Muscle ache
| Muscle ache | |
|---|---|
| Other names: Muscle pain, myalgia[1] | |
 | |
| Specialty | Rheumatology |
| Frequency | Common[1] |
Muscle ache, also known as myalgia, is pain in muscle.[1] It is a feature of muscle tension, overuse, or injury from physical work and exercise.[1] It may present as a symptom of an infectious disease and other diseases such as lupus and fibromyalgia.[1]
Causes
The most common causes of myalgia are overuse, injury, or strain. However, myalgia can also be caused by diseases, medications, or as a response to a vaccination. Dehydration at times results in muscle pain as well, especially for people involved in extensive physical activities such as workout. It is also a sign of acute rejection after heart transplant surgery.[citation needed]
Long-lasting myalgia can be caused by metabolic myopathy, some nutritional deficiencies, and chronic fatigue syndrome. The most common causes are:[citation needed]
- Injury or trauma, including sprains, hematoma
- Overuse: using a muscle too much, too often, including protecting a separate injury
- Chronic tension
Muscle pain occurs with:
- Rhabdomyolysis, associated with:
- Viral
- Compression injury leading to crush syndrome
- Drug-related
- Commonly fibrates and statins
- Occasionally ACE inhibitors, cocaine, and some retro-viral drugs
- Severe potassium deficiency
- Fibromyalgia
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Auto-immune disorders, including:
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Polymyositis
- Dermatomyositis
- Multiple sclerosis (this is neurologic pain localised to myotome)
- Infections, including:
- Influenza (the flu)
- Lyme disease
- Babesiosis
- Malaria
- Toxoplasmosis
- Dengue fever
- Hemorrhagic fever
- Muscular abscess
- Compartment syndrome
- Polio
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- Trichinosis (roundworm)
- Ebola
- COVID-19
- Other
Overuse
Overuse of a muscle is using it too much, too soon or too often.[5] One example is repetitive strain injury. See also:
Injury
The most common causes of myalgia by injury are: sprains and strains.[5]
Autoimmune
- Multiple sclerosis (neurologic pain interpreted as muscular)
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (chronic fatigue syndrome)
- Myositis
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Lupus erythematosus
- Fibromyalgia syndrome
- Familial Mediterranean fever
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Devic's disease
- Morphea
- Sarcoidosis
Metabolic defect
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency
- Conn's syndrome
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Diabetes
- Hypogonadism
- Postorgasmic illness syndrome[2][3][4]
Other
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Channelopathy
- Ehlers Danlos Syndrome
- Stickler Syndrome
- Hypokalemia
- Hypotonia
- Exercise intolerance
- Mastocytosis
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome
- Barcoo Fever
- Herpes
- Hemochromatosis
- Delayed onset muscle soreness
- HIV/AIDS
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- Tumor-induced osteomalacia
- Hypovitaminosis D
- Infarction[6]
Withdrawal syndrome from certain drugs
Sudden cessation of high-dose corticosteroids, opioids, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, caffeine, or alcohol can induce myalgia.[citation needed]
Treatment
When the cause of myalgia is unknown, it should be treated symptomatically. Common treatments include heat, rest, paracetamol, NSAIDs and muscle relaxants.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Muscle aches: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Archived from the original on 9 April 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Balon R, Segraves RT, eds. (2005). Handbook of Sexual Dysfunction. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824758264.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wylie KR, ed. (2015). ABC of Sexual Health. John Wiley & Sons. p. 75. ISBN 9781118665565.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Postorgasmic illness syndrome". Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD). National Institutes of Health. 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "MedlinePlus". Archived from the original on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2021-08-13.
- ↑ Glueck, CharlesJ; Conrad, Brandon (2013). "Severe vitamin D deficiency, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis". North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 5 (8): 494–495. doi:10.4103/1947-2714.117325. ISSN 1947-2714. PMC 3784929. PMID 24083227.
- ↑ Shmerling, Robert H (April 25, 2016). "Approach to the patient with myalgia". UpToDate. Archived from the original on 2018-05-28. Retrieved 2018-05-27.
External links
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