Water for injection
Clinical data | |
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Defined daily dose | not established[1] |
External links | |
AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
Legal | |
License data | |
Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | H2O |
Water for injection is water of extra high quality without significant contamination.[2] A sterile version is used for making solutions that will be given by injection.[3] Before such use other substances generally must be added to make the solution more or less isotonic.[4] It can be given by injection into a vein, muscle, or under the skin.[5] A non-sterile version may be used in manufacturing with sterilization occurring later in the production process.[6]
If it is given by injection into a vein without making it more or less isotonic, breakdown of red blood cells may occur.[4] This can then result in kidney problems.[4] Excessive amount may also result in fluid overload.[5] Water for injection is generally made by distillation or reverse osmosis.[6] It should contain less than a mg of elements other than water per 100 ml.[6] Versions with agents that stop bacterial growth are also available.[6]
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] Water for injection is available over the counter.[4] The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.03–0.15 per 10 ml vial.[8] In the United Kingdom this amount cost the NHS 0.25 to 1.40 pounds.[9]
Dosage
The defined daily dose is not established[1]
Other names
Aqua ad iniectabilia or aqua ad injectionem
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 1 July 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
- ↑ "<1232> Water for Pharmaceutical Purposes" (PDF). hmc.usp.org. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. p. 493. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Sterile Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Water for Injection - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Ghosh, Tapash K.; Jasti, Bhaskara R. (2004). Theory and Practice of Contemporary Pharmaceutics. CRC Press. p. 396. ISBN 9780203644478. Archived from the original on 16 January 2017.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- ↑ "Water for Injection". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
- ↑ British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. p. 685. ISBN 9780857111562.
External links
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- Inspection Technical Guides Water for Pharmaceutical Use Archived 23 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- Guideline on the quality of water for pharmaceutical use (EMA, European Medicines Agency) Archived 18 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
- "Water for injection". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 17 December 2019.
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- Intravenous fluids
- Water
- World Health Organization essential medicines
- RTT