List of Malpighiales of South Africa
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The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots.[1][2] The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.[3]
The anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as roses and grasses - as well as the Gnetales and the extinct Bennettitales.[4]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.[5] Nine biomes have been described in South Africa: Fynbos, Succulent Karoo, desert, Nama Karoo, grassland, savanna, Albany thickets, the Indian Ocean coastal belt, and forests.[6]
The 2018 South African National Biodiversity Institute's National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)), Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)), Bryophyta (mosses (685)), Cycadophyta (cycads (42)), Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)), Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)), Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).[7]
20 families are represented in the literature. Listed taxa include species, subspecies, varieties, and forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as synonyms, in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect taxonomic revision over time.
Achariaceae
Family: Achariaceae,[7]
Acharia
- Acharia tragodes Thunb. endemic
Ceratiosicyos
Genus Ceratiosicyos:[7]
- Ceratiosicyos laevis (Thunb.) A.Meeuse, indigenous
Guthriea
- Guthriea capensis Bolus, indigenous
Kiggelaria
Genus Kiggelaria:[7]
- Kiggelaria africana L. indigenous
Rawsonia
- Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Sond. indigenous
Xylotheca
- Xylotheca kraussiana Hochst. indigenous
Chrysobalanaceae
Family: Chrysobalanaceae,[7]
Parinari
- Parinari capensis Harv. indigenous
- Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. capensis, indigenous
- Parinari capensis Harv. subsp. incohata F.White, indigenous
- Parinari curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. indigenous
Clusiaceae
Family: Clusiaceae,[7]
Clusia
- Clusia rosea Jacq. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Garcinia
- Garcinia gerrardii Harv. ex Sim, indigenous
- Garcinia livingstonei T.Anderson, indigenous
Dichapetalaceae
Family: Dichapetalaceae,[7]
Dichapetalum
Genus Dichapetalum:[7]
- Dichapetalum cymosum (Hook.) Engl. indigenous
Tapura
- Tapura fischeri Engl. indigenous
Elatinaceae
Family: Elatinaceae,[7]
Bergia
- Bergia anagalloides E.Mey. ex Fenzl, indigenous
- Bergia capensis L. indigenous
- Bergia decumbens Planch. ex Harv. indigenous
- Bergia glomerata L.f. endemic
- Bergia pentheriana Keissl. indigenous
- Bergia polyantha Sond. indigenous
- Bergia salaria Bremek. indigenous
Elatine
- Elatine ambigua Wight, indigenous
- Elatine triandra Schkuhr, indigenous
Erythroxylaceae
Family: Erythroxylaceae,[7]
Erythroxylum
Genus Erythroxylum:[7]
- Erythroxylum delagoense Schinz, indigenous
- Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn. indigenous
- Erythroxylum pictum E.Mey. ex Sond. endemic
Nectaropetalum
Genus Nectaropetalum:[7]
- Nectaropetalum capense (Bolus) Stapf & Boodle, endemic
- Nectaropetalum zuluense (Schonland) Corbishley, endemic
Euphorbiaceae
Family: Euphorbiaceae,[7] 47 genera have been recorded. Not all are necessarily currently accepted.
- Genus Acalypha:[7]
- Genus Adenocline:[7]
- Genus Alchornea:[7]
- Genus Aleurites:[7]
- Genus Anisophyllum:[7]
- Genus Anthacantha:[7]
- Genus Arthrothamnus:[7]
- Genus Breynia:[7]
- Genus Caperonia:[7]
- Genus Cavacoa
- Genus Cephalocroton:[7]
- Genus Chamaesyce:[7]
- Genus Chrozophora:[7]
- Genus Clutia:[7]
- Genus Croton:[7]
- Genus Ctenomeria:[7]
- Genus Dactylanthes:[7]
- Genus Dalechampia:[7]
- Genus Erythrococca:[7]
- Genus Euphorbia:[7]
- Genus Excoecaria:[7]
- Genus Galarhoeus:[7]
- Genus Homalanthus:[7]
- Genus Jatropha:[7]
- Genus Leidesia:[7]
- Genus Macaranga:[7]
- Genus Manihot:[7]
- Genus Medusea:[7]
- Genus Mercurialis:[7]
- Genus Micrococca:[7]
- Genus Monadenium:[7]
- Genus Pedilanthus:[7]
- Genus Pterococcus:[7]
- Genus Ricinus:[7]
- Genus Sapium:[7]
- Genus Schinziophyton:[7]
- Genus Sclerocroton:[7]
- Genus Seidelia:[7]
- Genus Shirakiopsis:[7]
- Genus Spirostachys:[7]
- Genus Suregada:[7]
- Genus Synadenium:[7]
- Genus Tithymalus:[7]
- Genus Tragia:[7]
- Genus Tragiella:[7]
- Genus Treisia:[7]
- Genus Vernicia:[7]
Hypericaceae
Family: Hypericaceae,[7]
Hypericum
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. indigenous
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. aethiopicum, indigenous
- Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson, indigenous
- Hypericum androsaemum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum canariense L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum forrestii (Chitt.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hypericum hookerianum Wight & Arn. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hypericum lalandii Choisy, indigenous
- Hypericum natalense J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans, indigenous
- Hypericum perforatum L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum pseudohenryi N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Hypericum revolutum Vahl, indigenous
- Hypericum revolutum Vahl subsp. revolutum, indigenous
- Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. indigenous
- Hypericum roeperianum G.W.Schimp. ex A.Rich. var. roeperianum, indigenous
