White-whiskered hermit

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White-whiskered hermit
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Phaethornis
Species:
P. yaruqui
Binomial name
Phaethornis yaruqui
(Bourcier, 1851)

The white-whiskered hermit (Phaethornis yaruqui) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

The white-whiskered hermit is monotypic. The western Colombia population was at one time considered to be a subspecies P. y. sanctijohannis but the description was found to be that of immature birds.[3][4]

Female, Milpe Reserve, NW Ecuador

Description

The white-whiskered hermit is about 13 cm (5.1 in) long. Males weigh 4 to 7 g (0.14 to 0.25 oz) and females 4 to 6.5 g (0.14 to 0.23 oz). This medium-sized hermit has a bronzy crown and iridescent bluish green upperparts. Its underparts are green to dark gray. The face has a black "mask" with a buffy supercilium and a white gular stripe. The male's bill is almost straight. The female has a shorter and gently decurved bill, shorter wings, more grayish underparts, and a longer tail than the male.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The white-whiskered hermit is found from Colombia's northern Chocó Department south through western Ecuador to El Oro Province. It has also been reported in Panama near the Colombian border. It inhabits humid mid-elevation and montane forest, humid secondary forest, dense shrublands, and plantations. In elevation it usually occurs below 1,200 m (3,900 ft) but has been recorded as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).[4]


Behavior

Movement

The white-whiskered hermit is primarily sedentary but apparently makes seasonal elevation movements in Ecuador.[4]

Feeding

The white-whiskered hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.[4]

Breeding

The white-whiskered hermit's breeding season has not been described, though it appears to span from November to July. The nest is a cone-shaped cup suspended from the underside of a drooping leaf. The clutch size is two eggs.[4]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to white-whiskered hermit on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The white-whiskered hermit's song is "a continuous series of rather harsh 'kree-u' notes". It also gives a series of "seek" notes while wagging its tail on a low perch at a lek.[4]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the white-whiskered hermit as being of Least Concern though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing.[1] It is "[g]enerally common in wet forests [but] long-term survival clearly depends on habitat conservation."[4]

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "White-whiskered Hermit Phaethornis yaruqui". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686931A93131816. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686931A93131816.en. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Hinkelmann, C. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). White-whiskered Hermit (Phaethornis yaruqui), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whwher1.01 retrieved December 1, 2021
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