Help:IPA/Greenlandic

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The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Greenlandic pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Greenlandic phonology and Inuit phonology for a more thorough look at the sounds of Greenlandic and other Inuit languages.

Consonants[a]
IPA Examples nearest English equivalent
çː agguut hue
affaq for
ɣ igaaq Spanish fuego
j qajaq yes
k kukik ski
l aleqa land
ɬː illu By getting the tongue up to the roof and giving a quick breath out; Welsh llwyd.
m mannik man
n nuna now
ŋ angut sing
ɴ arnaq [b] like ng but further down the throat
p putu spoil
q qajaq like k but further down the throat
ʁ erinaq French rester
s sisamat soon
t tallimat stop
ts timi, atsa [c] cats
v savik love
χː tarraq like Scottish loch but further down the throat
Vowels
IPA Examples nearest English equivalent
a aja cat
aak mad
ɑ qajaq[d] like father, but shorter
ɑː aaq[d] father
ɜ erneq[d] bet or but
ɜː meeraq[d] Australian bear or Australian burn
i isi meat
kiinaq knee
ɔ oqaq[d] off
ɔː sooq[d] more
u pukusuk roof
ʉ nuna[e] Australian goose
kuuk coo
y ipi[f] roughly like meat, but with rounded lips
Diphthongs
ai iliorarpai irate

Notes

  1. ^ Between vowels, Greenlandic consonants can occur either short or long. In IPA, long consonants may be written doubled or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/. Long fricatives are voiceless.
  2. ^ The uvular nasal [ɴ] is not found in all dialects and there is dialectal variability regarding its status as a phoneme
  3. ^ Short [t͡s] is in complementary distribution with short [t], with the former appearing before /i/ and the latter elsewhere; both are written ⟨t⟩ and could be analysed as belonging to the same phoneme /t/. Before /i/, long [tt͡s] occurs while long [tt] doesn't, so long [tt͡s] before /i/ could be analysed as long /tt/. However, before /a/ and /u/, both long [tt͡s] and long [tt] occur (except in some dialects, including that of Greenland's third largest town). Long [tt͡s] is always written ⟨ts⟩
  4. ^ a b c d e f The vowels /a, i, u/ are lowered to [ɑ, ɛ~ɜ, ɔ], respectively, before uvular consonants /q, ʁ/.
  5. ^ /u/ is fronted to [ʉ] between two coronal consonants.
  6. ^ /i/ is rounded to [y] before labial consonants.

See also