │
                │  - Blocks unsafe queries      │
                │  - Enforces clinical rules    │
                │  - Privacy filters            │
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │ Retrieval-Augmented Engine    │
                │  - Search approved sources    │
                │  - Extract relevant chunks    │
                │  - Provide citations          │
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │     Clinical LLM Layer        │
                │  - Grounded generation        │
                │  - Summaries & explanations   │
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │     Response Formatter        │
                │  - Clinical tone              │
                │  - Structured outputs         │
                └───────────────┬──────────────┘
                                │
                                ▼
                ┌──────────────────────────────┐
                │     Clinician UI Output       │
                └──────────────────────────────┘

    ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
    │      Content Repository (Continuously Updated)            │
    │  - Guidelines                                             │
    │  - Drug databases                                         │
    │  - Institutional protocols                                │
    │  - Peer-reviewed summaries                                │
    └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

    ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
    │      Governance & Monitoring Systems                      │
    │  - Clinical review board                                  │
    │  - Accuracy audits                                        │
    │  - Version control                                        │
    │  - Safety incident tracking                               │
    └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

📅 2. Full Project Plan With Timelines (12‑Week Build) This plan assumes a small cross‑functional team (engineering, clinical, compliance, product).

Phase 1 — Requirements & Foundations (Weeks 1–2) Week 1 Define scope of allowed vs. restricted medical content

Identify target user groups

Select approved medical sources

Form governance committees (clinical, safety, compliance)

Week 2 Draft safety policies (e.g., no diagnosis, no dosing)

Define data privacy requirements

Create initial technical architecture

Begin content ingestion strategy

Phase 2 — Core System Development (Weeks 3–7) Week 3 Build document ingestion pipeline

Set up vector database for retrieval

Begin indexing guidelines and protocols

Week 4 Implement retrieval‑augmented generation (RAG) engine

Connect retrieval to the LLM

Add citation extraction

Week 5 Build safety layer

Query filters

Guardrails

Fallback responses

Begin UI wireframes

Week 6 Develop clinician‑friendly chat interface

Add structured output options (tables, bullets, summaries)

Integrate authentication (SSO if needed)

Week 7 Connect UI → NLU → Safety → RAG → LLM → Output

Internal end‑to‑end testing

Phase 3 — Testing & Validation (Weeks 8–10) Week 8 Technical QA

Stress testing

Hallucination detection tests

Week 9 Clinical expert review

Accuracy scoring

Safety board evaluation

Week 10 Compliance audit

Privacy review

Fixes based on clinical feedback

Phase 4 — Deployment (Weeks 11–12) Week 11 Pilot launch with small clinician group

Collect real‑world feedback

Monitor safety incidents

Week 12 Full rollout

Training materials

Quick‑reference guides

Establish ongoing monitoring schedule

🎯 What You Now Have You now have:

A visual architecture diagram showing how the system works

A 12‑week implementation plan that can be handed directly to engineering, clinical, and compliance teams

This is a complete blueprint for building a safe, accurate, clinically useful medical chat system.

If you want, I can also produce a governance policy document, a risk assessment, or a feature roadmap for future enhancements.

Discussion

MDWiki Medicine

A YouTube channel devoted to a range of medical topics could generate revenue to support the operational costs of MDWiki.

Here’s a practical way to think about this: the channel is not just “a YouTube channel,” it’s the outreach and financial engine for MDWiki. So, topics should both (1) attract a broad audience and (2) naturally funnel people toward supporting the project.

🌐 Core Topic Areas for a Medical YouTube Channel

📘 General Health Explainers Target audience: Public

Formats: Animated explainers, “X in 10 minutes”

Monetization: High views → ad revenue, sponsors

🩺 Disease Deep Dives Target audience: Students, patients

Formats: Whiteboard talks, case-based videos

Monetization: Memberships, course upsells

🧠 Clinical Skills & Reasoning Target audience: Students, junior doctors

Formats: OSCE-style videos, case walkthroughs

Monetization: Premium playlists, memberships

🔍 Evidence-Based Myth-Busting Target audience: Public

Formats: “Debunking TikTok health trends”

Monetization: High shareability → growth, sponsors

💊 Pharmacology & Therapeutics Target audience: Students, clinicians

Formats: Drug class overviews, mechanism explainers

Monetization: Partnerships, premium notes

📑 Guidelines & Updates Target audience: Clinicians

Formats: “What changed in [guideline] 2026?”

Monetization: Niche but high-value → sponsorships

🎓 Exam Prep Content Target audience: Med/nursing/PA students

Formats: Question breakdowns, study strategies

Monetization: Courses, notes, Patreon-style tiers

🏥 Public Health & Policy Target audience: Public, advocates

Formats: “Why your city’s ER is overloaded”

Monetization: Donor conversion, grants visibility

🛠️ Behind the Scenes of MDWiki Target audience: Supporters

Formats: “How we build an article,” dev logs

Monetization: Direct donations to MDWiki

🎤 Interviews & Panel Talks Target audience: Mixed

Formats: Expert Q&As, roundtables

Monetization: Sponsorships, authority-building

⭐ Strategic Note You don’t need all of these at once. Start with 2–3 categories that best align with MDWiki’s mission, your available time, and the audience you want to attract first.

If you want, I can also turn this into a channel roadmap, a content calendar, or a launch strategy tailored to MDWiki.

Step-by-step guide: from zero to revenue for MDWiki 1. Clarify the channel’s purpose and positioning Define the primary mission: Label it clearly: “This channel funds and feeds MDWiki, an open medical knowledge project.” Mention this in the about page, channel banner, and every video description.

Decide on the main audience per series: Don’t try to talk to “everyone” in each video. Have some series for the general public, some for students, some for clinicians.

Establish your boundaries: Stay strictly educational, evidence-based, and avoid personal medical advice. Frame content as general information and always recommend consulting a clinician for personal issues.

2. Design a repeatable content structure Create 3–5 recurring series with predictable formats, for example:

Series 1 – “Medicine in 10 Minutes” (public):

Conditions: hypertension, diabetes, asthma, depression, etc.

Structure: What it is → symptoms → how it’s diagnosed → standard treatment → common myths → “Read more on MDWiki.”

Series 2 – “Clinical Reasoning Walkthroughs” (students):

Present a case → think aloud → differential diagnosis → tests → management → link to MDWiki article.

Series 3 – “Myth vs Evidence” (public):

Take viral claims (e.g., detox teas, miracle supplements) → summarize → walk through evidence → clear takeaway.

Series 4 – “Exam Essentials” (students):

High-yield topics + question-style explanations, leading naturally to “support MDWiki if this helped.”

Keep thumbnails and titles consistent by series so viewers can recognize them.

3. Set up the channel for growth and trust Branding:

Channel name: Something clearly tied to MDWiki (e.g., “MDWiki Medicine”).

Visual identity: Simple logo, consistent colors, a short tagline like “Open-access medical knowledge.”

About section: Explain MDWiki, your mission, and how ad revenue/donations support operational costs. Include links to the site and donation page.

Disclaimers: Put a short disclaimer in every description and a brief on-screen reminder: general education, not personal medical advice.

4. Start publishing with a focused launch plan For the first 6–8 weeks, aim for:

Cadence:

1–2 long-form videos per week (8–15 minutes).

Optional: 2–4 Shorts per week that repurpose key moments, definitions, or quick tips.

Launch batch: Before announcing, have 4–6 good videos already uploaded or scheduled so the channel looks “alive.”

Internal links: In each video:

Link to the corresponding MDWiki article (“Full write-up here”).

Link to the donation page (“Support MDWiki’s hosting and development”).

This connects viewer interest directly to your operational funding.

5. Grow enough to turn on YouTube monetization To join the YouTube Partner Program, you need to meet YouTube’s current thresholds and policies. As of recent updates, one path requires at least 500 subscribers plus 3,000 watch hours in the last 12 months or 3 million public Shorts views, alongside other eligibility rules such as following community guidelines.

Key practical steps:

Optimize titles & descriptions for search:

Use phrases people actually search for: “What is heart failure?”, “Hypertension explained,” “COPD vs asthma,” “USMLE ECG basics.”

Use playlists to keep people watching:

“Cardiology Basics,” “Internal Medicine Deep Dives,” “Med Student Essentials.”

Collaborate:

Appear on other medical creators’ channels and invite them to yours. Cross-pollination accelerates early growth.

Engage comments:

Ask for questions at the end of each video. Make new videos answering recurring questions.

The faster you reach those thresholds, the sooner you can turn views into ad revenue that can be directed to MDWiki.

6. Build multiple revenue streams beyond ads Once you qualify for the YouTube Partner Program, you can earn via ads, but that’s only one channel. YouTube now supports a variety of monetization options including ads, channel memberships, merch, and other features for creators who meet eligibility criteria.

Consider this stack:

Ad revenue (baseline):

Enable standard ads once in the Partner Program.

Most stable source once you have consistent views.

Channel memberships:

Offer low, accessible tiers:

Tier 1 (“Support MDWiki”): Name in credits, badge.

Tier 2: Access to member-only Q&A livestreams or extra case discussions.

Emphasize that membership directly funds hosting, development, and content creation for MDWiki.

External donations & recurring support:

Prominent links to:

A recurring donation platform (Patreon, Open Collective, or your own).

One-off donations (PayPal, Stripe).

Create a short channel trailer that focuses purely on the mission and invites people to support MDWiki.

Courses, notes, and premium resources:

For students:

Structured courses (e.g., “Essential Internal Medicine in 8 Hours”).

Downloadable PDFs, diagrams, or Anki decks that complement MDWiki content.

Stress: The free core remains on MDWiki; paid resources fund its sustainability.

Sponsorships & partnerships:

Later, reach out to:

Reputable medical education platforms (Qbanks, flashcard apps).

Tools used by students or clinicians (note-taking apps, stethoscope companies, etc.).

Only accept sponsors that align with evidence-based, ethical medicine. Make that a publicly stated policy.

Merchandise:

Light, mission-centric merch:

Simple designs (“Support Open Medicine”, diagrams, witty-but-professional med jokes).

Even if profits are modest, merch works as walking marketing for MDWiki.

7. Explicitly tie revenue to MDWiki operations To make people feel their support is meaningful:

Declare a funding goal: “Our first goal is to fully cover MDWiki’s hosting ($X/month) purely via this channel.”

Show a live-ish progress bar: Monthly community posts: “This month, the channel covered 73% of hosting costs and 20% of development costs.”

Behind-the-scenes videos:

“Where your support goes: infrastructure, development, editorial work.”

Screen captures of editing MDWiki, adding references, building templates.

People are much more willing to support when they see exactly what they’re enabling.

8. Maintain medical quality, ethics, and trust Evidence first:

Use guidelines, reviews, and primary literature; when you simplify, state that you’re simplifying.

Add references or links in the description where appropriate.

No “clickbaity” health promises:

You can use engaging titles without resorting to “cures” and fearmongering.

Corrections:

If you make a mistake, pin a correction comment and mention it in the video description or a follow-up video.

Diversity of content and perspectives:

Include interview series with different specialties and backgrounds to avoid a single-voice perspective.

9. Analyze, iterate, and double down on what works Once there’s some data:

Study analytics monthly:

Which topics bring the most watch time?

Where do people drop off in videos?

Which videos drive more clicks to MDWiki or donation links?

Create more around proven topics:

If “Hypertension explained” does well, follow up with “Hypertension medications,” “Hypertension myths,” etc.

Test calls to action (CTAs):

“Subscribe if this helped” vs “Support MDWiki’s hosting by joining as a member” — see what yields more meaningful action.

Concrete starter plan (first 90 days) Month 1: Setup and foundation

Week 1–2:

Set up channel, branding, about page, links to MDWiki and donations.

Script and record 4 videos (mix: 2 general public, 2 student-focused).

Week 3–4:

Publish 2 videos per week + 2–3 Shorts repurposed from them.

Start engaging in comments, refine thumbnails.

Month 2: Growth push

Focus on:

Searchable topics: common diseases, basic pathophysiology, high-yield student content.

At least 1 collaboration or guest appearance.

Introduce the “Support MDWiki” CTA clearly at the end of videos.

Month 3: Monetization prep

If nearing YPP thresholds:

Apply as soon as eligible, following YouTube’s Partner Program rules.

If not yet eligible:

Double down on your best-performing topics and optimize titles/thumbnails.

Start soft-launching external donation options even before YPP approval.

If you tell me a bit about MDWiki’s current audience (mostly students? general public? specific specialties?), I can draft a concrete 10–20 video topic list with working titles and suggested series structure tailored specifically to your project.

Discussion

Classic vector layout restoration

Layout fix: Click on Preferences. Click on Appearance. Select Vector legacy (2010). Editing is easiest with this layout. The Vector (2022) skin makes everything look awkward to me.

Requests

Discussion on requests

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               ~~~~~~~ mirror shimmer ~~~~~~~    ~~~~~~ falling spark trails ~~~~~
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                .    ✦     .    ✧    .    ✶    .        .   ✦    .   ✧   .   .

