Talk:Animal allergy

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Additionally, it may be beneficial to include the immunological mechanism that causes allergy symptoms. B cells, a type of adaptive immune cell, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.[1] Antibodies have a heavy chain and a light chain, and are classified according to the heavy chain they contain (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, and IgG).[2] In allergic individual, connective tissue mast cells and mucosal mast cells bind IgE via the Fc receptor on the mast cell specific for IgE; the IgE bind to specific antigens when the antigens are present.[3] When an allergen binds to the IgE antibody, the IgE antibodies on the mast cell cross-link.[4] This cross linkage of IgE antibodies causes a cell signaling pathway that results in mast cell degranulation and histamine release.[5]

Histamine causes smooth muscle contraction in the lower airways, leading to bronchoconstriction and difficulty breathing.[6] In the nasal mucosa, histamine mediates sneezing, hypersecretion (runny nose), and nasal congestion.[7] Finally, histamine mediates vasodilation, which can cause hypotension.[8]

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References

  1. ^ Kindt, Thomas; Goldsby, Richard; Osborne, Barbara (2007). Immunology (6th ed., 3rd printing. ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN 1429202114.
  2. ^ Kindt, Thomas; Goldsby, Richard; Osborne, Barbara (2007). Immunology (6th ed., 3rd printing. ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN 1429202114.
  3. ^ Janeway, Charles A. (2001). Immunobiology the immune sytem health & disease (5. ed ed.). New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8153-3642-X. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  4. ^ Kindt, Thomas; Goldsby, Richard; Osborne, Barbara (2007). Immunology (6th ed., 3rd printing. ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN 1429202114.
  5. ^ Kindt, Thomas; Goldsby, Richard; Osborne, Barbara (2007). Immunology (6th ed., 3rd printing. ed.). New York: Freeman. ISBN 1429202114.
  6. ^ Janeway, Charles A. (2001). Immunobiology the immune sytem health & disease (5. ed ed.). New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8153-3642-X. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  7. ^ Monroe, Eugene; Daly, Adrian; Shalhoub, Robert (February 1997). "Appraisal of the validity of histamine-induced wheal and flare to predict the clinical efficacy of antihistamines". Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 99 (2): S798–S806.
  8. ^ Peavy, Richard; Metcalfe, Dean (August 2008). "Understanding the mechanisms of anaphylaxis". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 8 (4): 310–315. PMID 2683407.

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