Diabetic foot infection
| Diabetic foot infection | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Gas gangrene due to diabetes | |
 | |
| Symptoms | Pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, warmth[1] |
| Complications | Infection of the bone, tissue death, sepsis, amputation[2] |
| Causes | Diabetic foot ulcer[2] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, ischemic limb[2] |
| Prevention | Appropriate shoes[2] |
| Treatment | Wound care, antibiotics, hyperbaric oxygen therapy[2] |
| Frequency | Common[2] |
Diabetic foot infection is any infection of the foot in a diabetic.[2] Symptoms may include pus from a wound, redness, swelling, pain, or warmth.[1] Foot ulcers; however, may occur without being infected.[1] Complications can include infection of the bone, tissue death, amputation, or sepsis.[2]
They most often form following a diabetic foot ulcer.[2][1] Bacteria that are commonly involved include staphylococcus, streptococci, pseudomonas, and gram-negative bacteria.[2] The underlying mechanism often involves poor blood flow and peripheral neuropathy.[2] Diagnosis is based on symptoms and maybe supported by deep tissue culture.[2][1]
Prevention includes wearing appropriate shoes.[2] Treatment involves proper wound care and antibiotics.[2] The duration of antibiotics is often two to four weeks.[2] Hyperbaric oxygen therapy may also help.[2] They are common and occur equally frequently in males and females.[2] Older people are more commonly affected.[2]
Treatment
Antibiotics
For minor soft tissue infections cephalexin, clindamycin, or dicloxacillin by mouth may be used.[3] This is done for 1 to 4 weeks.[3]
For severe disease ciprofloxacin with clindamycin or piperacillin/tazobactam may be used.[3] This is done for 6 to 12 weeks.[3]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Lipsky, Benjamin A.; Berendt, Anthony R.; Deery, H. Gunner; Embil, John M.; Joseph, Warren S.; Karchmer, Adolf W.; LeFrock, Jack L.; Lew, Daniel P.; Mader, Jon T.; Norden, Carl; Tan, James S. (1 October 2004). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infections". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 39 (7): 885–910. doi:10.1086/424846.
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 Murphy-Lavoie, HM; Ramsey, A; Nguyen, M; Singh, S (January 2020). "Diabetic Foot Infections". StatPearls. PMID 28722943.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Bader, MS (1 July 2008). "Diabetic foot infection". American family physician. 78 (1): 71–9. PMID 18649613.
- ↑ Deng, Hongyan; Chen, Yong (27 July 2022). "The role of adipose-derived stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer: Trends and prospects". Frontiers in Endocrinology. 13. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.902130. ISSN 1664-2392. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
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