Portal:Pan-Africanism

Introduction Welcome to the Pan-Africanism portal! Bienvenue sur le portail panafricanisme! The Pan-African flag, designed by the UNIA and formally adopted on August 13, 1920. Marcus Garvey (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) : A prominent Pan-Africanist. In this 1922 picture, Garvey is shown in a military uniform as the "Provisional President of Africa" during a parade on the opening day of the annual Convention of the Negro Peoples of the World at Lenox Avenue in Harlem, New York City. Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous peoples and diasporas of African ancestry. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Americas and Europe. Pan-Africanism can be said to have its origins in the struggles of the African people against enslavement and colonization and this struggle may be traced back to the first resistance on slave ships—rebellions and suicides—through the constant plantation and colonial uprisings and the "Back to Africa" movements of the 19th century. Based on the belief that unity is vital to economic, social, and political progress, it aims to "unify and uplift" people of African ancestry. (Full article...) Selected article The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a political organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966. The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with international chapters operating in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 until 1972. At its inception on October 15, 1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its armed citizens' patrols to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in Oakland, California. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members. The Black Panther Party instituted a variety of community social programs, most extensively the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, and community health clinics to address issues like food injustice. The party enrolled the most members and made the greatest impact in the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Area, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia. Selected biography Henry Sylvester Williams S.Ẃilliams (1905) by E.H. Mills Born (1869-02-15)15 February 1869 Arouca, Trinidad Died 26 March 1911(1911-03-26) (aged 42) Trinidad Occupation Barrister Known for Pan-Africanism Henry Sylvester Williams (15 February 1869 – 26 March 1911) was a Trinidadian lawyer, councillor and writer, most noted for his involvement in the Pan-African Movement. As a young man he went to North America to further his education, and subsequently to Britain, where in 1897 he formed the African Association to challenge paternalism, racism and imperialism; the association aimed to "promote and protect the interests of all subjects claiming African descent, wholly or in part, in British colonies and other place, especially Africa, by circulating accurate information on all subjects affecting their rights and privileges as subjects of the British Empire, by direct appeals to the Imperial and local Governments." In 1900 Williams organised the First Pan-African Conference, held at Westminster Town Hall in London. In 1903 he went to practise as a barrister in South Africa, becoming the first black man to be called to the bar in the Cape Colony. Selected history Traditional African religions have faced persecution from the proponents of different ideologies. Adherents of these religions have been forcefully converted to Islam and Christianity, demonized and marginalized. The atrocities include killings, waging war, destroying of sacred places, and other atrocious actions. After the establishment of Islam, its rapid expansion and conquests displaced traditional African religions either by conversion or conquest. Traditional African religions have influenced Islam in Africa, and Islam is considered as having more commonality with traditional African religions, but conflict has occurred, especially due to Islam's monotheistic stance and the rise of Muslim reformers such as Askia. In the Senegambia region, the Serer people who held "a strong connection to their ancient religious past" became the targets of Islamic jihads and persecution from the 11th to the 19th-century resulting in the Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune. Traditional African religions are tolerant of other gods, which allows general co-existence for multiple religions. This has been regarded by some authors to be another reason behind the rise of other religions in Africa. Most followers of traditional religions accommodated Islam during the start of its spread in Africa, but in West Africa, it was not until the coming of colonialism that Islam gained mass appeal, transforming even groups with historical animosity towards Islamic domination into Muslim communities. In many instances, conflicting groups chose to align with Muslim armies against other African communities. Quotes “ ...during the nineteenth century, Christian missionaries became active in Africa and Oceania. Attempts by Christian missionaries to convert nonbelievers to Christianity took two main forms: forced conversions and proselytizing. ” — Garrick Bailey, James Peoples , — Bailey, Garrick; Peoples, James, Essentials of Cultural Anthropology, 3rd ed. Cengage Learning (2013), p. 268, ISBN 9781133603566 [1] “ The role of Christian missionaries are a private interest group in European colonial occupation of Africa was a significant