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Puberty blocker
Puberty blockers, also called puberty inhibitors, puberty suppressors, hormone suppressors, or pubertal blockers are a group of medications used to inhibit puberty. They were originally used to treat children with precocious puberty or other such early onset of puberty. Puberty blockers are commonly used in the transgender community[1]. In this community, puberty blockers are used to provide transgender youth with time to further explore their identity[2], while halting the development of their predisposed sex characteristics that is caused by the onset of puberty.
Medications[edit | edit source]
The medication that is used in order to stop puberty comes in two forms: injections or an implant.
The injections are leuprorelin made intramuscularly by a health professional. The patient may need it monthly (Lupron Depot, Lupron Depot-PED) or each 3, 4 or 6 months (Lupron Depot-3 month, Lupron Depot-PED-3 month, Lupron Depot-4 month, Lupron Depot-6 Month). Depot Lupron can cost from $700 to $1,500 a month depending on the country where it is practiced.
The implant is a small tube containing histrelin. The implant needs to be replaced every year, and is implanted subcutaneously in the upper arm. The doctor makes a small cut in the anesthetized skin of the patient and then inserts the implant. The patient must be careful after the operation to keep the cut clean, dry, and to not move the bandage and the surgical strips or stitches used to close the incision on the skin. The drug is then gradually released in the body during 12 months and it has to be replaced by another one later to continue the treatment. The total cost of histrelin treatment with the surgery is $15,000.
The combination of bicalutamide, an antiandrogen, and anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, can be used to suppress male puberty as an alternative to GnRH analogues, or in the case of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty, such as in familial male-limited precocious puberty (also known as testotoxicosis) in boys, where GnRH analogues are ineffective.\
Effects
Puberty blockers prevent the development of biological secondary sex characteristics that are assigned at birth[1]. They slow the growth of sexual organs and production of hormones. Other effects include the suppression of facial hair, deep voices, and Adam's apples for boys and the halting of breast growth and menstruation in girls.
Side Effects
Transgender Community
Transgender youth are one of the more specific target populations of puberty blockers . Children as young as 2 or 3 may exhibit signs of being trans and may qualify for the use of puberty blockers. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (e.g., leuprolide acetate, histrelin) to halt puberty, can be used for transgender youth before the development of natal secondary sex characteristics[3]. Puberty blockers' effects are reversible which alleviates some controversy on the usage of puberty blockers for young children[1].
Puberty blockers serve the transgender community by giving them more time to solidify their gender identity. Another positive function is that it gives the individual a smoother transition into their desired gender identity as an adult[4].
Controversy
The main controversy with puberty blockers revolves around giving young children the choice to stunt their development. Critics argue that children's psychological and sexual identity development may be stunted[2]. However, there is little research that suggests this is true. A recent 2015 study published by the Principles of Transgender Medicine and Practice, observed the executive functioning in 20 youth transgender treated with puberty blockers compared to untreated trans youth. They found that there was no difference in performance[2].
References[edit | edit source]
External links[edit | edit source]
- Puberty Inhibitors, by Dr. Norman P. Spack MD- TransYouth Family Allies
- Case Study- My son was six when he first demanded a sex change- The Telegraph Online
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Citations:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.neu.edu/doi/10.1002/2327-6924.12363/full
http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.neu.edu/science/article/pii/S1054139X16000963
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org.ezproxy.neu.edu/content/136/6/1029
http://www.annualreviews.org.ezproxy.neu.edu/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002453
- ^ a b c Stevens, Jaime; Gomez-Lobo, Veronica; Pine-Twaddell, Elyse (2015-12-01). "Insurance Coverage of Puberty Blocker Therapies for Transgender Youth". Pediatrics. 136 (6): 1029–1031. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2849. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 26527547.
- ^ a b c Alegría, Christine Aramburu (2016-10-01). "Gender nonconforming and transgender children/youth: Family, community, and implications for practice". Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. 28 (10): 521–527. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12363. ISSN 2327-6924.
- ^ Bayar, R. M. (2003-11-28). "Control of the Onset of Puberty". http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002453. doi:10.1146/annurev.me.29.020178.002453. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
{{cite web}}: External link in|website= - ^ Gridley, Samantha J.; Crouch, Julia M.; Evans, Yolanda; Eng, Whitney; Antoon, Emily; Lyapustina, Melissa; Schimmel-Bristow, Allison; Woodward, Jake; Dundon, Kelly. "Youth and Caregiver Perspectives on Barriers to Gender-Affirming Health Care for Transgender Youth". Journal of Adolescent Health. 59 (3): 254–261. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.03.017.