- Hypericum wilmsii R.Keller, indigenous
Linaceae
Hugonia
- Hugonia orientalis Engl. indigenous
Linum
- Linum acuticarpum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum adustum E.Mey. ex Planch. endemic
- Linum aethiopicum Thunb. endemic
- Linum africanum L. endemic
- Linum brevistylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum comptonii C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum esterhuyseniae C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum gracile Planch. endemic
- Linum heterostylum C.M.Rogers, endemic
- Linum pungens Planch. endemic
- Linum quadrifolium L. endemic
- Linum thesioides Bartl. endemic
- Linum thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. indigenous
- Linum usitatissimum L. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
- Linum villosum C.M.Rogers, endemic
Malpighiaceae
Family: Malpighiaceae,[7]
Acridocarpus
Genus Acridocarpus:[7]
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. indigenous
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert, indigenous
- Acridocarpus natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius, indigenous
Sphedamnocarpus
Genus Sphedamnocarpus:[7]
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens, indigenous
- Sphedamnocarpus transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy, accepted as Sphedamnocarpus pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.B, present
Triaspis
- Triaspis glaucophylla Engl. endemic
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Immelman, indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides, indigenous
- Triaspis hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.) Immelman, indigenous
Ochnaceae
Brackenridgea
Genus Brackenridgea:[7]
- Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv. indigenous
Ochna
- Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. indigenous
- Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. arborea, indigenous
- Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii (E.Phillips) Du Toit, indigenous
- Ochna barbosae N.Robson, indigenous
- Ochna confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway, indigenous
- Ochna gamostigmata du Toit, indigenous
- Ochna glauca I.Verd. indigenous
- Ochna holstii Engl. indigenous
- Ochna inermis (Forssk.) Schweinf. indigenous
- Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. indigenous
- Ochna pretoriensis E.Phillips, indigenous
- Ochna pulchra Hook.f. indigenous
- Ochna serrulata (Hochst.) Walp. indigenous
Passifloraceae
Family: Passifloraceae,[7]
Adenia
- Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl. indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. fruticosa, endemic
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. simplicifolia W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Adenia fruticosa Burtt Davy subsp. trifoliata W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Adenia glauca Schinz, indigenous
- Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms, indigenous
- Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. hastata, indigenous
- Adenia natalensis W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Adenia repanda (Burch.) Engl. indigenous
- Adenia spinosa Burtt Davy, indigenous
- Adenia wilmsii Harms, endemic
Basananthe
Genus Basananthe:[7]
- Basananthe pedata (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Basananthe polygaloides (Hutch. & K.Pearce) W.J.de Wilde, endemic
- Basananthe sandersonii (Harv.) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
- Basananthe triloba (Bolus) W.J.de Wilde, indigenous
Paropsia
- Paropsia braunii Gilg, indigenous
Passiflora
Genus Passiflora:[7]
- Passiflora caerulea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora edulis Sims, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora foetida L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora mollissima (Kunth) L.H.Bailey, accepted as Passiflora tripartita Breiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised
- Passiflora suberosa L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora subpeltata Ortega, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Passiflora tripartita Breiter var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jorg. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Schlechterina
Genus Schlechterina:[7]
- Schlechterina mitostemmatoides Harms, indigenous
Phyllanthaceae
Family: Phyllanthaceae,[7]
Andrachne
- Andrachne ovalis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Mull.Arg. indigenous
Antidesma
- Antidesma venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. indigenous
Bridelia
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. indigenous
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. subsp. cathartica, indigenous
- Bridelia cathartica G.Bertol. var. melanthesoides forma melanthesoides, indigenous
- Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill. indigenous
- Bridelia mollis Hutch. indigenous
Cleistanthus
Genus Cleistanthus:[7]
- Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. indigenous
- Cleistanthus schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. schlechteri, indigenous
Flueggea
- Flueggea verrucosa (Thunb.) G.L.Webster, endemic
- Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt, indigenous
- Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa, indigenous
Heywoodia
- Heywoodia lucens Sim, indigenous
Hymenocardia
Genus Hymenocardia:[7]
- Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous
- Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax, accepted as Hymenocardia ulmoides Oliv. indigenous
Lachnostylis
Genus Lachnostylis:[7]
- Lachnostylis bilocularis R.A.Dyer, endemic
- Lachnostylis hanekomii R.H.Archer & J.C.Manning, endemic
- Lachnostylis hirta (L.f.) Mull.Arg. endemic
Margaritaria
Genus Margaritaria:[7]
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster, indigenous
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
Phyllanthus
Genus Phyllanthus:[7]
- Phyllanthus asperulatus Hutch. indigenous
- Phyllanthus burchellii Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
- Phyllanthus cedrelifolius I.Verd. accepted as Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, present
- Phyllanthus delagoensis Hutch. indigenous
- Phyllanthus fraternus G.L.Webster, not indigenous, naturalised
- Phyllanthus genistoides Sond. accepted as Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. present
- Phyllanthus glaucophyllus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus graminicola Hutch. ex S.Moore, indigenous
- Phyllanthus heterophyllus E.Mey. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus incurvus Thunb. indigenous
- Phyllanthus loandensis Welw. ex Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus macranthus Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus macranthus Pax var. macranthus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. indigenous
- Phyllanthus meyerianus Mull.Arg. indigenous
- Phyllanthus myrtaceus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. indigenous
- Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius, indigenous
- Phyllanthus omahakensis Dinter & Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. parvulus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn. indigenous
- Phyllanthus pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster, indigenous
- Phyllanthus polyanthus Pax, indigenous
- Phyllanthus polyspermus Schumach. indigenous
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. indigenous
- Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus, indigenous
- Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Mull.Arg. accepted as Phyllanthus parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drege) Radcl.-Sm. present
Pseudolachnostylis
Genus Pseudolachnostylis:[7]
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax, indigenous
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan, indigenous
Picrodendraceae
Family: Picrodendraceae,[7]
Androstachys
Genus Androstachys:[7]
- Androstachys johnsonii Prain, indigenous
Hyaenanche
Genus Hyaenanche:[7]
- Hyaenanche globosa (Gaertn.) Lamb. & Vahl, endemic
Podostemaceae
Family: Podostemaceae,[7]
Leiothylax
Genus Leiothylax:[7]
- Leiothylax warmingii (Engl.) Warm. accepted as Letestuella tisserantii G.Taylor
Sphaerothylax
Genus Sphaerothylax:[7]
- Sphaerothylax algiformis Bisch. ex C.Krauss, indigenous
Tristicha
- Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. indigenous
- Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. subsp. trifaria, indigenous
Putranjivaceae
Family: Putranjivaceae,[7]
Drypetes
- Drypetes arguta (Mull.Arg.) Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii, indigenous
- Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa Radcl.-Sm. indigenous
- Drypetes mossambicensis Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. indigenous
- Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis, indigenous
- Drypetes reticulata Pax, indigenous
Rhizophoraceae
Family: Rhizophoraceae,[7]
Bruguiera
- Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. indigenous
Cassipourea
Genus Cassipourea:[7]
- Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston, endemic
- Cassipourea gerrardii (Schinz) Alston, accepted as Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston, present
- Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. indigenous
- Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J.Lewis, indigenous
- Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston, indigenous
- Cassipourea mossambicensis (Brehmer) Alston, indigenous
- Cassipourea swaziensis Compton, indigenous
Ceriops
- Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B.Rob. indigenous
Rhizophora
Genus Rhizophora:[7]
- Rhizophora mucronata Lam. indigenous
Salicaceae
Family: Salicaceae,[7]
Casearia
- Casearia gladiiformis Mast. indigenous
Dovyalis
- Dovyalis caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Dovyalis longispina (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Dovyalis lucida Sim, indigenous
- Dovyalis revoluta J.E.Thom, accepted as Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. present
- Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. & Harv. indigenous
- Dovyalis rotundifolia (Thunb.) Thunb. & Harv. endemic
- Dovyalis zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. indigenous
Flacourtia
Genus Flacourtia:[7]
- Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Merr. indigenous
Homalium
- Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. indigenous
- Homalium rufescens Benth. endemic
- Homalium subsuperum Sprague, accepted as Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. present
