Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese

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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Xiang Chinese (湘語). For simplicity, only one of the romanization of Xiang Chinese is given.

Initial consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
ɕ sj [ɕjẽ˩ fa˩ tə꜊] 現話得
f f [fa˨˦ moŋ˩ tʰjẽ˧] 發夢天
k g [kəw˥ lin˩] 構凌
kʰ k [tan˩˧ kʰə˨˦ mən꜊] 堂客們
l l [lin˩˧ fan˥] 靈泛
m m [ma˩˧ fən˥ tsɹ̩꜊] 麻噴子
ɲ[iii] nj [ɲjəw˨˦ u˨˦ li꜊] 你屋裏
ŋ n [paj˦˩ ŋaj˦˩] 擺矮
p b [pa˧ ɲjẽ] 巴釅
pʰ p [pʰje˦˩ tan˩ ti꜊] 撇淡的
s s [law˧ soŋ˧ ti꜊] 撈鬆的
ʂ sh [ʂa˥ mej˩ tsɹ̩꜊] 射沕子
t d [tõ˩ xə˨˦] 斷黑
tɕ zj [tjaw˩ tɕin˧ tɕʰjan˧] 掉京腔
tɕʰ cj [pʰu˨˦ tɕʰi˦˩ kʰwən˥] 覆起睏
tʰ t [tʰəw˧ jəw˩˧ po˩˧] 偷油婆
ts z [ʂa˥ pi˩˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 射鼻子
tsʰ c [tsʰaw˦˩ fan˩˧ ta꜊] 吵煩噠
tʂ zh [ta˦˩ tʂan˥ tsɹ̩꜊] 打帳子
tʂʰ ch [tʂʰə˦˩ lõ˦˩ tan˩˧] 扯卵談
x h [mo˧ xoŋ˧] 摸風(不到)
ʐ r [ʐən˩˧ sən˧ mi˦˩] 人參米
Final consonants
IPA[i] Pinyin
[i] 		Examples[ii]
FC Rhyme
-n an an [man˦˩ ko˧] 滿哥
ən en [fan˩ mən˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 飯蚊子
in in [kʰoŋ˧ tin˦˩] 空頂
jan[iv] ian [jan˩˧ mi˧ mi꜊] 洋咪咪
wan[iv] uan [loŋ˥ wan˩˧ ti꜊] 弄黄的
wən[iv] uen [ta˦˩ ljẽ˥ kwən˦˩] 打練滾
ɥan[iv] yan [ɕɥan˧ tɕi˩ ʐən˩˧] 雙徛人
ɥn[iv] yn [ɥn˩˧ tsɹ̩n˩] (懶得)勻淨
-ŋ joŋ[iv] ioq [mi˧ joŋ˩˧ ti꜊] 䊳融的
oŋ oq [ta˦˩ tsoŋ˦˩ tsjẽ˥] 打總薦
Vowels
IPA[i] Pinyin[i] Examples[ii]
a a [fa˨˦ paw˦˩ tɕʰi˥] 發寶氣
aj[iv] ai [law˦˩ ŋaj˧ tsje꜊] 老娭毑
aw[iv] au [tsʰaw˦˩ poŋ˩˧] 吵棚
ej[iv] ei [sei˩˧ mo˦˩ tsɹ̩꜊] 隨麼子
ə[v] e [tɕjaw˦˩ ə˦˩] 餃餌
əw[iv] eu [ta˦˩ jəw˧ tsʰan˧] 打腰餐
ә̃ el [tʂə˦˩ ʂә̃˦˩] 扯閃
o o [to˩˧ təw˩ po˩˧] 馱肚婆
õ ol [tɕjəw˥ sõ˧ ti꜊] 臼酸的
i i [tjəw˧ i˨˦ moŋ˦˩ kəw˩˧] 丟一猛格
ja[iv] ia [ta˨˦ ja˦˩ pə˨˦] 答野白
jaw[iv] iau [tʰjaw˧ təin˧] 挑筋
je[iv] ie [lje˥ ta꜊ tɕin˦˩] 捩(噠)頸
jẽ[iv] iel [si˦˩ maw˧ ljẽ˦˩] 洗貓臉
jəw[iv] ieu [fa˨˦ ljəw˩˧ jan˩˧ moŋ˩] 發瀏陽夢
jo[iv] io [san˥ ɕjo˨˦] 散學
ɹ̩[iii] x [to˦˩ mo˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 躲摸子
ɻ̩[iii] x [taj˩ tʂʅ˨˦ law˦˩] 大指腦
u u [u˩ u˩ tsa ˩ tsa꜊] 霧霧扎扎
wa[iv] ua [ta˦˩ tʰjaw˦˩ kʰwa˥] 打屌胯
waj[iv] uai [kwaj˦˩ tʂan˩˧] 拐場
wej[iv] uei [maw˧ tan˩˧ kwej˦˩ tʰjaw˥] 貓彈鬼跳
wə[v] ue [tsʰəw˦˩ kwə˨˦] 楚國
y y [y˦˩ kʰoŋ˥ tsɹ̩꜊] (鑽)雨空子
ɥa[iv] ya [ɕɥa˥ pə˨˦ ti꜊] 刷白的
ɥaj[iv] yai [ɕɥaj˦˩ paj˩˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 甩牌子
ɥe[iv] ye [maw˩˧ ɥe˨˦ tsɹ̩꜊] 毛熱子
ɥej[iv] yei [ɕɥej˦˩ kwa˩ kwa˩ ti꜊] 水垮垮的
ɥẽ[iv] yel [ɥẽ˩˧ fan˥] 圓泛
Tones
IPA[i] Numeric
contours 		Tonal
categories
(sequence) 		Examples[ii]
˧ ◌33 陰平 (◌1) [pan˧ tsʰjaw˥] 扳俏
˩˧ ◌13 陽平 (◌2) [tsan˩˧ si˨˦] 殘惜
˦˩ ◌41 上 (◌3) [to˦˩ ɕjo˨˦] 躲學
˥ ◌55 陰去 (◌5) [ma˨˦ sjan˥] 抹相
˩ ◌11 陽去 (◌6) [ta˦˩ o˩ təw˦˩] 打餓肚
˨˦ ◌24 入 (◌7) [lo˨˦ u˨˦] 落屋
꜊ ◌0 輕 (◌0) [fej˧ lən˩ ti꜊] 飛嫩的

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 长沙方言词典 (1998),[1] itself the basis of 长沙方言研究 (1999).[2] The romanization is based on 长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0 (2021).[3]
  2. ^ a b c d Glosses are displayed over the dotted line (for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary examples are drawn from 长沙方言词典 (1998)[1] and 长沙方言常用熟语通释 (2008).[4]
  3. ^ a b c In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA [ɹ̩] is represented as ⟨ɿ⟩, [ɻ̩] is represented as ⟨ʅ⟩, [ɲ] is represented as ⟨ȵ⟩.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y The gliding non-syllables may be less explicitly transcribed with syllables, such that the non-syllabic [j] represented as syallbic [i], [w] as [u], and [ɥ] as [y].
  5. ^ a b [ə] and [wə] are pronounced as [ɤ] and [wɤ] by some speakers. Also refer to [iv].

References

  1. ^ a b 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1998). 长沙方言词典. 江苏教育出版社.
  2. ^ 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1999). 长沙方言研究. 江苏教育出版社. pp. 14–21.
  3. ^ 跳跳老鼠 (2021-03-02). "长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0". Archived from the original on 2023-10-21.
  4. ^ 袁庆 (2008). 长沙方言常用熟语通释. 湖南师范大学出版社.

See also

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