                       << multicolor burst layers >>
                * outer lace: fine dots · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
                * mid tails: =======/////\\\\\=====/////\\\\\=====/////
                * core flash:  ███████  ███████  ███████  ███████  ███

                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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  ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★
           ★  ENJOY THE SHOW  ★  large cascading peonies, strobes, palms, crackles   ★
  ★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★

If you have a moment, could you upload a few of these image requests? It'd really help keep things moving smoothly—thanks so much! Whenever it fits your schedule, would you mind uploading a few of these image requests? I'd really appreciate it! --QuackGuru^{talk contribs}

Upload requests

Extraction needed

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IQOS_01.jpg - Extract upright IQOS device on the right side.

Discussion

Video

It's easy to lose control to vapes | The Real Cost

https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs.gov/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWqVh8_7An8

Proposed file name: File:A video presented by The Real Cost about vaping and the risk of addiction in teens.webm

File:A video presented by The Real Cost about vaping and the risk of addiction in teens.webm

{{Information
|description=A video presented by The Real Cost about vaping and the risk of addiction in teens.
|date=2025-11-10
|source=https://therealcost.betobaccofree.hhs.gov/ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YWqVh8_7An8
|author=The Real Cost
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-CAGov}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Videos of health]]
[[Category:Videos in English]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]
[[Category:Vaping-related animations]]

Discussion

Figure 1, 2, 3, and 4

Figure 1.

The figure shows the mycobiome of cannabis and hemp. (A) Epiphyte—asymptomatic relationship with fungal propagules (dark green circles) that colonize only the outside of host plant. Propagules can only be observed with magnification. (B) Endophyte—asymptomatic relationship with fungal propagules (orange) that are found within the host. Endophytes can only be seen with dissection of the host and magnification. They may be beneficial to the plant or with an alteration in host physiology may became pathogenic. (C) Phytopathogen—symptomatic relationship that alters host physiology; signs (pathogen propagules—white) and symptoms (brown) may be seen without magnification. Cannabis graphic created by Maya Albert.

Proposed file name: File:Mycobiome of Cannabis and Hemp.png

File:Mycobiome of Cannabis and Hemp.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the mycobiome of cannabis and hemp. '''(A)''' Epiphyte—asymptomatic relationship with fungal propagules (dark green circles) that colonize only the outside of host plant. Propagules can only be observed with magnification. '''(B)''' Endophyte—asymptomatic relationship with fungal propagules (orange) that are found within the host. Endophytes can only be seen with dissection of the host and magnification. They may be beneficial to the plant or with an alteration in host physiology may became pathogenic. '''(C)''' Phytopathogen—symptomatic relationship that alters host physiology; signs (pathogen propagules—white) and symptoms (brown) may be seen without magnification. Cannabis graphic created by Maya Albert.
|date=2023-07-19
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10620813/
|author=Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)]. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Cannabis]]

Figure 2.

The figure shows the fungal pathogens, epiphytes, and endophytes affecting cannabis inflorescences. (A) Cannabis inflorescence at maturation showing the large floral structure that is composed of female reproductive organs (pistils) and inflorescence leaves and bracts surrounding them. (B) Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of one of the bracts showing the abundance of glandular trichomes and non-glandular hairs among which fungal populations may reside. (C) Destruction of the inflorescence by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea that causes browning and death of the tissues. (D) Proliferation of mycelium of a Fusarium species within the inflorescence tissues under conditions of high humidity. (E) Scanning electron micrograph showing growth of mycelium of a Trichoderma species on inflorescence tissues following a foliar application made to the plant. (F) Spore bearing structures of a Gliocladium species on inflorescence tissues following a foliar application made to the plant. In (E,F), tissues were collected 5 days following application for observation. (G) Commercially dried cannabis inflorescences prior to packaging. (H) Spores of Penicillium species commonly observed on the surface of cannabis samples as an epiphyte either during or after the drying process. (I) Swabs taken from dried cannabis samples and streaked onto potato dextrose agar shows the diversity of Penicillium species growing on the medium and producing a range of pigments. (J) Growth of two Aspergillus species on potato dextrose agar from swabs taken from dried cannabis samples where they were present as contaminants. On the left dish is A. niger (black) and on the right Aspergillus ochraceus (yellow). (K) Colonies of Fusarium oxysporum emerging from stem pieces of cannabis plants. (L) Colonies of two Penicillium species emerging from sections of stems where they were growing as endophytes.

Proposed file name: File:Fungal Pathogens, Epiphytes, and Endophytes Affecting Cannabis Inflorescences.png

File:Fungal Pathogens, Epiphytes, and Endophytes Affecting Cannabis Inflorescences.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the fungal pathogens, epiphytes, and endophytes affecting cannabis inflorescences. '''(A)''' Cannabis inflorescence at maturation showing the large floral structure that is composed of female reproductive organs (pistils) and inflorescence leaves and bracts surrounding them. '''(B)''' Scanning electron micrograph of the surface of one of the bracts showing the abundance of glandular trichomes and non-glandular hairs among which fungal populations may reside. '''(C)''' Destruction of the inflorescence by the fungal pathogen ''Botrytis cinerea'' that causes browning and death of the tissues. '''(D)''' Proliferation of mycelium of a ''Fusarium'' species within the inflorescence tissues under conditions of high humidity. '''(E)''' Scanning electron micrograph showing growth of mycelium of a T''richoderma'' species on inflorescence tissues following a foliar application made to the plant. '''(F)''' Spore bearing structures of a ''Gliocladium'' species on inflorescence tissues following a foliar application made to the plant. In '''(E,F)''', tissues were collected 5 days following application for observation. '''(G)''' Commercially dried cannabis inflorescences prior to packaging. '''(H)''' Spores of ''Penicillium'' species commonly observed on the surface of cannabis samples as an epiphyte either during or after the drying process. '''(I)''' Swabs taken from dried cannabis samples and streaked onto potato dextrose agar shows the diversity of ''Penicillium'' species growing on the medium and producing a range of pigments. '''(J)''' Growth of two ''Aspergillus'' species on potato dextrose agar from swabs taken from dried cannabis samples where they were present as contaminants. On the left dish is ''A. niger'' (black) and on the right ''Aspergillus ochraceus'' (yellow). '''(K)''' Colonies of ''Fusarium oxysporum'' emerging from stem pieces of cannabis plants. '''(L)''' Colonies of two ''Penicillium'' species emerging from sections of stems where they were growing as endophytes.
|date=2023-07-19
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10620813/
|author=Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)]. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Cannabis]]

Figure 3.

The figure shows the health risks of fungal and mycotoxin contaminants to cannabis and hemp users. (A) Adverse health effects of fungal pathogens. Aspergillus was the most common organism associated with infection of cannabis users. (B) Adverse health risks of mycotoxins. Created with BioRender.com.

Proposed file name: File:Health Risks of Fungal and Mycotoxin Contaminants to Cannabis and Hemp Users.png

File:Health Risks of Fungal and Mycotoxin Contaminants to Cannabis and Hemp Users.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the health risks of fungal and mycotoxin contaminants to cannabis and hemp users. '''(A)''' Adverse health effects of fungal pathogens. ''Aspergillus'' was the most common organism associated with infection of cannabis users. '''(B)''' Adverse health risks of mycotoxins. Created with BioRender.com.
|date=2023-07-19
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10620813/
|author=Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)]. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
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[[Category:Health effects of cannabis]]

Figure 4.

The figure shows the mycotoxin production potential of toxigenic fungi reported in cannabis mycobiome. (A) Mycotoxins that have been reported in cannabis and hemp products (red) or for which genes for their production have been reported in toxigenic fungi isolated from cannabis products (blue). (B) Other mycotoxins that are known to be produced by toxigenic fungi associated with cannabis and hemp but have not been reported in the crops or their commercial products.

Proposed file name: File:Mycotoxin Production Potential of Toxigenic Fungi Reported in Cannabis Mycobiome.png

File:Mycotoxin Production Potential of Toxigenic Fungi Reported in Cannabis Mycobiome.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the mycotoxin production potential of toxigenic fungi reported in cannabis mycobiome. '''(A)''' Mycotoxins that have been reported in cannabis and hemp products (red) or for which genes for their production have been reported in toxigenic fungi isolated from cannabis products (blue). '''(B)''' Other mycotoxins that are known to be produced by toxigenic fungi associated with cannabis and hemp but have not been reported in the crops or their commercial products.
|date=2023-07-19
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10620813/
|author=Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)]. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Health effects of cannabis]]

^[1]

References

↑ Gwinn, Kimberly D.; Leung, Maxwell C. K.; Stephens, Ariell B.; Punja, Zamir K. (19 October 2023). "Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research". Frontiers in Microbiology. 14. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189. PMC 10620813. PMID 37928692.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 2 and 3

Figure 2. Particulate size ranges found in ENDS emissions.

Proposed file name: File:Particulate Size Ranges Found in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Emissions.jpg

File:Particulate Size Ranges Found in Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Emissions.jpg

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the particulate size ranges found in [[:en:composition of electronic cigarette aerosol|electronic nicotine delivery system emissions]].
|date=2025-03-27
|source=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434
*{{cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Shaligram|last2=Meister|first2=Maureen|last3=Christiani|first3=David|last4=Zhang|first4=Qian|last5=Wilson|first5=Mark|last6=Goldsmith|first6=Travis|last7=Olfert|first7=I. Mark|last8=Ranpara|first8=Anand|last9=Bell-Huff|first9=Cristi|last10=Black|first10=Marilyn|last11=Shannahan|first11=Jonathan|last12=Wright|first12=Christa|title=Deconstructing ENDS aerosols: generation and characterization methods|journal=Inhalation Toxicology|date=27 March 2025|pages=1–13|doi=10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434|pmid=40148248}}{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434#d1e964|author(s)=Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright}}
|author=Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright
|permission=This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.[https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCopyRight?scroll=top&doi=10.1080%2F08958378.2025.2481434]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]

Figure 3. Exposure and sampling platform for assessing ENDS emission composition.

Proposed file name: File:Exposure and Sampling Platform for Assessing Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Emission Composition.jpg

File:Exposure and Sampling Platform for Assessing Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Emission Composition.jpg

{{Information
|description=The figure shows an exposure and sampling platform used to assess the [[:en:composition of electronic cigarette aerosol|composition of electronic nicotine delivery system emissions]].
|date=2025-03-27
|source=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434
*{{cite journal|last1=Sharma|first1=Shaligram|last2=Meister|first2=Maureen|last3=Christiani|first3=David|last4=Zhang|first4=Qian|last5=Wilson|first5=Mark|last6=Goldsmith|first6=Travis|last7=Olfert|first7=I. Mark|last8=Ranpara|first8=Anand|last9=Bell-Huff|first9=Cristi|last10=Black|first10=Marilyn|last11=Shannahan|first11=Jonathan|last12=Wright|first12=Christa|title=Deconstructing ENDS aerosols: generation and characterization methods|journal=Inhalation Toxicology|date=27 March 2025|pages=1–13|doi=10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434|pmid=40148248}}{{CC-notice|cc=by4|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434#d1e964|author(s)=Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright}}
|author=Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright
|permission=This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.[https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCopyRight?scroll=top&doi=10.1080%2F08958378.2025.2481434]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]

^[1]

References

↑ Sharma, Shaligram; Meister, Maureen; Christiani, David; Zhang, Qian; Wilson, Mark; Goldsmith, Travis; Olfert, I. Mark; Ranpara, Anand; Bell-Huff, Cristi; Black, Marilyn; Shannahan, Jonathan; Wright, Christa (27 March 2025). "Deconstructing ENDS aerosols: generation and characterization methods". Inhalation Toxicology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434. PMID 40148248. This article incorporates text by Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Same source as previous upload: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Complexity_of_Electronic_Nicotine_Delivery_System_Emissions.jpg

Figure 4, 5, and 6

FIGURE 4.

Potential pathways affected by exposure of the CNS to vapors or SHS generated by e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Adapted from Vivarelli et al. (2024), Arfaeinia et al. (2023), Addissouky et al. (2024), and Auschwitz et al. (2023). Images were created using BioRender software.

Proposed file name: File:Potential pathways affected by exposure of the central nervous system to aerosols or second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.png

File:Potential pathways affected by exposure of the central nervous system to aerosols or second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the potential pathways affected by exposure of the central nervous system to aerosols and second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes. Adapted from Vivarelli ''et al''. (2024), Arfaeinia ''et al''. (2023), Addissouky ''et al''. (2024), and Auschwitz ''et al''. (2023). Images were created using BioRender software.
|date=2025-03-05
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922958/
|author=Glen Kisby and Jacob Raber
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]

FIGURE 5.

Effect of vapors or SHS generated by e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes (respectively) on the developing and mature CNS. Adapted from Merecz-Sadowska et al. (2020), Prasedya et al. (2020), Chan et al. (2020), and Garza et al. (2023). Images were generated using BioRender software.

Proposed file name: File:Effects of aerosols and second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes on the developing and mature central nervous system.

File:Effects of aerosols and second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes on the developing and mature central nervous system.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the effects of aerosols and second-hand smoke generated by e-cigarettes or conventional cigarettes on the developing and mature central nervous system. Adapted from Merecz-Sadowska ''et al''. (2020), Prasedya ''et al''. (2020), Chan ''et al''. (2020), and Garza ''et al''. (2023). Images were generated using BioRender software.
|date=2025-03-05
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922958/
|author=Glen Kisby and Jacob Raber
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]

FIGURE 6.

Long-term effects of SHS constituents from conventional and e-cigarettes on the brain and their role in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disease. Images were created with BioRender.