Oncoba
- Oncoba spinosa Forssk. indigenous
- Oncoba spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa, indigenous
Populus
- Populus alba L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus alba L. var. alba, not indigenous, naturalised
- Populus canescens (Aiton) Sm. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Populus nigra L. not indigenous, naturalised
- Populus nigra L. var. italica Munchh. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Pseudoscolopia
Genus Pseudoscolopia:[7]
- Pseudoscolopia polyantha Gilg, endemic
Salix
- Salix babylonica L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Salix babylonica L. var. babylonica, not indigenous, naturalised
- Salix caprea L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
- Salix mucronata Thunb. indigenous
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, present
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. hirsuta (Thunb.) Immelman, endemic
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. mucronata, indigenous
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. wilmsii (Seemen) Immelman, accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, present
- Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. woodii (Seemen) Immelman, indigenous
- Salix subserrata Willd. accepted as Salix mucronata Thunb. subsp. subserrata (Willd.) R.H.Archer & Jordaan
- Salix x fragilis L. var. fragilis, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Scolopia
- Scolopia flanaganii (Bolus) Sim, endemic
- Scolopia mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb. indigenous
- Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) Killick, endemic
- Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer, indigenous
- Scolopia stolzii Gilg & Sleumer var. stolzii, indigenous
- Scolopia zeyheri (Nees) Harv. indigenous
Trimeria
- Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. indigenous
- Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia, indigenous
- Trimeria trinervis Harv. endemic
Turneraceae
Family: Turneraceae,[7]
Afroqueta
- Afroqueta capensis (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous
Piriqueta
- Piriqueta capensis (Harv.) Urb. accepted as Afroqueta capensis (Harv.) Thulin & Razafim. indigenous
Streptopetalum
Genus Streptopetalum:[7]
- Streptopetalum serratum Hochst. indigenous
Tricliceras
Genus Tricliceras:[7]
- Tricliceras glanduliferum (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras laceratum (Oberm.) Oberm. indigenous
- Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum, indigenous
- Tricliceras mossambicense (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. indigenous
- Tricliceras schinzii (Urb.) R.Fern. subsp. schinzii var. juttae, indigenous
- Tricliceras tanacetifolium (Klotzsch) R.Fern. indigenous
Violaceae
Hybanthus
- Hybanthus capensis (Thunb.) Engl. indigenous
- Hybanthus densifolius Engl. indigenous
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. caffer (Sond.) N.Robson, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. enneaspermus, not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus enneaspermus (L.) F.Muell. var. serratus Engl. not indigenous, naturalised
- Hybanthus parviflorus (L.f.) Baill. not indigenous, naturalised
Rinorea
- Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. indigenous
- Rinorea angustifolia (Thouars) Baill. subsp. natalensis (Engl.) Grey-Wilson, indigenous
- Rinorea domatiosa A.E.van Wyk, endemic
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze, indigenous
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia, indigenous
- Rinorea ilicifolia (Welw. ex Oliv.) Kuntze subsp. ilicifolia var. ilicifolia, indigenous
Viola
- Viola abyssinica Steud. ex Oliv. indigenous
- Viola arvensis Murray, not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola decumbens L.f. indigenous
- Viola decumbens L.f. var. decumbens, endemic
- Viola decumbens L.f. var. scrotiformis (DC.) Jessop, endemic
- Viola hederacea Labill. not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola priceana Pollard, not indigenous, naturalised
- Viola tricolor L. not indigenous, naturalised
References
- ^ Endress, Peter K.; Davis, Charles C.; Matthews, Merran L. (May 2013). "Advances in the floral structural characterization of the major subclades of Malpighiales, one of the largest orders of flowering plants". Annals of Botany. 111 (5): 969–985. doi:10.1093/aob/mct056. PMC 3631340.
- ^ Stevens, P.F. (2020) [2001]. "Malpighiales". AP Web v. 14. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Magallón, Susana; Castillo, Amanda (2009). "Angiosperm diversification through time". American Journal of Botany. 96 (1): 349–365. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800060. PMID 21628193.
- ^ Doyle, J. A.; Donoghue, M. J. (1986). "Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of the angiosperms - an experimental cladistic approach". Botanical Review. 52 (4): 321–431. doi:10.1007/bf02861082.
- ^ Butler, Rhett A. (1 July 2019). "Total number of plant species by country". Mongabay. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
- ^ "Vegetation of South Africa". PlantZAfrica.com. SA National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec "species_checklist_20180710.csv". South African National Biodiversity Institute. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