one...Collectively their activities promoted division within traditional African societies into rival factions...the picture denigrated African culture and religion... ” — Festus Ugboaja Ohaegbulam , — Ohaegbulam, Festus Ugboaja, Towards an Understanding of the African Experience from Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, University Press of America (1990), p. 161, ISBN 9780819179418 [2] “ A religion of Middle Eastern origin, Islam reached Africa via the northern region of the continent by means of conquest. The Islamic wars of conquest that would lead to the Islamization of North Africa occurred first in Egypt, when in about 642 CE the country fell to the invading Muslim forces from Arabia. Over the next centuries, the rest of the Maghreb would succumb to Jihadist armies...The notion of religion conversion, whether by force or peaceful means, is foreign to indigenous African beliefs...Islam, however, did not become a religion of the masses by peaceful means. Forced conversion was an indispensable element of proselytization. ” — Toyin Falola, Adebayo Oyebade , — Falola, Toyin; Oyebade, Adebayo, Hot Spot: Sub-Saharan Africa, ABC-CLIO (2010), p. 7, ISBN 9780313359712 [3] “ African traditional religion went through and survived this type of persecution at the hands of Christianity and Islam... ” — Darrol M. Bryant, Rita H. Mataragnon, — Bryant, M. Darrol; Mataragnon, Rita H., (cont. M. Darrol Bryant), The Many faces of religion and society, Paragon House Publishers (1985), p. 100, ISBN 9780913757208 Selected culture Mask; wood coloured with kaolin; by Punu people from Gabon; Musée du quai Branly (Paris) Statuette; 19th-20th century; by Mambila people from Nigeria; Musée du quai Branly African art describes the modern and historical paintings, sculptures, installations, and other visual culture from native or indigenous Africans and the African continent. The definition may also include the art of the native African, African diasporas, such as African American, Caribbean and other American art. Despite this diversity, there are some unifying artistic themes when considering the totality of the visual culture from the continent of Africa. Masquerade, metalwork, sculpture, architecture, fiber art, and dance are important art forms across Africa and may be included in the study of African art. The term "African art" does not usually include the art of the North African areas along the Mediterranean coast, as such areas had long been part of different traditions. For more than a millennium, the art of such areas had formed part of Islamic art, although with many particular characteristics. The art of Ethiopia, with a long Christian tradition, is also different from that of most of Africa, where traditional African religion (with Islam in the north) was dominant until relatively recently. African art includes ancient art, Muslim art of North and West Africa, the Christian art of East Africa, and the ritualistic art of these and other regions. Most African sculpture was historically in wood and other natural materials that have not survived from earlier than, at most, a few centuries ago; older pottery figures can be found from a number of areas. Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, often highly stylized. There is a vast variety of styles, often varying within the same context of origin depending on the use of the object, but wide regional trends are apparent; sculpture is most common among "groups of settled cultivators in the areas drained by the Niger and Congo rivers" in West Africa. Direct images of deities are relatively infrequent, but masks in particular are or were often made for religious ceremonies; today many are made for tourists as "airport art". Since the late 19th century there has been an increasing amount of African art in Western collections, the finest pieces of which are now prominently displayed. African mask art has had an important influence on European Modernist art, which was inspired by their lack of concern for naturalistic depiction. West African cultures developed bronze casting for reliefs, like the famous Benin Bronzes, to decorate palaces and for highly naturalistic royal heads from around the Bini town of Benin City, Edo State, in terracotta as well as metal, from the 12th–14th centuries. Akan goldweights are a form of small metal sculptures produced over the period 1400–1900; some apparently represent proverbs, contributing a narrative element rare in African sculpture; and royal regalia included impressive gold sculptured elements. Many West African figures are used in religious rituals and are often coated with materials placed on them for ceremonial offerings. The Mande-speaking peoples of the same region make pieces from wood with broad, flat surfaces and arms and legs shaped like cylinders. In Central Africa, however, the main distinguishing characteristics include heart-shaped faces that are curved inward and display patterns of circles and dots. Selected images Picture of Martin Delany (May 6, 1812 – January 24, 1885). Delany was an African-American abolitionist, journalist, physician, soldier and writer, and one of the first proponents of black nationalism. Delany is also credited with the Pan-African slogan "Africa for Africans". Dr. Frances Cress Welsing, an African-American physician receiving a community award at the National Black L.U.V, Festival in Washington DC (21 September 2008) Credit: Elvert Barnes Picture of Julius Malema. The African nationalist and