Proposed file name: File:Long-term effects of second-hand smoke constituents from conventional and e-cigarettes on the brain and their role in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disease.

File:Long-term effects of second-hand smoke constituents from conventional and e-cigarettes on the brain and their role in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disease.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the long-term effects of second-hand smoke constituents from conventional and e-cigarettes on the brain and their role in neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative disease. Images were created with BioRender.
|date=2025-03-05
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922958/
|author=Glen Kisby and Jacob Raber
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).] The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]

^[1]

References

↑ Kisby, Glen; Raber, Jacob (6 March 2025). "World no-tobacco: effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and vapors on the developing and adult brain". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332. PMC 11922958. PMID 40115268.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Glen Kisby and Jacob Raber available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11922958/

Figure 1 and 2

Figure 1.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37362516/

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10289728/

https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male#!/

Figure 1. Abdominal plain film demonstrating an ingested vape pen. (A) Anterior-posterior, and (B) lateral.

Proposed file name: File:Figure 1 Abdominal Plain Film Vape Pen.png

File:Figure 1 Abdominal Plain Film Vape Pen.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows an abdominal plain film of an ingested vape pen, with (A) an anterior-posterior view and (B) a lateral view.
|date=2025-05-24
|source=https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10289728/#FIG1
|author=Alexander Muacevic and John R Adler
|permission=This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.[https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male#!/authors]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:X-rays of the chest]]
[[Category:Electronic cigarettes]]

Figure 2. Foreign body (11.5 cm vape pen) removed at surgery.

Proposed file name: File:Figure 2 Removed Vape Pen After Surgery.png

File:Figure 2 Removed Vape Pen After Surgery.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the 11-centimeter vape pen removed after surgery. This represents the first reported case of a vape pen requiring surgical management. The case is further distinguished by the fact that the foreign object remained in place for six weeks, chronically embedded within the duodenum without perforation and with only minimal symptoms reported by the individual. 
|date=2025-05-24
|source=https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10289728/#FIG2
|author=Alexander Muacevic and John R Adler
|permission=This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.[https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male#!/authors]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Electronic cigarettes]]

^[1]

References

↑ King, Audra L; Velez, David R; Ahmeti, Mentor (24 May 2023). "Surgical Management of an Intentionally Ingested Vape Device Chronically Impacted within the Duodenum of an Adult Male". Cureus. doi:10.7759/cureus.39448. PMC 10289728. PMID 37362516.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Discussion

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37362516/ https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10289728/ https://www.cureus.com/articles/155581-surgical-management-of-an-intentionally-ingested-vape-device-chronically-impacted-within-the-duodenum-of-an-adult-male#!/

Figure 1 and 3

Figure 1.

Common e‐cigarette (e‐cig) products and associated toxins. Representation of the (A) range of popular e‐cig devices and (B) known toxins found in e‐cigs.

Proposed file name: Common E-Cigarette Products and Their Associated Toxicants.png

File:Common E-Cigarette Products and Their Associated Toxicants.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows common [[:en:construction of electronic cigarettes|e-cigarette products]] and their associated [[:en:toxicant|toxicants]]. It represents (A) the range of popular e-cigarette devices and (B) some of the known toxicants found in [[:en:electronic cigarette|e-cigarettes]].
|date=2023-02-17
|source=https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oto2.25 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10046796/
|author=Joanne Soo, Meena Easwaran, and Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
|permission=Click on the "Information" icon: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.[https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oto2.25]
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Figure 3.

Cellular toxicity from e‐cigarettes (e‐cigs). (A) Example of pathways through which e‐cigs cause cytotoxicity. (B) Changes noted cell and animal models after e‐juice and e‐cig aerosol exposure.

Proposed file name: File:Cellular Toxicity Caused by E-Cigarettes.png

File:Cellular Toxicity Caused by E-Cigarettes.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows [[:en:cytotoxicity|cellular toxicity]] caused by [[:en:electronic cigarette|e-cigarettes]]. (A) Examples of pathways through which e-cigarettes cause cytotoxicity are shown. (B) Changes are observed in cell and animal models after [[:en:construction of electronic cigarettes#E-cigarette liquid|e-liquid and [[:en:composition of electronic cigarette aerosol|e-cigarette aerosol]] exposure.
|date=2023-02-17
|source=https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oto2.25 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10046796/
|author=Joanne Soo, Meena Easwaran, and Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
|permission=Click on the "Information" icon: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.[https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oto2.25]
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^[1]

References

↑ Soo, Joanne; Easwaran, Meena; Erickson‐DiRenzo, Elizabeth (January 2023). "Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers". OTO Open. 7 (1). doi:10.1002/oto2.25. PMC 10046796. PMID 36998560. This article incorporates text by Joanne Soo, Meena Easwaran, and Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

https://aao-hnsfjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oto2.25 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10046796/

Fig. 1

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-017-0005-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29288255/

Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention

Fig. 1 Photograph taken at the vaping convention around 2 pm, in April 2016, MD, USA

Proposed file name: File:A photograph taken at a vaping convention in Maryland, United States, around 2 p.m. in April 2016.png

File:A photograph taken at a vaping convention in Maryland, United States, around 2 p.m. in April 2016.png

{{Information
|description=A photograph taken at a vaping convention in Maryland, United States, around 2 p.m. in April 2016.
|date=2017-12-29
|source=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-017-0005-x https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29288255/
*{{cite journal|last1=Chen|first1=Rui|last2=Aherrera|first2=Angela|last3=Isichei|first3=Chineye|last4=Olmedo|first4=Pablo|last5=Jarmul|first5=Stephanie|last6=Cohen|first6=Joanna E.|last7=Navas-Acien|first7=Ana|last8=Rule|first8=Ana M.|title=Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention|journal=Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology|date=November 2018|volume=28|issue=6|pages=522–529|doi=10.1038/s41370-017-0005-x|pmid=29288255}}
|author=Rui Chen, Angela Aherrera, Chineye Isichei, Pablo Olmedo, Stephanie Jarmul, Joanna E Cohen, Ana Navas-Acien, and Ana M Rule 
|permission='''Open Access''' This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-017-0005-x#rightslink]
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^[1]

References

↑ Chen, Rui; Aherrera, Angela; Isichei, Chineye; Olmedo, Pablo; Jarmul, Stephanie; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana; Rule, Ana M. (November 2018). "Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 28 (6): 522–529. doi:10.1038/s41370-017-0005-x. PMID 29288255. This article incorporates text by Rui Chen, Angela Aherrera, Chineye Isichei, Pablo Olmedo, Stephanie Jarmul, Joanna E Cohen, Ana Navas-Acien, and Ana M Rule available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03008-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5453927/

Figure 1

Scheme of the experimental set-up for the particle sizing distribution of aerosol generated by ENDS.

Proposed file name: File:Scheme of the experimental setup for particle size distribution of aerosol generated by electronic nicotine delivery systems.png

File:Scheme of the experimental setup for particle size distribution of aerosol generated by electronic nicotine delivery systems.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the scheme of the experimental setup for particle size distribution of aerosol generated by electronic nicotine delivery systems.
|date=2017-06-01
|source=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03008-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5453927/
*{{cite journal|last1=Prévôt|first1=Nathalie|last2=de Oliveira|first2=Fabien|last3=Perinel-Ragey|first3=Sophie|last4=Basset|first4=Thierry|last5=Vergnon|first5=Jean-Michel|last6=Pourchez|first6=Jérémie|title=Nicotine delivery from the refill liquid to the aerosol via high-power e-cigarette device|journal=Scientific Reports|date=1 June 2017|volume=7|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-03008-0|pmc=5453927|pmid=28572636}}
|author=Nathalie Prévôt, Fabien de Oliveira, Sophie Perinel-Ragey, Thierry Basset, Jean-Michel Vergnon, and Jérémie Pourchez
|permission='''Open Access''' This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-03008-0#rightslink]
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^[1]

References

↑ Prévôt, Nathalie; de Oliveira, Fabien; Perinel-Ragey, Sophie; Basset, Thierry; Vergnon, Jean-Michel; Pourchez, Jérémie (1 June 2017). "Nicotine delivery from the refill liquid to the aerosol via high-power e-cigarette device". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03008-0. PMC 5453927. PMID 28572636.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19761-w https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9529894/

Figure 1

Main components of the Vype e-cigarette device.

Proposed file name: File:Main components of the Vype e-cigarette device.png

File:Main components of the Vype e-cigarette device.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the main components of the Vype e-cigarette device.
|date=2022-10-03
|source=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19761-w https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9529894/
*{{cite journal|last1=Pinto|first1=M. Isabel|last2=Thissen|first2=J.|last3=Hermes|first3=N.|last4=Cunningham|first4=A.|last5=Digard|first5=H.|last6=Murphy|first6=J.|title=Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology|journal=Scientific Reports|date=3 October 2022|volume=12|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-19761-w|pmc=9529894|pmid=36192548}}
|author=M Isabel Pinto, J Thissen, N Hermes, A Cunningham, H Digard, and J Murphy
|permission='''Open Access''' This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-19761-w#rightslink]
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^[1]

References

↑ Pinto, M. Isabel; Thissen, J.; Hermes, N.; Cunningham, A.; Digard, H.; Murphy, J. (3 October 2022). "Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19761-w. PMC 9529894. PMID 36192548.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19627-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5799303/

Figure 1

Test product schematics and experimental design summary.

Proposed file name: File:Test product schematics and experimental design summary.png

File:Test product schematics and experimental design summary.png

{{Information
|description=The figures shows the test product schematics and experimental design summary. ('''A''') Cross section schematic representation of the 3 test products used in this study: 3R4F reference combustible cigarette; THP1.0 having a slim size tobacco consumable inserted in the heating device with the peripheral heating components and THS having a king size tobacco consumable with a centrally positioned heating blade. ('''B''') Aerosol exposure chambers with the cell inserts position (Figure adapted from Haswell et al.13). ('''C''') RNA-seq experimental design. MucilAirTM (donor MD059401) reconstituted airway tissues were exposed to aerosols from 3R4F, THP1.0, THS and to air at the indicated dilutions (Figure adapted from Haswell ''et al''.13). The media in the exposure chambers were collected for nicotine quantification at the end of the exposure. Following 24 and 48 hrs post-exposure, MucilAirTM tissues were assessed for functional endpoints and RNA isolated for RNA-seq. A minimum of 3 independent repeats were conducted with 3 cell inserts per treatment. ('''D''') Validation of results in multiple MucilAirTM donors by qPCR (Figure adapted from Haswell et al.13). Three different donors (MD048401, MD060201, MD064701) were exposed to aerosols of 3R4F, THP1.0, THS at the shown dilutions, and to air. Three technical replicates were used per donor and treatment. Nicotine was quantified as previously described. Functional endpoints were assessed in MucilAirTM and supernatants collected for cytokine quantification and total RNA extracted for qPCR at 24 hrs post-exposure.
|date=2016-02-05
|source=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19627-0 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5799303/
*{{cite journal|last1=Haswell|first1=Linsey E.|last2=Corke|first2=Sarah|last3=Verrastro|first3=Ivan|last4=Baxter|first4=Andrew|last5=Banerjee|first5=Anisha|last6=Adamson|first6=Jason|last7=Jaunky|first7=Tomasz|last8=Proctor|first8=Christopher|last9=Gaça|first9=Marianna|last10=Minet|first10=Emmanuel|title=In vitro RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics assessment shows reduced biological effect of tobacco heating products when compared to cigarette smoke|journal=Scientific Reports|date=5 February 2018|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-018-19627-0|pmc=5799303|pmid=29402904}}
|author=Linsey E Haswell, Sarah Corke, Ivan Verrastro, Andrew Baxter, Anisha Banerjee, Jason Adamson, Tomasz Jaunky, Christopher Proctor, Marianna Gaça, and Emmanuel Minet 
|permission='''Open Access''' This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19627-0#rightslink]
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^[1]

References

↑ Haswell, Linsey E.; Corke, Sarah; Verrastro, Ivan; Baxter, Andrew; Banerjee, Anisha; Adamson, Jason; Jaunky, Tomasz; Proctor, Christopher; Gaça, Marianna; Minet, Emmanuel (5 February 2018). "In vitro RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics assessment shows reduced biological effect of tobacco heating products when compared to cigarette smoke". Scientific Reports. 8 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19627-0. PMC 5799303. PMID 29402904.

Discussion

Table 1

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11107 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8583527/

Table 1.

List of flavoring chemicals and their characteristics.

Proposed file name: File:The table presents a list of 30 flavoring chemicals and their characteristics that have been detected in e-liquids.png

File:The table presents a list of 30 flavoring chemicals and their characteristics that have been detected in e-liquids.png

{{Information
|description=The table presents a list of 30 flavoring chemicals and their characteristics that have been detected in e-liquids.
|date=2021-10-22
|source=https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11107 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8583527/
*{{cite journal|last1=Morris|first1=Anna M.|last2=Leonard|first2=Stephen S.|last3=Fowles|first3=Jefferson R.|last4=Boots|first4=Theresa E.|last5=Mnatsakanova|first5=Anna|last6=Attfield|first6=Kathleen R.|title=Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|date=22 October 2021|volume=18|issue=21|pages=11107|doi=10.3390/ijerph182111107|pmc=8583527|pmid=34769627}}
|author=Anna M Morris, Stephen S Leonard, Jefferson R Fowles, Theresa E Boots, Anna Mnatsakanova, and Kathleen R Attfield 
|permission=This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).[https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/21/11107]
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^[1]

References

↑ Morris, Anna M.; Leonard, Stephen S.; Fowles, Jefferson R.; Boots, Theresa E.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Attfield, Kathleen R. (22 October 2021). "Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (21): 11107. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111107. PMC 8583527. PMID 34769627.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Anna M Morris, Stephen S Leonard, Jefferson R Fowles, Theresa E Boots, Anna Mnatsakanova, and Kathleen R Attfield available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Fig. 2

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-020-00075-y https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7541606/

Fig. 2. Structural representation of a typical configuration of a vape (ENNDS) device illustrating the mode of administration of flavour.

