Video:RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine

From WikiProjectMed
Jump to navigation Jump to search
RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine (Tutorial)
On Commons
Steps for video creation
Step 1Preview my changes (10 sec)
Step 2Upload to Commons (10 min)

Edit with VisualEditor

Definition

rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine or Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus–Zaire Ebola virus vaccine, also known as Ebola Zaire vaccine and sold under the brand name Ervebo, is an Ebola vaccine for adults that prevents Ebola caused by the Zaire ebolavirus.[1][2]

Medical use 1

Ebola virus disease or Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans caused by ebolaviruses.[3] Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus[4] with a fever, sore throat, muscular pain, and headaches.[3]

Medical use 2

Vomiting, diarrhoea and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of the liver and kidneys.[3] At this time, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally.[3] The disease has a high risk of death, killing 25 to 90 percent of those infected, with an average of about 50 percent.[3]

Medical use 3

In November 2019, the World Health Organization prequalified an Ebola vaccine, rVSV-ZEBOV, for the first time.[5]

Effectiveness

Following a large-scale ring-vaccination scheme in the DRC outbreak of 2018, the WHO published the preliminary results into the effectiveness of the ring vaccination program, stating that the rVSV-ZEBOV-GP vaccine had been 97.5 percent effective at stopping Ebola transmission, relative to no vaccination.[6][7]

Side effects

Systemic side effects of the vaccine include headache, feverishness, fatigue, joint and muscle pain, nausea, arthritis, rash, and abnormal sweating.[8][1] Injection-site side events include injection-site pain, swelling, and redness.[1]

Pharmacology

Pharmacology attempts to analyze chemical metabolism and to discover the fate of a chemical from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is eliminated from the body.[9] As to the pharmacokinetics of the vaccine, immunization results in protection from the disease due to Zaire ebolavirus. The vaccine effects in terms of innate, humoral and cell-mediated immunity to the level of protection from the virus are not known; the vaccine is excreted via urine.[10]

Biochemistry

rVSV-ZEBOV is a live, attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus in which the gene for the native envelope glycoprotein P03522 is replaced with that from the Ebola virus P87666, Kikwit 1995 Zaire strain.[11][12]

History 1

In December 2013, the largest-ever Ebola epidemic started in West Africa, specifically, in Guinea.[13] On August 12, the WHO ruled that offering people infected with Ebola the RVSV-ZEBOV vaccine which at the time was untested on humans was ethical, and the Canadian government donated 500 doses of the vaccine to the World Health Organization.[14][15]

History 2

During an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018, the ZEBOV vaccine was used,[16] and what was once contact tracing which numbered 1,706 individuals and ring vaccination which totaled 3,330 was reduced to zero on June 28, 2018.[17] The country completed the required 42-day cycle on July 24, just months after the outbreak had begun.[18][19]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Ervebo (Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live) Suspension for intramuscular injection" (PDF). Merck Sharp & Dohme.
  2. ↑ Trad MA, Naughton W, Yeung A, et al. (January 2017). "Ebola virus disease: An update on current prevention and management strategies". Journal of Clinical Virology. 86: 5–13. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2016.11.005. hdl:10144/618818. PMID 27893999.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Ebola virus disease, Fact sheet N°103, Updated September 2014". World Health Organization (WHO). September 2014. Archived from the original on 14 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  4. ↑ Modrow, Susanne; Falke, Dietrich; Truyen, Uwe; Schätzl, Hermann (2013), Modrow, Susanne; Falke, Dietrich; Truyen, Uwe; Schätzl, Hermann (eds.), "Viruses: Definition, Structure, Classification", Molecular Virology, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 17–30, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-20718-1_2#sec00021, ISBN 978-3-642-20718-1, retrieved 2021-04-28
  5. ↑ "WHO prequalifies Ebola vaccine, paving the way for its use in high-risk countries". www.who.int. Retrieved 2019-11-13.
  6. ↑ Mole, Beth (2019-04-16). "As Ebola outbreak rages, vaccine is 97.5% effective, protecting over 90K people". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2019-04-17.
  7. ↑ Ebola Ring Vaccination Results April 12, 2019 (PDF). World Health Organization (WHO) (Report). April 12, 2019. Retrieved April 17, 2019. Lay summary. {{cite report}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |lay-url= (help)
  8. ↑ Martínez-Romero C, García-Sastre A (2015). "Against the clock towards new Ebola virus therapies". Virus Res. 209: 4–10. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.025. PMID 26057711.
  9. ↑ Nordberg, M.; Duffus, J.; Templeton, D. M. (1 January 2004). "Glossary of terms used in toxicokinetics (IUPAC Recommendations 2003)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in Deutsch). pp. 1033–1082. doi:10.1351/pac200476051033. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  10. ↑ "Ebola Zaire Vaccine, Live Suspension for intramuscular injection Initial U.S. Approv al: 2019". FDA.gov. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  11. ↑ Choi WY (January 2015). "Progress of vaccine and drug development for Ebola preparedness". Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 4 (1): 11–16. doi:10.7774/cevr.2015.4.1.11. PMC 4313103. PMID 25648233.
  12. ↑ Regules JA; et al. (April 2015). "A Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Ebola Vaccine – Preliminary Report". N Engl J Med. 376 (4): 330–341. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414216. PMC 5408576. PMID 25830322.
  13. ↑ Origins of the 2014 Ebola epidemic (Report). World Health Organization (WHO). January 2015. Retrieved October 8, 2016.
  14. ↑ "Exclusive: Canada to donate its own Ebola vaccine to WHO for use in Africa". Reuters. 12 August 2014.
  15. ↑ Public Health Agency of Canada (2 August 2013). "Fact Sheet - VSV-EBOV - Canada's vaccine for Ebola".
  16. ↑ Berlinger, Joshua. "Congo to begin vaccinating against Ebola". CNN. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  17. ↑ "EBOLA RDC -Special communication from the Minister of Health concerning the evolution of the ninth Ebola epidemic in the DRC/translated". us13.campaign-archive.com. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  18. ↑ Schlein, Lisa. "Congo Ebola Outbreak Expected to End Next Week". VOA. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  19. ↑ "Media Advisory: Expected end of Ebola outbreak". ReliefWeb. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Video:RVSV-ZEBOV_vaccine&oldid=1284879"