Pan-Africanist, and current leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) in South Africa. Picture of Winnie Mandela, the South African anti-apartheid activist and politician, and ex-wife of Nelson Mandela Credit: Kingkongphoto & www.celebrity-photos.com Picture of Patrice Lumumba (2 July 1925 – 17 January 1961). An African nationalist and Pan-Africanist. Lumumba was a Congolese politician and independence leader who served as the first Prime Minister of the independent Democratic Republic of the Congo (then Republic of the Congo) until September 1960. Nok seated figure; 5th century BC – 5th century AD; terracotta; 38 cm (1 ft. 3 in.); Musée du quai Branly (Paris). In this Nok work, the head is dramatically larger than the body supoorting it, yet the figure possesses elegant details and a powerful focus. The neat protrusion from the chin represents a beard. Necklaces from a cone around the neck and keep the focus on the face. The Pan-African flag with the red, black and green designed by the UNIA in 1920. Currently, the three colours represent: red: the blood that unites all people of Black African ancestry, and shed for liberation; black: black people whose existence as a nation, though not a nation-state, is affirmed by the existence of the flag; and green: the abundant natural wealth of Africa. Picture of Rastaman in Barbados, wearing the Rastafari colours of green, gold, red and black on a rastacap. The Black star of Africa can be found in many African flags, including in African national, ethnic and religious symbols. In here, it is visible in the Flag of Ghana. Organisations All-African People's Revolutionary Party  · African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa  · African Unification Front  · African Union  · African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network  · Conseil de l'Entente  · Convention People's Party  · East African Community  · Economic Freedom Fighters  · Global Afrikan Congress  · International African Service Bureau  · International League for Darker People  · Organisation of African Unity  · Pan African Association  · Pan-African Congress  · Pan Africanist Congress of Azania  · Rassemblement Démocratique Africain  · Pan Africa Chemistry Network  · Pan African Federation of Accountants  · Pan-African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa  · Sahara and Sahel Observatory  · UNIA-ACL  · ZANU–PF See also Category:Pan-Africanist organizations & Category:Pan-Africanist political parties Festivals Grand Durbar in Kaduna State in the occasion of Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture, 15 January - 12 February 1977. Photo by Helinä Rautavaara (1977) The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou The Pan African Film Festival World Festival of Black Arts FESTAC 77 Publications Awakening the Natural Genius of Black Children (1992) by Dr. Amos N. Wilson Blueprint for Black Power: A Moral, Political and Economic Imperative for the Twenty-First Century (1998) by Dr. Amos N. Wilson Afrikan-Centered Consciousness Versus the New World Order: Garveyism in the Age of Globalism (1999) by Dr. Amos N. Wilson The Cress Theory of Color-Confrontation and Racism (White Supremacy) (1970) by Dr. Frances Cress Welsing The Isis Papers: The Keys to the Colors (1991) by Dr. Frances Cress Welsing The root cause of the bread and butter demonstration (1959) by Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof Films and TV 500 Years Later Ceddo Guelwaar Hidden Colors Marcus Garvey: Look For Me in the Whirlwind Motherland Yandé Codou, la griotte de Senghor Audios and videos Did you know Flag of Benin. ...that the colours of the Flag of Benin (pictured) allude to the Pan-Africanist movement and pay tribute to Ethiopia, the oldest independent country in Africa? Selected quotes In addressing the first ever conference of the Organization of African Unity (1st May 1963). The Gambian Pan-Africanist and nationalist Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof delivered the following message: “ It is barely 75 years when the European Powers sat round the table in Germany each holding a dagger to carve up Africa for its own benefit.… Your success will inspire and speed up the freedom and total independence of the African continent and eradicate imperialism and colonialism from the continent and eventually neo-colonialism from the globe… Your failure, which no true African in Africa is praying for, will prolong our struggle with bitterness and disappointment. I therefore adjure that you ignore any suggestion outside Africa and holding that the present civilization, which some of the big powered are boasting of, sprang up from Africa, and realising that the entire world has something earthly to learn from Africa, you would endeavour your utmost to come to agreement, save Africa from the clutches of neo-colonialism and resurrect African dignity, manhood and national stability. ” — Alieu Ebrima Cham Joof, The Point Newspaper (Cham Joof's speech). Archived 2011-11-23 at the Wayback Machine Pan-Africanism topics Categories Category puzzle Select [►] to view subcategories Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanism by continent Pan-Africanism by country Pan-Africanists Afrocentrism Kwanzaa Nkrumaism Novels by Ayi Kwei Armah Pan-Africanist organizations Pan-African media companies Pan-Africanism portal Sankarism Things you can do Join, contribute, and suggest new content for this portal. 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