Proposed file name: File:Structural representation of a typical configuration of a non-nicotine vape device, which illustrates the mode of administration of flavor.png

File:Structural representation of a typical configuration of a non-nicotine vape device, which illustrates the mode of administration of flavor.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the structural representation of a typical configuration of a non-nicotine vape device, which illustrates the mode of administration of flavor. The set-up consists of a battery, sensor, atomizer, coil, and a refill tank. The blue arrow represents the aerosol generated, which is inhaled directly into the lungs. The perception of flavor is retronasal and occurs predominantly during the exhalation of the aerosol. During these processes, a large part of the solvent aerosols containing the different flavorings adhere to the mucosal membranes along the surface area of the respiratory system.
|date=2020-10-07
|source=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-020-00075-y https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7541606/
*{{cite journal|last1=Dinu|first1=Vlad|last2=Kilic|first2=Azad|last3=Wang|first3=Qingqi|last4=Ayed|first4=Charfedinne|last5=Fadel|first5=Abdulmannan|last6=Harding|first6=Stephen E.|last7=Yakubov|first7=Gleb E.|last8=Fisk|first8=Ian D.|title=Policy, toxicology and physicochemical considerations on the inhalation of high concentrations of food flavour|journal=npj Science of Food|date=7 October 2020|volume=4|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41538-020-00075-y|pmc=7541606|pmid=33083547}}
|author=Vlad Dinu, Azad Kilic, Qingqi Wang, Charfedinne Ayed, Abdulmannan Fadel, Stephen E Harding, Gleb E Yakubov, and Ian D Fisk
|permission='''Open Access''' This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41538-020-00075-y#rightslink]
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^[1]

References

↑ Dinu, Vlad; Kilic, Azad; Wang, Qingqi; Ayed, Charfedinne; Fadel, Abdulmannan; Harding, Stephen E.; Yakubov, Gleb E.; Fisk, Ian D. (7 October 2020). "Policy, toxicology and physicochemical considerations on the inhalation of high concentrations of food flavour". npj Science of Food. 4 (1). doi:10.1038/s41538-020-00075-y. PMC 7541606. PMID 33083547. This article incorporates text by Vlad Dinu, Azad Kilic, Qingqi Wang, Charfedinne Ayed, Abdulmannan Fadel, Stephen E Harding, Gleb E Yakubov, and Ian D Fisk available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7905 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9316101/

Figure 1.

Mechanisms for nicotine in the development of NSCLC.

Proposed file name: File:The figure summarizes the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to the development of non-small-cell lung cancer.png

File:The figure summarizes the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to the development of non-small-cell lung cancer.png

{{Information
|description=The figure summarizes the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to the development of non-small cell lung cancer.
|date=2022-07-18
|source=https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7905 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9316101/
*{{cite journal|last1=Alsharairi|first1=Naser A.|title=Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Proanthocyanidins and Anthocyanins in the Treatment of Nicotine-Induced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|date=18 July 2022|volume=23|issue=14|pages=7905|doi=10.3390/ijms23147905|pmc=9316101|pmid=35887251}}
|author=Naser A Alsharairi
|permission=This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).[https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/14/7905]
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^[1]

References

↑ Alsharairi, Naser A. (18 July 2022). "Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Proanthocyanidins and Anthocyanins in the Treatment of Nicotine-Induced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23 (14): 7905. doi:10.3390/ijms23147905. PMC 9316101. PMID 35887251.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Naser A Alsharairi available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641308/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12417499/

Figure 1.

Major manufacturers of nicotine pouches and their global locations.

Proposed file name: File:Major manufacturers of nicotine pouches and their global locations.png

File:Major manufacturers of nicotine pouches and their global locations.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the major manufacturers of nicotine pouches and their global locations.
|date=2025-08-25
|source=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641308/full https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12417499/
*{{cite journal|last1=Al-Otaibi|first1=Hajed M.|last2=Althobiani|first2=Malik A.|title=Nicotine pouches: a narrative review of the existing literature|journal=Frontiers in Public Health|date=26 August 2025|volume=13|doi=10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641308|pmc=12417499|pmid=40933411}}
|author=Hajed M Al-Otaibi and Malik A Althobiani
|permission=This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY)]. The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641308/full]
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}}

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^[1]

References

↑ Al-Otaibi, Hajed M.; Althobiani, Malik A. (26 August 2025). "Nicotine pouches: a narrative review of the existing literature". Frontiers in Public Health. 13. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1641308. PMC 12417499. PMID 40933411.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Hajed M Al-Otaibi and Malik A Althobiani available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 1

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650279/

Figure 1

Proposed file name: File:Pathways of Inflammatory Signaling Involving E-Cigarette Use.png

File:Pathways of Inflammatory Signaling Involving E-Cigarette Use.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the pathways of inflammatory signaling involving e-cigarette use. E-cigarette aerosols induce the expression of pattern-recognition receptors such as TLR and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1B and TNFα and their respective receptors, particularly in response to menthol-flavored e-cigarettes. In the oral cavity (left part of the figure), e-cigarette aerosol affects the healthy oral microbiota by inhibiting commensals and favoring growth and biofilm formation of cariogenic bacteria, especially in the presence of sweet flavors containing sugar. IL4 suppression further supports colonization with pathogenic bacteria. In human airway epithelial cells (right part of the figure), e-cigarette aerosols also increase inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6 and IL8, secreted by macrophages in response to, for example, cinnamon- and caramel-flavored e-cigarette aerosol containing ethyl maltol. Acrolein, found in e-cigarette aerosols, inhibits the Fc receptor and function of neutrophils. Additionally, exposure to even a 100% propylene glycol e-cigarette liquid without flavors and nicotine results in increased mucus concentration, trapping bacteria and viruses and leading to IL8-mediated inflammation relevant to lung disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
|date=2023-10-31
|source=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650279/
*{{cite journal|last1=Auschwitz|first1=Emily|last2=Almeda|first2=Jasmine|last3=Andl|first3=Claudia D.|title=Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage|journal=Cells|date=31 October 2023|volume=12|issue=21|pages=2552|doi=10.3390/cells12212552|pmc=10650279|pmid=37947630}}
|author=Emily Auschwitz, Jasmine Almeda, and Claudia D. Andl
|permission=This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).[https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]

^[1]

References

↑ Auschwitz, Emily; Almeda, Jasmine; Andl, Claudia D. (31 October 2023). "Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage". Cells. 12 (21): 2552. doi:10.3390/cells12212552. PMC 10650279. PMID 37947630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Emily Auschwitz, Jasmine Almeda, and Claudia D. Andl available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Table 1

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650279/

Table 1.

A comparison of mechanisms of traditional and e-cigarette-induced cell damage and outcome.

Proposed file name: File:A comparison of the mechanisms and outcomes of cell damage caused by traditional cigarettes versus e-cigarettes.png

File:A comparison of the mechanisms and outcomes of cell damage caused by traditional cigarettes versus e-cigarettes.png

{{Information
|description=The table presents a comparison of the mechanisms and outcomes of cell damage caused by traditional cigarettes versus e-cigarettes.
|date=2023-10-31
|source=https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552 https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10650279/
*{{cite journal|last1=Auschwitz|first1=Emily|last2=Almeda|first2=Jasmine|last3=Andl|first3=Claudia D.|title=Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage|journal=Cells|date=31 October 2023|volume=12|issue=21|pages=2552|doi=10.3390/cells12212552|pmc=10650279|pmid=37947630}}
|author=Emily Auschwitz, Jasmine Almeda, and Claudia D. Andl
|permission=This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).[https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/12/21/2552]
|other_versions=
}}

{{cc-by-4.0}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]

^[1]

References

↑ Auschwitz, Emily; Almeda, Jasmine; Andl, Claudia D. (31 October 2023). "Mechanisms of E-Cigarette Vape-Induced Epithelial Cell Damage". Cells. 12 (21): 2552. doi:10.3390/cells12212552. PMC 10650279. PMID 37947630.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Emily Auschwitz, Jasmine Almeda, and Claudia D. Andl available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Discussion

Figure 1

Figure 1. Potential Health Effects of Delta-9 THC and CBD

Proposed file name: File:Potential Health Effects of Delta-9-THC and CBD.pdf

File:Potential Health Effects of Delta-9-THC and CBD.pdf

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the potential health effects of [[:en:tetrahydrocannabinol|delta-9-THC]] and [[:en:cannabidiol|CBD]].
|date=2023-02
|source=https://library.samhsa.gov/product/advisory-cannabidiol-cbd-potential-harm-side-effects-and-unknowns/pep22-06-04-003 https://library.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep22-06-04-003.pdf
|author=United States Environmental Protection Agency
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-USGov-EPA}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Health effects of cannabis]]

^[1]

References

↑ "Cannabidiol (CBD) Potential Harm, Side Effects, and Unknowns" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. February 2023. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Discussion

https://library.samhsa.gov/product/advisory-cannabidiol-cbd-potential-harm-side-effects-and-unknowns/pep22-06-04-003 https://library.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep22-06-04-003.pdf

Upload only Figure 1, not the entire page.

The figure shows a variety of e-cigarette devices

VARIETY OF E-CIGARETTE DEVICES on page 5.

Proposed file name: File:The figure shows a variety of e-cigarette devices.pdf

File:The figure shows a variety of e-cigarette devices.pdf

{{Information
|description=The figure shows a variety of e-cigarette devices.
|date=2020-07
|source=https://library.samhsa.gov/product/reducing-vaping-among-youth-and-young-adults/pep20-06-01-003 https://library.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep20-06-01-003.pdf
|author=United States Environmental Protection Agency
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-USGov-EPA}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]
[[Category:Cannabis]]

^[1]

References

↑ "Reducing Vaping Among Youth and Young Adults" (PDF). United States Environmental Protection Agency. July 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Discussion

https://library.samhsa.gov/product/reducing-vaping-among-youth-and-young-adults/pep20-06-01-003 https://library.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/pep20-06-01-003.pdf

Number of weekly calls to poison centers involving synthetic cannabinoids

FIGURE.

Number of telephone calls to poison centers reporting adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use, by week — National Poison Data System, United States, January–May 2014 and 2015.

Captions: The figure shows weekly calls to poison centers reporting adverse health effects from synthetic cannabinoid use in the United States, based on National Poison Data System data from January–May 2014 and 2015.

Proposed file name: File:Weekly poison center calls reporting adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids NPDS United States January May 2014 2015.png

File:Weekly poison center calls reporting adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoids NPDS United States January May 2014 2015.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the number of telephone calls to poison centers reporting adverse health effects related to synthetic cannabinoid use, by week, in the United States, according to the National Poison Data System, January–May 2014 and 2015.
|date=2015-06-12
|source=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a5.htm https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4584925/#f1-618-619
*{{cite journal|last1=Law|first1=R|last2=Schier|first2=J|last3=Martin|first3=C|last4=Chang|first4=A|last5=Wolkin|first5=A|last6=Centers for Disease Control|first6=(CDC)|title=Notes from the Field: Increase in Reported Adverse Health Effects Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid Use - United States, January-May 2015.|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report|date=12 June 2015|volume=64|issue=22|pages=618-9|pmc=4584925|pmid=26068566}}
|author=Royal Law, Josh Schier, Colleen Martin, Arthur Chang, Amy Wolkin, and the [[:en:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]]
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-USGov-HHS-CDC}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Health effects of cannabis]]

^[1]

References

↑ Law, R; Schier, J; Martin, C; Chang, A; Wolkin, A; Centers for Disease Control, (CDC) (12 June 2015). "Notes from the Field: Increase in Reported Adverse Health Effects Related to Synthetic Cannabinoid Use - United States, January-May 2015". MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 64 (22): 618–9. PMC 4584925. PMID 26068566. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

Discussion

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a5.htm https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4584925/#f1-618-619

Risks from smoking

Risks from smoking:

Captions: The figure shows the risks from smoking. Each condition shown in bold red text and followed by an asterisk (*) is a new disease causally linked to smoking in the 2014 Surgeon General's Report: The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress.

Proposed file name: File:Risks from Smoking-smoking can damage every part of the body.png

File:Risks from Smoking-smoking can damage part of the body.png

or...

Proposed file name: File:Risks from Smoking-smoking can damage every part of the body.pdf

File:Risks from Smoking-smoking can damage part of the body.pdf

{{Information
|description=The figure shows the [[:en:health effects of tobacco|health consequences of smoking]]. It states that [[:en:tobacco smoking|smoking]] can damage every part of the body, [[:en:causes of cancer#Smoking|causing cancers]] such as those of the [[:en:nasopharyngeal carcinoma|oropharynx]], [[:en:laryngeal cancer|larynx]], [[:en:esophageal cancer|esophagus]], trachea, bronchus, [[:en:lung cancer|lung]], [[:en:stomach cancer|stomach]], [[:en:liver cancer|liver]], [[:en:pancreatic cancer|pancreas]], [[:en:kidney cancer|kidney]] and [[:en:ureteral cancer|ureter]], [[:en:cervical cancer|cervix]], [[:en:bladder cancer|bladder]], [[:en:colorectal cancer|colorectal region]], and even [[:en:acute myeloid leukemia|acute myeloid leukemia]].</br>It can also lead to [[:en:chronic condition|chronic diseases]] including [[:en:stroke|stroke]], [[:en:vision impairment|blindness]], [[:en:cataract|cataracts]], [[:en:macular degeneration|age-related macular degeneration]], [[:en:birth defect|congenital defects]] from [[:en:Smoking and pregnancy|maternal smoking]] like [[:en:cleft lip and cleft palate|orofacial clefts]], [[:en:periodontal disease|periodontitis]], [[:en:aortic aneurysm|aortic aneurysm]] and [[:en:atherosclerosis|early abdominal aortic atherosclerosis in young adults]], [[:en:coronary artery disease|coronary heart disease]], [[:en:pneumonia|pneumonia]], [[:en:peripheral artery disease|atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease]], [[:en:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[:en:tuberculosis|tuberculosis]], [[:en:asthma|asthma]] and other [[:en:respiratory disease|respiratory effects]], [[:en:diabetes|diabetes]], [[:en:female genital disease|reproductive problems in women]] including [[:en:female infertility|reduced fertility]], [[:en:hip fracture|hip fractures]], [[:en:ectopic pregnancy|ectopic pregnancy]], [[:en:sexual function|male sexual function]] issues such as [[:en:erectile dysfunction|erectile dysfunction]], [[:en:rheumatoid arthritis|rheumatoid arthritis]], [[:en:immune system|immune function]] impairment, and overall [[:en:health|diminished health]].</br>Each [[:en:disease|condition]] presented in bold red text and followed by an asterisk (*) represents a new disease [[:en:causality|causally linked]] to smoking in the 2014 [[:en:Surgeon General of the United States|Surgeon General]]'s Report: [https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/21569 The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress].
|date=30, January 2014; modified: 9, May 2017
|source=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45784
*{{cite web|url=https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45784|title=Risks from smoking|author=National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention Health Promotion (US). Office on Smoking Health|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=9 May 2017}}
|author=The [[:en:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]'s [https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/programs/index.html Office on Smoking and Health] (OSH), part of the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP)
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-USGov-HHS-CDC}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]

Discussion

A newer version can be found here. Both versions are top quality diagrams.

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45784 https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/45784/cdc_45784_DS1.pdf

FDA image

Canister (a)

Proposed file name:Nicotine Pouch Canister with Nicotine Pouches Inside.png

File:Nicotine Pouch Canister with Nicotine Pouches Inside.png

{{Information
|description=The figure shows a nicotine pouch canister with nicotine pouches inside.
|date=2025-06-17
|source=https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/other-tobacco-products
|author=United States Food and Drug Administration
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

{{PD-USGov-FDA}}
{{LicenseReview}}

[[Category:Nicotine pouches]]

^[1]

References

↑ "Other Tobacco Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. 17 June 2025.

Discussion

https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/other-tobacco-products Only upload the canister with the nicotine pouches without the (a) in the image. The (a) will have to be removed from the image.

The purpose of this image is to create a GIF like this, but specifically for the pouches. The wording for the third diagram in the GIF will be changed so that it applies directly to nicotine pouches.

Almost done

                     __====-_  _-====__
              _--^^^#####//      \\#####^^^--_
            -^##########// (    ) \\##########^-
          _/############// |\^^/|  \\############\_
         /#############((   \  /   ))#############\
        -###############\\  (oo)  //###############-
       -#################\\  \/  //#################-
      -###################\\    //###################-
    _#/|##########/\######(  /\  )######/\##########|\#_
    |/ |#/\#/\#/\/  \#/\##\  \/  /##/\#/  \/\#/\#/\#| \|
    `  |/  V  V  `   V  \#\|    |/#/  V   '  V  V  \|  '
       `   `  `      `   / |    | \   '      '  '   '
                        (  |    |  )
                       __\ |    | /__
                      (vvv(V====V)vvv)

                              ______________
                         ,===:'.,            `-._
                              `:.`---.__         `-._
                                `:.     `--.         `.
                                  \.        `.         `.
                          (,,(,    \.         `.   ____,-`.,
                       (,'     `/   \.   ,--.___`.'
                   ,  ,'  ,--.  `,   \.;'         `
                    `{D, {    \  :    \;
                      V,,'    /  /    //
                      j;;    /  ,' ,-//.    ,---.      ,
                      \;'   /  ,' /  _  \  /  _  \   ,'/
                            \   `'  / \  `'  / \  `.' /
                             `.___,'   `.__,'   `.__,'

           ~~~ mighty wings fold over mountain ridges ~~~

   A
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   T

   D
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 T
 E
  
 E
 M
 P
 T
 Y

 M
 O
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 R
 E
 Q
 U
 E
 S
 T
 S
  
 B
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 L
 O
 W

E M P T Y .

Energic

Mindful

Patient

Trustworthy

Youthful

               __====-_  _-====__                 ✦✦✦
         _--^^^#####//      \\#####^^^--_        ✧ ✦ ✧
      _-^##########// (    ) \\##########^-_     .  ✦  .
     -############//  |\^^/|  \\############-    ✨  ★  ✨
   _/############//   (@::@)   \\############\_      *     
  /#############((     \\//     ))#############\       .     
 -###############\\    (oo)    //###############-     ✦✦   
-#################\\  / VV \  //#################-   ✧  ✧

-###################\\/ \//###################- . ✨ _#/|##########/\######( /\ )######/\##########|\#_ * |/ |#/\#/\#/\/ \#/\##\ | | /##/\#/ \/\#/\#/\| \| ✦ ✧ ` |/ V V ` V \#\| | | |/#/ V ' V V \| ' .

  `   `  `      `   / | |  | | \   '      '  '   '       ✨  
                   (  | |  | |  )                ✦ ✧ ✦  
                  __\ | |  | | /__           .      *      
                 (vvv(VVV)(VVV)vvv)        ✧    ✦    ✧

           ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~
        .       .    ✦     .    ✧    .    ✦     .     .
      .    ✦    .   ✧   .   ✦    .   ✨   .    ✧    .   .
     .  ✧   .    .    .    ✦    .    .    .   ✦   .  ✧  .
       .    .   ✦   .    .   ✨   .    ✦    .    .    .  
          .      .     ✦    .    .    ✧    .      .     
           ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~  ~*~

  <<<<<  shimmering aura  >>>>>     ~ motion trails ~
    ↘↘↘    ✨✨✨    ↗↗↗        //\\   //\\   //\\   //\\
     \\\  ✦   ✦  ///         || ||  || ||  || ||  || ||
      \\\  ✧  ///          ==[==]==[==]==[==]==[==]==
       ``'`'`             ~~~~~  ~~~~~  ~~~~~  ~~~~~

Non-upload requests

License requires clarification

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine_and_cancer.gif

Text in first diagram:
{{cc-by-4.0}}
All other content:
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

Discussion

Similar file

May not be considered a duplicate file. Tagging jpg file as a duplicate may not get it deleted.

|author=United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products (part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

or...

|author=United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Tobacco Products (part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services)

Which license is best:

{{PD-USGov-FDA}}

{{PD-USGov-HHS}}

File information discussion

The United States Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Tobacco Products (CTP) is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The FDA itself is an agency within HHS, and the CTP is one of its specialized centers, responsible for regulating the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of tobacco products to protect public health.

The two images use different licenses, and I’m unsure which one is most appropriate to use in this case.

Discussion

Licensing

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Veterans_and_Substance_Abuse_Treatment_(22905708835).jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration_text_logo.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration_logo.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Substance_Abuse_and_Mental_Health_Services_Administration_logo.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mental_Health_in_the_United_States_(22619804220).png

Content and images from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration are currently using different licenses.

The following changes the license:

{{PD-USGov-HHS}}

I think the specific license PD-USGov-HHS is the correct license for all the images. Some are using the correct license, but others are not.

See "The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is the agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services that leads public health efforts to advance the behavioral health of the nation."[1]

The bots are updating the files based upon the non-specific public domain license.[2][3]

Discussion

Page moves needed

New files names gallery:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%87%E3%83%90%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9.jpg -- > File:Ploom TECH Device.jpg

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heat-not-burn_tobacco_system.png -- > File:Heated tobacco product system.png

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heat-not-burn_tobacco_products_being_aerosolized_by_a_testing_machine.jpg --> File:Heated tobacco products being aerosolized by a testing machine.jpg

Replace the category "Smoking machines"[4] with "Category:Heated tobacco products".

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vape-cloud-montage.jpeg --> File:Vape-cloud-montage-scaled 1.jpg The reason for moving this file is to maintain a consistent naming convention with other montages in this field.

Discussion

File

I want a new file created on Commons like Factual accuracy on Commons:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Template:Factual_accuracy

This file contains original research and misleading content.

Discussion

Future requests

Image may not be copyrighted content

Not done - This will be done later.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Undeletion_requests#Temporary_undeletion - Needs to be undeleted to upload a new version without any potential copyright violation. However, I believe it was a mistake to delete this image. There were minimal designs on the boxes.

See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BF%D0%B0.jpg

File:Жижа для вейпа.jpg

Once an image is restored the copyrighted content needs to be removed. After a file is redone the image history will need to be deleted.

The deleted images below in red links can be restored if the copyrighted content is removed.

Replace all the brand logos, pictures, or designs with plain text such as using just the word e-liquid for each bottle or box.

This image may not be copyrighted content. It was just mainly names on each bottle or box. A request to undelete needs to be made at Commons.

Discussion

Create a new file under a new file name

Not done - I want to replace some of the listing using Drugs.com with better sources. This file should be created later.

Captions This diagram lists the potential side effects of nicotine on the human body.

Proposed file name: Potential Side Effects of Nicotine.png

The diagonal line pointing to Circulation needs to be extended upward to make room for the additional content. It should be the same height as the category Central at the upper right side.

Circulation: Increased clotting tendency --> Promotes blood clot formation

Replace Lightheadedness with Pounding in the ears

Replace Pain with Potential acute pain relief, while increased risk of chronic pain

Remove the period (.) at the end of "Increased blood pressure." and replace it with Transient increase in blood pressure

Replace High insulin with Increased blood sugar

Replace More (or less) arrhythmias with Arrhythmias

Under Heart category: Add Transient increase in arterial stiffness

Moved the entry - Metastasis one down, then add above it: - Cancer (reportedly connected)

The part "risks to child later in life" should be on the same line rather than split into two lines to make room for the last new entry below.

Add - Cancer (potentially connected) after the entry Infertility at the bottom right-hand corner.

== {{int:filedesc}} ==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=This diagram depicts the potential [[:en:side effect|side effects]] of [[:en:nicotine|nicotine]].)
|date=2026-04-31
|source={{own based|File:Side effects of nicotine.png}}
|author=[[User:|]]
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}

== {{int:license-header}} ==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Tobacco-related graphics]]
[[Category:Women's health]]
[[Category:Health effects of tobacco]]
[[Category:Nicotine]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

== List format ==

Circulation:
* Promotes blood clot formation<ref name=ERS2021>{{cite web|url=https://www.ersnet.org/news-and-features/news/e-cigarettes-nicotine-blood-clotting-blood-vessels/|title=E-cigarettes containing nicotine cause blood clotting and make small blood vessels less adaptable|publisher=European Respiratory Society|date=6 September 2021}}</ref>
* Atherosclerosis<ref name=Schraufnage2014>{{cite journal|last1=Schraufnagel|first1=Dean E.|last2=Blasi|first2=Francesco|last3=Drummond|first3=M. Bradley|last4=Lam|first4=David C. L.|last5=Latif|first5=Ehsan|last6=Rosen|first6=Mark J.|last7=Sansores|first7=Raul|last8=Van Zyl-Smit|first8=Richard|title=Electronic Cigarettes. A Position Statement of the Forum of International Respiratory Societies|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=190|issue=6|date=15 September 2014|pages=611–618|issn=1073-449X|doi=10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP|pmid=25006874|url=https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1164/rccm.201407-1198PP}}</ref>
* Enlargement of the aorta<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>

Lungs:
* Bronchospasm<ref name=Dorotheo2024/>

Muscular:
* Tremor<ref name=Schep2009>{{cite journal|last1=Schep|first1=Leo J.|last2=Slaughter|first2=Robin J.|last3=Beasley|first3=D. Michael G.|title=Nicotinic plant poisoning|journal=Clinical Toxicology|date=September 2009|volume=47|issue=8|pages=771–781|doi=10.1080/15563650903252186|pmid=19778187}}</ref>
* Potential acute pain relief, while increased risk of chronic pain<ref name=Bakhshaie2025>{{cite journal|last1=Bakhshaie|first1=Jafar|last2=LaRowe|first2=Lisa R.|last3=Choukas|first3=Nathaniel R.|last4=Aneja|first4=Arun|last5=Ly|first5=Thuan V.|last6=Zvolensky|first6=Michael J.|last7=Ditre|first7=Joseph W.|title=Nicotine, tobacco smoking, and pain in orthopedic trauma settings: a conceptual framework for practice and research|journal=Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery|date=30 June 2025|volume=145|issue=1|doi=10.1007/s00402-025-05963-0|pmid=40586842}}</ref>

Gastrointestinal:
* Nausea<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Dry mouth<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Dyspepsia<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Diarrhea<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Heartburn<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Peptic ulcer<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Cancer (reportedly connected)<ref name=Grando2014>{{cite journal|last1=Grando|first1=Sergei A.|title=Connections of nicotine to cancer|journal=Nature Reviews Cancer|date=June 2014|volume=14|issue=6|pages=419–429|doi=10.1038/nrc3725|pmid=24827506}}</ref><ref name=Rao2023>{{cite journal|last1=Rao|first1=Zihan|last2=Xu|first2=Yuqin|last3=He|first3=Zihan|last4=Wang|first4=Juan|last5=Ji|first5=Huanhong|last6=Zhang|first6=Zhongwei|last7=Zhou|first7=Jianming|last8=Zhou|first8=Tong|last9=Wang|first9=Huai|title=Carcinogenicity of nicotine and signal pathways in cancer progression: a review|journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters|date=November 2023|volume=22|issue=1|pages=239–272|doi=10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1}}</ref>
* Metastasis<ref name=SchaalChellappan2014>{{cite journal|last1=Schaal|first1=C.|last2=Chellappan|first2=S. P.|title=Nicotine-Mediated Cell Proliferation and Tumor Progression in Smoking-Related Cancers|journal=Molecular Cancer Research|volume=12|issue=1|date=16 January 2014|pages=14–23|issn=1541-7786|doi=10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0541|pmc=3915512|pmid=24398389}}</ref><ref name=Hatta2024>{{cite journal|last1=Hatta|first1=Waku|last2=Koike|first2=Tomoyuki|last3=Asano|first3=Naoki|last4=Hatayama|first4=Yutaka|last5=Ogata|first5=Yohei|last6=Saito|first6=Masahiro|last7=Jin|first7=Xiaoyi|last8=Uno|first8=Kaname|last9=Imatani|first9=Akira|last10=Masamune|first10=Atsushi|title=The Impact of Tobacco Smoking and Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gastric Cancers|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|date=18 July 2024|volume=25|issue=14|pages=7854|doi=10.3390/ijms25147854|pmc=11276971|pmid=39063094}}</ref>

Joint pain<ref name=Drugs.com/>

Central:
* Pounding in the ears<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Headache<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Sleep disturbances<ref name=Jähne2010>{{cite journal|last1=Jähne|first1=A.|last2=Cohrs|first2=S.|last3=Rodenbeck|first3=A.|last4=Andreas|first4=S.|last5=Loessl|first5=B.|last6=Feige|first6=B.|last7=Kloepfer|first7=C.|last8=Hornyak|first8=M.|last9=Riemann|first9=D.|title=Nikotin: Einfluss auf den Schlaf und Relevanz für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie|journal=Der Nervenarzt|date=July 2010|volume=81|issue=7|pages=844–859|doi=10.1007/s00115-009-2926-7|pmid=20182857}}</ref>
* Abnormal dreams<ref name=Drugs.com/>
* Irritability<ref name=NCI2022>{{cite web|url=https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/withdrawal-fact-sheet|title=Handling Nicotine Withdrawal and Triggers When You Decide To Quit Tobacco|publisher=National Cancer Institute|date=3 January 2022}}</ref>
* Dizziness<ref name=Carstens2022>{{cite journal|last1=Carstens|first1=Earl|last2=Carstens|first2=M Iodi|title=Sensory Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco|journal=Nicotine & Tobacco Research|date=14 February 2022|volume=24|issue=3|pages=306–315|doi=10.1093/ntr/ntab086|pmc=8842437|pmid=33955474}}</ref>
* Risk of blood restriction<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>

Heart:
* Increased or decreased heart rate<ref name=Drugs.com>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/sfx/nicotine-side-effects.html|title=Nicotine Side Effects|publisher=[[:en:Drugs.com|Drugs.com]]|date=23 August 2025}}</ref>
* Transient increase in blood pressure<ref name=Bhatnagar2014/>
* Tachycardia<ref name=Dorotheo2024/>
* Arrhythmias<ref name=Dorotheo2024>{{cite journal|last1=Dorotheo|first1=E. Ulysses|last2=Arora|first2=Monika|last3=Banerjee|first3=Amitava|last4=Bianco|first4=Eduardo|last5=Cheah|first5=Nuan Ping|last6=Dalmau|first6=Regina|last7=Eissenberg|first7=Thomas|last8=Hasegawa|first8=Koji|last9=Naidoo|first9=Pamela|last10=Nazir|first10=Noreen T.|last11=Newby|first11=L. Kristin|last12=Obeidat|first12=Nour|last13=Skipalskyi|first13=Andrii|last14=Stępińska|first14=Janina|last15=Willett|first15=Jeffrey|last16=Wang|first16=Yunshu|title=Nicotine and Cardiovascular Health: When Poison is Addictive – a WHF Policy Brief|journal=Global Heart|date=31 January 2024|volume=19|issue=1|doi=10.5334/gh.1292|pmc=10836189|pmid=38312998}}</ref>
* Coronary artery constriction<ref name=Bhatnagar2014/>
* Coronary artery disease<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Transient increase in arterial stiffness<ref name=Doonan2010>{{cite journal|last1=Doonan|first1=Robert J|last2=Hausvater|first2=Anais|last3=Scallan|first3=Ciaran|last4=Mikhailidis|first4=Dimitri P|last5=Pilote|first5=Louise|last6=Daskalopoulou|first6=Stella S|title=The effect of smoking on arterial stiffness|journal=Hypertension Research|date=May 2010|volume=33|issue=5|pages=398–410|doi=10.1038/hr.2010.25|pmid=20379189}}</ref>

Hormonal:
* Increased blood sugar<ref name=CDC2024>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/risk-factors/diabetes-and-smoking.html|title=Diabetes and Smoking|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=15 May 2024}}</ref>
* Insulin resistance<ref name=Bhatnagar2014>{{cite journal|last1=Bhatnagar|first1=A.|last2=Whitsel|first2=L. P.|last3=Ribisl|first3=K. M.|last4=Bullen|first4=C.|last5=Chaloupka|first5=F.|last6=Piano|first6=M. R.|last7=Robertson|first7=R. M.|last8=McAuley|first8=T.|last9=Goff|first9=D.|last10=Benowitz|first10=N.|title=Electronic Cigarettes: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association|journal=Circulation|date=24 August 2014|volume=130|issue=16|pages=1418–1436|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000107|pmid=25156991}}</ref>

During pregnancy, risks to child later in life:
* Type 2 diabetes<ref name=White2022/>
* Obesity<ref name=White2022>{{cite journal|last1=White|first1=Olivia|last2=Roeder|first2=Nicole|last3=Blum|first3=Kenneth|last4=Eiden|first4=Rina D.|last5=Thanos|first5=Panayotis K.|title=Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|date=2 August 2022|volume=19|issue=15|pages=9477|doi=10.3390/ijerph19159477|pmc=9368674|pmid=35954830}}</ref>
* Hypertension<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Neurobehavioral defects<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Respiratory dysfunction<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Infertility<ref name=Schraufnage2014/>
* Cancer (potentially connected)<ref name=Gould2023>{{cite journal|last1=Gould|first1=Thomas J.|title=Epigenetic and long-term effects of nicotine on biology, behavior, and health|journal=Pharmacological Research|date=June 2023|volume=192|pages=106741|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106741|pmid=37149116}}</ref><ref name=Sansone2023>{{cite journal|last1=Sansone|first1=Luigi|last2=Milani|first2=Francesca|last3=Fabrizi|first3=Riccardo|last4=Belli|first4=Manuel|last5=Cristina|first5=Mario|last6=Zagà|first6=Vincenzo|last7=de Iure|first7=Antonio|last8=Cicconi|first8=Luca|last9=Bonassi|first9=Stefano|last10=Russo|first10=Patrizia|title=Nicotine: From Discovery to Biological Effects|journal=[[International Journal of Molecular Sciences]]|date=26 September 2023|volume=24|issue=19|pages=14570|doi=10.3390/ijms241914570|pmc=10572882|pmid=37834017}}</ref>

Symptoms excluded are those linked to a specific route of nicotine administration where factors other than nicotine may play a role. Also excluded are very rare symptoms, as well as those that only occur in combination with another uncommon condition.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Discussion

Several entries appear to fail verification, including under the Hormonal listing. Even the first listing (Increased clotting tendency) using this source fails verification. A few others require minor rewording or could likewise be considered failed verification content. However, ail the entries I originally proposed and were included back in 2015 pass verification. Both files in their current form should not be included in any article. It is against Commons policy to make significant changes to existing files.

Several entries failed verification with using this source. This new file will not be in the public domain like its predecessors and will contain only verifiable content. The creator of the file rejected my additional improvements. I was confused, then I found this comment to my horror. The problems have been known for quite some time. The problems started with misinformation published on Drugs.com back in 2009.

Nicotine pouch GIF

Not done - This proposal is on hold until I cand find an editor to upload the canister.

Step 1:

Instead of the blue guy, use canister (a).[5]

File:Nicotine Pouch Canister with Nicotine Pouches Inside.png

Use this canister to replace the blue figure.

Step 2:

The third diagram in this GIF must be replaced with the following text: Researchers have discovered that, along with nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hazardous chromium and formaldehyde are present in some nicotine pouch products.

Nicotine is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation and may stimulate cancer development and growth. It may cause bladder, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, head and neck including nasopharynx, tongue and oral cavity, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Researchers have discovered that, along with nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hazardous chromium and formaldehyde are present in some nicotine pouch products.

Nicotine is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation and may stimulate cancer development and growth.^[1] It may cause bladder, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, head and neck including nasopharynx, tongue and oral cavity, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers.^[2] Researchers have discovered that, along with nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hazardous chromium and formaldehyde are present in some nicotine pouch products.^[3]

References

↑ Effah, Felix; Taiwo, Benjamin; Baines, Deborah; Bailey, Alexis; Marczylo, Tim (3 October 2022). "Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 25 (7): 343–371. doi:10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563. PMC 9590402. PMID 36154615. This article incorporates text by Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
↑ Rao, Zihan; Xu, Yuqin; He, Zihan; Wang, Juan; Ji, Huanhong; Zhang, Zhongwei; Zhou, Jianming; Zhou, Tong; Wang, Huai (November 2023). "Carcinogenicity of nicotine and signal pathways in cancer progression: a review". Environmental Chemistry Letters. 22 (1): 239–272. doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1.
↑ Ye, Dongxia; Rahman, Irfan (10 February 2023). "Emerging Oral Nicotine Products and Periodontal Diseases". International Journal of Dentistry. 2023: 1–7. doi:10.1155/2023/9437475. PMC 9937772. PMID 36819641.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Proposed file name for GIF: File:Nicotine Pouches and Cancer.gif

Captions for new GIF: Nicotine pouches and cancer GIF

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1='''First diagram''': [[:en:Nicotine|Nicotine]] is a potent stimulator of [[:en:cell proliferation|cell proliferation]] and may stimulate cancer [[:en:tumor promotion|development]] and [[:en:tumor progression|growth]]. '''Second diagram''': Nicotine may cause [[:en:bladder cancer|bladder]], [[:en:breast cancer|breast]], [[:en:cervical cancer|cervical]], [[:en:colorectal cancer|colon]], [[:en:stomach cancer|gastric]], [[:en:head and neck cancer|head and neck]] including [[:en:nasopharyngeal carcinoma|nasopharynx]], [[:en:oral cancer|tongue and oral cavity]], [[:en:lung cancer|lung]], [[:en:liver cancer|liver]], and [[:en:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic]] cancers. '''Third diagram''': Researchers have discovered that, along with nicotine and [[:en:tobacco-specific nitrosamines|tobacco-specific nitrosamines]], [[:en:toxicant|hazardous]] [[:en:chromium|chromium]] and [[:en:formaldehyde|formaldehyde]] are present in some [[:en:nicotine pouch|nicotine pouch products]].}}
|date=2026-04-31
|source=The text is licensed under [[:en:Creative Commons|Creative Commons]] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en Attribution 4.0 International] using [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563 this source] for the first diagram, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine_and_cancer.gif copied work from another file] based upon [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1 this source] for the text in the second diagram, and own work based upon [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1155/2023/9437475 this source] for the text in the third diagram.
*{{cite journal|last1=Effah|first1=Felix|last2=Taiwo|first2=Benjamin|last3=Baines|first3=Deborah|last4=Bailey|first4=Alexis|last5=Marczylo|first5=Tim|title=Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review|journal=Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B|date=3 October 2022|volume=25|issue=7|pages=343–371|doi=10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563|pmc=9590402|pmid=36154615}} The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) is being used for the text authored by Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo using [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563 this source] for the first diagram.
*{{cite journal|last1=Rao|first1=Zihan|last2=Xu|first2=Yuqin|last3=He|first3=Zihan|last4=Wang|first4=Juan|last5=Ji|first5=Huanhong|last6=Zhang|first6=Zhongwei|last7=Zhou|first7=Jianming|last8=Zhou|first8=Tong|last9=Wang|first9=Huai|title=Carcinogenicity of nicotine and signal pathways in cancer progression: a review|journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters|date=November 2023|volume=22|issue=1|pages=239–272|doi=10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Ye|first1=Dongxia|last2=Rahman|first2=Irfan|title=Emerging Oral Nicotine Products and Periodontal Diseases|journal=International Journal of Dentistry|date=10 February 2023|volume=2023|pages=1–7|doi=10.1155/2023/9437475|pmc=9937772|pmid=36819641}}
|author=Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo for the text in the first diagram; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine_and_cancer.gif copied work from another file] for the text in the second diagram; other content authored by [[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
Text in first diagram:
{{cc-by-4.0}}
All other content:
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Nicotine]]
[[Category:Carcinogens]]
[[Category:Cancers]]
[[Category:Nicotine pouches]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animated GIF files]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

Discussion

Turn it into a GIF like this but use the canister nicotine pouch instead of the blue figure. Replace last diagram with: Researchers have discovered that, along with nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, hazardous chromium and formaldehyde are present in some nicotine pouch products.

IQOS smoke and cancer GIF

Not done - This proposal is on hold for now. The IQOS must be extracted from another image first in order to have it available to be used in the GIF.

The third diagram in this GIF must be replaced with the following text: The smoke from an IQOS device contains levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to those of regular cigarettes.

Nicotine is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation and may stimulate cancer development and growth. It may cause bladder, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, head and neck including nasopharynx, tongue and oral cavity, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers. The smoke from an IQOS device contains levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to those of regular cigarettes.

Nicotine is a potent stimulator of cell proliferation and may stimulate cancer development and growth.^[1] It may cause bladder, breast, cervical, colon, gastric, head and neck including nasopharynx, tongue and oral cavity, lung, liver, and pancreatic cancers.^[2] The smoke from an IQOS device contains levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to those of regular cigarettes.^[3]

References

↑ Effah, Felix; Taiwo, Benjamin; Baines, Deborah; Bailey, Alexis; Marczylo, Tim (3 October 2022). "Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B. 25 (7): 343–371. doi:10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563. PMC 9590402. PMID 36154615. This article incorporates text by Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
↑ Rao, Zihan; Xu, Yuqin; He, Zihan; Wang, Juan; Ji, Huanhong; Zhang, Zhongwei; Zhou, Jianming; Zhou, Tong; Wang, Huai (November 2023). "Carcinogenicity of nicotine and signal pathways in cancer progression: a review". Environmental Chemistry Letters. 22 (1): 239–272. doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1.
↑ Jenssen, Brian P.; Walley, Susan C.; McGrath-Morrow, Sharon A. (2017). "Heat-not-Burn Tobacco Products: Tobacco Industry Claims No Substitute for Science". Pediatrics. 141 (1): e20172383. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2383. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 29233936. S2CID 41704475.

Proposed file name for GIF: File:IQOS smoke and Cancer.gif

Captions for new GIF: IQOS smoke and cancer GIF

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1='''First diagram''': [[:en:Nicotine|Nicotine]] is a potent stimulator of [[:en:cell proliferation|cell proliferation]] and may stimulate cancer [[:en:tumor promotion|development]] and [[:en:tumor progression|growth]]. '''Second diagram''': Nicotine may cause [[:en:bladder cancer|bladder]], [[:en:breast cancer|breast]], [[:en:cervical cancer|cervical]], [[:en:colorectal cancer|colon]], [[:en:stomach cancer|gastric]], [[:en:head and neck cancer|head and neck]] including [[:en:nasopharyngeal carcinoma|nasopharynx]], [[:en:oral cancer|tongue and oral cavity]], [[:en:lung cancer|lung]], [[:en:liver cancer|liver]], and [[:en:pancreatic cancer|pancreatic]] cancers. '''Third diagram''': The smoke from an [[:en:heated tobacco product|IQOS device]] contains levels of nicotine and [[:en:carcinogen|carcinogens]] comparable to those of [[:en:cigarette|regular cigarettes]].}}
|date=2026-04-31
|source=The text is licensed under [[:en:Creative Commons|Creative Commons]] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en Attribution 4.0 International] using [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563 this source] for the first diagram, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine_and_cancer.gif copied work from another file] based upon [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1 this source] for the text in the second diagram, and own work based upon [https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article-abstract/141/1/e20172383/37744/Heat-not-Burn-Tobacco-Products-Tobacco-Industry?redirectedFrom=fulltext this source] for the text in the third diagram.
*{{cite journal|last1=Effah|first1=Felix|last2=Taiwo|first2=Benjamin|last3=Baines|first3=Deborah|last4=Bailey|first4=Alexis|last5=Marczylo|first5=Tim|title=Pulmonary effects of e-liquid flavors: a systematic review|journal=Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B|date=3 October 2022|volume=25|issue=7|pages=343–371|doi=10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563|pmc=9590402|pmid=36154615}} The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) is being used for the text authored by Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo using [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10937404.2022.2124563 this source] for the first diagram.
*{{cite journal|last1=Rao|first1=Zihan|last2=Xu|first2=Yuqin|last3=He|first3=Zihan|last4=Wang|first4=Juan|last5=Ji|first5=Huanhong|last6=Zhang|first6=Zhongwei|last7=Zhou|first7=Jianming|last8=Zhou|first8=Tong|last9=Wang|first9=Huai|title=Carcinogenicity of nicotine and signal pathways in cancer progression: a review|journal=Environmental Chemistry Letters|date=November 2023|volume=22|issue=1|pages=239–272|doi=10.1007/s10311-023-01668-1}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Jenssen|first1=Brian P.|last2=Walley|first2=Susan C.|last3=McGrath-Morrow|first3=Sharon A.|title=Heat-not-Burn Tobacco Products: Tobacco Industry Claims No Substitute for Science|journal=Pediatrics|volume=141|issue=1|year=2017|pages=e20172383|issn=0031-4005|doi=10.1542/peds.2017-2383|pmid=29233936|s2cid=41704475|doi-access=free}}
|author=Felix Effah, Benjamin Taiwo, Deborah Baines, Alexis Bailey, and Tim Marczylo for the text in the first diagram; [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nicotine_and_cancer.gif copied work from another file] for the text in the second diagram; other content authored by [[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
Text in first diagram:
{{cc-by-4.0}}
All other content:
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Nicotine]]
[[Category:Carcinogens]]
[[Category:Cancers]]
[[Category:Heated tobacco products]]
[[Category:IQOS]]
[[Category:Philip Morris International brands]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animated GIF files]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

Discussion

Turn it into a GIF like this but use a heated tobacco products instead of the blue figure. Replace last diagram with: The smoke from an IQOS device contain levels of nicotine and carcinogens comparable to those of regular cigarettes.

Diagrams and illustrations

Move Second-hand aerosol? just one space to the left using the previous version

A previous diagram I worked on took six iterations.

See https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User_talk:QuackGuru/Sand_34#Background and see https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:QuackGuru/Sand_34#Production for current placement of image.

Is it possible just to move the part "Second-hand aerosol?" slightly to the left one space without moving all the other content to the left?

The part "Second-hand aerosol?" looks slightly more inward than "Indoor air quality?".

The text at the bottom left-hand corner seems a bit too much to the left. Please take a look.

Discussion

Missing period at end of sentence in the image

See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vaping_can_cause_acute_lung_injury_and_lung_disease_(no_citation).svg

Discussion

Redo without two-toned color while retaining shadows

See https://mdwiki.org/wiki/User:QuackGuru/Sand_9#Construction

The two-toned color needs to be removed for both images and just keep the shadows for both images. Redoing both just using a solid color like this and keeping the shadows for both would look better.

This one does not have as much white background, especially at the top. A little whiter background may work but would be very difficult to match. A solid color for both and keeping the shadows is easier to complete.
This one has a whiter background and locks way better.

Redo these two images above without the two-toned color and replace with a solid color and shadows

Discussion

Vaping cannabinoid oil and the formation of dangerous or carcinogenic chemicals.gif

File:Vaping cannabinoid oil and the formation of dangerous or carcinogenic chemicals.gif

File name: Vaping cannabinoid oil and the formation of dangerous or carcinogenic chemicals.gif

File name: Vaping cannabinoid oil and the formation of dangerous or carcinogenic chemicals.gif Five seconds per image.

First diagram

Elevated temperatures are needed to aerosolize the tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) present in cannabinoid oil.

Second diagram:

Consequently, vaping devices may need to operate at a stronger power setting compared to those used for traditional e-liquids in order to get the preferred effect.

Third diagram

At these elevated temperatures, the e-liquid ingredients undergo pyrolysis, which leads to the formation of dangerous or carcinogenic chemicals.

{{Information
|description={{en|1='''First diagram''': Elevated temperatures are needed to [[:en:aerosolization|aerosolize]] the [[:en:tetrahydrocannabinol|tetrahydrocannabinol]] (THC) present in [[:en:cannabinoid|cannabinoid oil]]. '''Second diagram''': Consequently, [[:en:vaping|vaping devices]] may need to operate at a stronger power setting compared to those used for [[:en:construction of electronic cigarettes#E-cigarette liquid|traditional e-liquids]] in order to get the preferred effect. '''Third diagram''': At these elevated temperatures, the e-liquid ingredients undergo [[:en:pyrolysis|pyrolysis]], which leads to the formation of [[:en:toxicant|dangerous]] or [[:en:carcinogen|carcinogenic]] chemicals.}}
|date=2026-03-31
|source={{own}} based upon the following source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32726146/. In addition, a modified e-cigarette device from the bottom of [[:File:Ijerph ecig construction.jpg]] was used.
*{{cite journal|last1=McAlinden|first1=Kielan Darcy|last2=Eapen|first2=Mathew Suji|last3=Lu|first3=Wenying|last4=Sharma|first4=Pawan|last5=Sohal|first5=Sukhwinder Singh|title=The rise of electronic nicotine delivery systems and the emergence of electronic-cigarette-driven disease|journal=American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology|volume=319|issue=4|date=1 October 2020|pages=L585–L595|issn=1040-0605|doi=10.1152/ajplung.00160.2020|pmid=32726146}}
|author=[[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Carcinogens]]
[[Category:Pyrolysis]]
[[Category:Health effects of cannabis]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animated GIF files]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

The text will have to be smaller to accommodate the additional text.

"In addition, a modified e-cigarette device from the bottom of File:Ijerph ecig construction.jpg was used." I'm not sure the best place to add this sentence. Of the device is not changed in any way the word modified should be removed.

Discussion

Vaping dangers.gif

File:Vaping dangers.gif

File name: Vaping dangers.gif

File name: Vaping dangers.gif Five seconds per image.

First diagram

Regulated US Food and Drug Administration products such as nicotine inhalers may be safer than e-cigarettes, but e-cigarettes are generally seen as safer than combustible tobacco products.

Second diagram:

The short-term health effects of e-cigarettes can be severe, and the short-term harms of e-cigarettes is greater than tobacco products. E-cigarettes are often perceived as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes; however, evidence to substantiate this assumption has not materialized.

Third diagram

Although vaping shares certain toxic characteristics with tobacco, it also introduces distinct exposures and physiological effects not observed in tobacco use. Therefore, the belief that vaping is merely a safer or diluted form of smoking lacks scientific credibility.

{{Information
|description={{en|1='''First diagram''': Regulated US [[:en:Food and Drug Administration|Food and Drug Administration]] products such as [[:en:metered-dose inhaler#Uses|nicotine inhalers]] may be safer than [[:en:electronic cigarette|e-cigarettes]],[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24575993/] but e-cigarettes are generally seen as safer than [[list of tobacco products|combustible tobacco products]].[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31619443/] '''Second diagram''': The short-term [[:en:health effect|health effects]] of e-cigarettes can be severe,[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32332326/] and the short-term harms of e-cigarettes is greater than tobacco products.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/] E-cigarettes are often perceived as a less harmful alternative to [[:en:cigarette|conventional cigarettes]]; however, evidence to substantiate this assumption has not materialized.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34830344/] '''Third diagram''': Although [[:en:vaping|vaping]] shares certain toxic characteristics with tobacco, it also introduces distinct exposures and physiological effects not observed in tobacco use.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/] Therefore, the belief that vaping is merely a safer or diluted form of [[:en:tobacco smoking|smoking]] lacks [[:en:credibility#In science|scientific credibility]].[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/]}}
|date=2026-03-31
|source={{own}} based upon the following sources for the first diagram,[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24575993/][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31619443/] and the following sources for the second diagram,[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32332326/][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/][https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34830344/] and the following source for the third diagram.[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/]
*{{cite journal|last1=Drummond|first1=MB|last2=Upson|first2=D|title=Electronic cigarettes. Potential harms and benefits.|journal=Annals of the American Thoracic Society|date=February 2014|volume=11|issue=2|pages=236–42|doi=10.1513/annalsats.201311-391fr|pmc=5469426|pmid=24575993}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Mravec|first1=Boris|last2=Tibensky|first2=Miroslav|last3=Horvathova|first3=Lubica|last4=Babal|first4=Pavel|title=E-Cigarettes and Cancer Risk|journal=Cancer Prevention Research|volume=13|issue=2|year=2020|pages=137–144|issn=1940-6207|doi=10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0346|pmid=31619443}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Bhatt|first1=Jayesh Mahendra|last2=Ramphul|first2=Manisha|last3=Bush|first3=Andrew|title=An update on controversies in e-cigarettes|journal=Paediatric Respiratory Reviews|volume=36|year=2020|pages=75–86|issn=15260542|doi=10.1016/j.prrv.2020.09.003|pmc=7518964|pmid=33071065}}
*{{cite journal|last=Snoderly|first=Hunter T.|last2=Nurkiewicz|first2=Timothy R.|last3=Bowdridge|first3=Elizabeth C.|last4=Bennewitz|first4=Margaret F.|title=E-Cigarette Use: Device Market, Study Design, and Emerging Evidence of Biological Consequences|journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences|publisher=MDPI AG|volume=22|issue=22|date=18 November 2021|page=12452|issn=1422-0067|doi=10.3390/ijms222212452|pmc=8619996|pmid=34830344}}
|author=[[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Nicotine]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animated GIF files]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

Discussion

File:Short-term effects of vaping.gif

File name: Short-term effects of vaping.gif

File name: Short-term effects of vaping.gif Five seconds per image.

First diagram:

Short-term e-cigarette use is more dangerous than tobacco smoking.

Second diagram:

Short-term e-cigarette use may lead to death.

Third diagram:

Short-term e-cigarette use increases the risk of lung injury.

Short-term e-cigarette use is more dangerous than tobacco smoking.^[1] Short-term e-cigarette use may lead to death.^[1] Short-term e-cigarette use increases the risk of lung injury.^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Bhatt, Jayesh Mahendra; Ramphul, Manisha; Bush, Andrew (November 2020). "An update on controversies in e-cigarettes". Paediatric Respiratory Reviews. 36: 75–86. doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2020.09.003. ISSN 1526-0542. PMC 7518964. PMID 33071065.

{{Information
|description={{en|1='''First diagram''': Short-term [[:en:usage of electronic cigarettes|e-cigarette use]] is more dangerous than [[:en:tobacco smoking|tobacco smoking]]. '''Second diagram''': Short-term e-cigarette use may lead to death. '''Third diagram''': Short-term e-cigarette use increases the risk of [[:en:respiratory disease|lung injury]].}}
|date=2026-03-31
|source={{own}} based upon [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33071065/ this source] for all three diagrams.
|author=[[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
*{{cite journal|last1=Bhatt|first1=Jayesh Mahendra|last2=Ramphul|first2=Manisha|last3=Bush|first3=Andrew|title=An update on controversies in e-cigarettes|journal=Paediatric Respiratory Reviews|volume=36|date=November 2020|pages=75–86|issn=15260542|doi=10.1016/j.prrv.2020.09.003|pmc=7518964|pmid=33071065}}
|permission=
|other versions=
}}

{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Nicotine]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Animated GIF files]]
[[Category:Animations in English]]

Discussion

Cherry lime cola packaging and e-liquid bottle only without the potentially copyrighted scribble graphics design and other potentially copyrighted designs (custom request)

File:Cherry Lime Cola Packaging and E-liquid Bottle.png

Proposed file name: File:Cherry Lime Cola Packaging and E-liquid Bottle.png

{{Information
|description=A photograph of a cherry lime cola packaging and a cherry lime cola e-liquid bottle. The potentially copyrighted scribble graphic designs and other potentially copyrighted designs have been removed.
|date=2026-03-31
|source=https://www.fda.gov/inspections-compliance-enforcement-and-criminal-investigations/warning-letters/hina-singh-enterprises-inc-dba-just-eliquids-distro-inc-608444-07202020
|author=United States Food and Drug Administration
|permission=
|other_versions=
}}
{{retouched picture|The potentially copyrighted scribble graphic designs and other potentially copyrighted designs have been removed.}}

{{PD-USGov-FDA}}
[[Category:FDA food safety inspections]]

[[Category:E-liquid]]

Request

Upload the cherry lime cola packaging and e-liquid bottle without the scribble design. The scribble pattern needs to be removed. The scribble pattern in black needs to be changed to a solid red. Do not upload "Exhibit B" that is to the right.

The part where it states Cherry Lime Cola, 3 MG, and 100 ML needs to remain visible. The scribble lines design is what needs to be removed. Replace the black scribble lines with the solid red color.[6]

Redoing everything from scratch is not a copyright violation. You would start with a blank canvas and the red color. It will be very different. You can use the outline of each object and create a new packaging. Just make it very plain and simple. The shape of each object is not copyrighted or trademarked. Using the outline of a box and bottle is fine as long as everything is changed.

Plain red color

Plain text in white with the wording CHERRY LIME COLA

3 MG at left bottom. 100 ML at the tight bottom.

Discussion

Various forms of medical cannabis

File:Various Forms of Medical Cannabis.png

Proposed file name: Various Forms of Medical Cannabis.png

File:Various forms of Medical Cannabis.png

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|1=An illustration of various forms of medical cannabis.}}
|date=2026-02-31
|source={{own}}
|author=[[User:User:BruceBlaus|BruceBlaus]]; new version created by: [[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission={{PermissionTicket|id=2013061010006654|user=Stepro}}
|other_versions={{Extracted from|1=File:Blausen 0158 Cannabis Medicinal.png}}
}}

{{Retouched picture|The text "Forms of Medical Cannabis" has been removed from the original file and a modified e-cigarette device from the bottom of [[:File:Ijerph ecig construction.jpg]] was used.}}

or...

{{Retouched picture|The text "Forms of Medical Cannabis" has been removed from the original file and an animated e-cigarette device was included.}}

=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Medical cannabis]]

Discussion

Please remove the text "Forms of Medical Cannabis" from the first image. The device at the bottom of the second image should be rotated to face the same direction as the smokable cannabis cigarette. Then, place this animated version of the device into the first image, positioned to about where the smokable cannabis currently is. Add a shadow to it to match the style of the other items and label it "Aerosolizable cannabis" above the device. Move the smokable cannabis downward to make room for the new device. The placement of the other images in the file will need to be adjusted for the new image.

I included two different versions for the information on "Retouched picture" depending on if you're going to use part of another file or create your own animated e-cigarette device.

Adjustments

See User:QuackGuru/Sand 22#June 2019 to August 2019 cases.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hospitalized_e_cigarette_user_svg_hariadhi.svg

https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/ecigarette-users-warned-as-vaping-related-illness-and-deaths-spike/news-story/629e972b6e079c037996168b977d23c9

Discussion

The hairline is too receded. I'd like her to have a slightly fuller hairline. The skin tone is noticeably different—please try to match it more closely to the original. Try to add a small amount of hair in front of or close to her ear on the viewer’s right side.

New files under new names

Notes: Make her eyebrows straighter. For the white-colored shirt, do not change her expression. Possibly, make her hair line lower so that it does not look receded. Also, crop out most or all of the hookups to the ventilator so that you don't see the green and blue color hookups. For the turquoise-colored shirt, give her a very subtle, worried expression.

File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (white).svg

Proposed new file name: File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (white).svg

File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (turquoise).svg

Proposed file name: File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (turquoise).svg

https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/ecigarette-users-warned-as-vaping-related-illness-and-deaths-spike/news-story/629e972b6e079c037996168b977d23c9

Proposed new file name: File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (white).svg

Proposed new file name: File:Hospitalized e-cigarette user hariadhi (turquoise).svg

Captions: An illustration of a hospitalized vaping patient.

=={{int:filedesc}}==
{{Information
|description={{en|An illustration of a hospitalized vaping patient.}}
|date=2026-02-31
|source={{own}} based upon the following source.[https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/ecigarette-users-warned-as-vaping-related-illness-and-deaths-spike/news-story/629e972b6e079c037996168b977d23c9]
*{{cite news|url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/health-problems/ecigarette-users-warned-as-vaping-related-illness-and-deaths-spike/news-story/629e972b6e079c037996168b977d23c9|title=E-cigarette users warned as vaping related illness and deaths spike|last=Van Der Meer|first=Erin|journal=news.com.au|date=12 September 2019}}
|author=[[User:Hariadhi|Hariadhi]]
|permission=
|other versions=
}}
=={{int:license-header}}==
{{self|cc-by-sa-4.0}}

[[Category:Illustrations by Hariadhi without labels]]
[[Category:Diagrams about diseases and disorders]]
[[Category:2026 illustrations]]
[[Category:Patients in art]]
[[Category:Vaping-related graphics]]
[[Category:2019–2020 vaping lung illness outbreak]]

Discussion

Make the new images as close as possible to this image. The white shirt will be used for a GIF. I also want different images for different articles. I will provide a basic illustration for the new image. Please don't create any image yet until we've discussed it further.

[Gwinn2023-1] Gwinn, Kimberly D.; Leung, Maxwell C. K.; Stephens, Ariell B.; Punja, Zamir K. (19 October 2023). "Fungal and mycotoxin contaminants in cannabis and hemp flowers: implications for consumer health and directions for further research". Frontiers in Microbiology. 14. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278189. PMC 10620813. PMID 37928692.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Kimberly D Gwinn, Maxwell C K Leung, Ariell B Stephens, and Zamir K Punja available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

[Sharma2025-2] Sharma, Shaligram; Meister, Maureen; Christiani, David; Zhang, Qian; Wilson, Mark; Goldsmith, Travis; Olfert, I. Mark; Ranpara, Anand; Bell-Huff, Cristi; Black, Marilyn; Shannahan, Jonathan; Wright, Christa (27 March 2025). "Deconstructing ENDS aerosols: generation and characterization methods". Inhalation Toxicology: 1–13. doi:10.1080/08958378.2025.2481434. PMID 40148248. This article incorporates text by Shaligram Sharma, Maureen Meister, David Christiani, Qian Zhang, Mark Wilson, Travis Goldsmith, I Mark Olfert, Anand Ranpara, Cristi Bell-Huff, Marilyn Black, Jonathan Shannahan, and Christa Wright available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

[Kisby2025-3] Kisby, Glen; Raber, Jacob (6 March 2025). "World no-tobacco: effects of second-hand smoke (SHS) and vapors on the developing and adult brain". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 16. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1466332. PMC 11922958. PMID 40115268.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Glen Kisby and Jacob Raber available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

[King2023-4] King, Audra L; Velez, David R; Ahmeti, Mentor (24 May 2023). "Surgical Management of an Intentionally Ingested Vape Device Chronically Impacted within the Duodenum of an Adult Male". Cureus. doi:10.7759/cureus.39448. PMC 10289728. PMID 37362516.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[Soo2023-5] Soo, Joanne; Easwaran, Meena; Erickson‐DiRenzo, Elizabeth (January 2023). "Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Upper Aerodigestive Tract: A Comprehensive Review for Otolaryngology Providers". OTO Open. 7 (1). doi:10.1002/oto2.25. PMC 10046796. PMID 36998560. This article incorporates text by Joanne Soo, Meena Easwaran, and Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

[Chen2018-6] Chen, Rui; Aherrera, Angela; Isichei, Chineye; Olmedo, Pablo; Jarmul, Stephanie; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana; Rule, Ana M. (November 2018). "Assessment of indoor air quality at an electronic cigarette (Vaping) convention". Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 28 (6): 522–529. doi:10.1038/s41370-017-0005-x. PMID 29288255. This article incorporates text by Rui Chen, Angela Aherrera, Chineye Isichei, Pablo Olmedo, Stephanie Jarmul, Joanna E Cohen, Ana Navas-Acien, and Ana M Rule available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

[Prévôt2017-7] Prévôt, Nathalie; de Oliveira, Fabien; Perinel-Ragey, Sophie; Basset, Thierry; Vergnon, Jean-Michel; Pourchez, Jérémie (1 June 2017). "Nicotine delivery from the refill liquid to the aerosol via high-power e-cigarette device". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-03008-0. PMC 5453927. PMID 28572636.

[Pinto2022-8] Pinto, M. Isabel; Thissen, J.; Hermes, N.; Cunningham, A.; Digard, H.; Murphy, J. (3 October 2022). "Chemical characterisation of the vapour emitted by an e-cigarette using a ceramic wick-based technology". Scientific Reports. 12 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-19761-w. PMC 9529894. PMID 36192548.

[Haswell2018-9] Haswell, Linsey E.; Corke, Sarah; Verrastro, Ivan; Baxter, Andrew; Banerjee, Anisha; Adamson, Jason; Jaunky, Tomasz; Proctor, Christopher; Gaça, Marianna; Minet, Emmanuel (5 February 2018). "In vitro RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics assessment shows reduced biological effect of tobacco heating products when compared to cigarette smoke". Scientific Reports. 8 (1). doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19627-0. PMC 5799303. PMID 29402904.

[Morris2021-10] Morris, Anna M.; Leonard, Stephen S.; Fowles, Jefferson R.; Boots, Theresa E.; Mnatsakanova, Anna; Attfield, Kathleen R. (22 October 2021). "Effects of E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals on Human Macrophages and Bronchial Epithelial Cells". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18 (21): 11107. doi:10.3390/ijerph182111107. PMC 8583527. PMID 34769627.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) This article incorporates text by Anna M Morris, Stephen S Leonard, Jefferson R Fowles, Theresa E Boots, Anna Mnatsakanova, and Kathleen R Attfield available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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