W.A. Crowle

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William Alfred Leopold Crowle
Crowle in 1946.
Born(1880-12-12)12 December 1880
Albury, New South Wales
Died6 December 1948(1948-12-06) (aged 67)
Kurraba Point, New South Wales
NationalityAustralian
Other namesW.A. Crowle
OccupationBusinessman

William Alfred Leopold Crowle (known as W.A. Crowle, 12 December 1880 – 6 December 1948) was an Australian businessman and philanthropist. Crowle lived an eventful and eccentric life. He became known at different times for his success as an importer, his lavish parties and his extensive art collection, as well as his contributions to architecture and charitable endeavours. His signature phrase was "Once Upon a Time", which he used as the name for one of his residences at Kurraba Point and also a halfway house for troubled young men in Ryde.

Early years and success

Born in Albury, New South Wales,[1] Crowle worked as an electrician in Tasmania and a bicycle mechanic in Adelaide before becoming a successful car importer in Sydney.[2] He then travelled to the United States to learn electrical engineering and worked under Thomas Edison.[3] As an importer, Crowle introduced Australia to the Wurlitzer organ, Frigidaire refrigerators and Citroen cars.[4]

Wyldefel

Original mansion

In 1923, Crowle moved into the Wyldefel mansion at 10 Wylde Street, Potts Point, originally constructed in 1887. The luxurious property featured an extensive art collection obtained by Crowle during his extensive international travels.[5][6] The bathroom alone cost £3000 to develop and was considered "one of the most beautiful in Australia", featuring coloured windows from Belgium, a marble fountain and light fittings manufactured in Paris plus an aquarium built into the walls, open to outside light.[7] Crowle and his family lived there around six months out of the year, spending the rest of their time travelling overseas.

The property and its terraced waterfront gardens were a fashionable social destination in the decades that followed. Many lavish parties were held there, often as fundraisers for various causes. A Wurlitzer organ was installed at the property and recitals were held live to air on 2FC and 2BL.[8][9] During the Christmas season, Crowle would have children from Surry Hills (then a slum in the midst of the razor gang era) brought to Wyldefel by the Salvation Army to be fed, entertained and given presents by "Santa Claus."[10]

During this era, Wyldefel was also the residence of Italian Consul-General Marchese Agostino Ferrante di Ruffano and his wife.[11] Several receptions for visiting Italian dignitaries were held there.[12][13] In an account of one such evening in honour of visiting sailors from the Italian cruiser Armando Diaz, the Sydney Morning Herald recounted that "lights were switched on in the gardens, and many of the guests... lingered to admire the lovely effect of the beautiful old garden starred by clusters of lights against the background of the harbour at dusk."[14]

Wyldefel Gardens

Wyldefel Gardens in 1936
A young family on the balcony of one of the Wyldefel Gardens apartments in 1940, with pre-Kurraba Point "Once Upon a Time" intact and the original pre-Garden Island harbour views.

In 1935, Crowle decided to transform Wyldefel's terraced gardens into a series of sloped apartments to be named Wyldefel Gardens. He funded the redevelopment with an auction of his art collection [15] and turning the main mansion on the property into a guest house.[16]

Inspired by a design Crowle had seen in Germany, Wyldefel Gardens featured 20 apartments arranged in four steps with roof gardens for all – except for the waterfront apartment, which Crowle reserved for himself and named "Once Upon a Time." The property also featured an innovative gas-driven clothes heating system,[17] plus a shared lawn with gazing ball, tennis court and a swimming pool.[18][19]

"Once Upon a Time" in Kurraba Point

In 1940, the Royal Australian Navy announced their intention to reclaim land along Wylde Street in order to facilitate access to their new base at Garden Island. This meant that Wyldefel Gardens would lose the lower, waterfront section of the property, the remaining apartments would lose their water views to Navy buildings and Crowle's "Once Upon a Time" apartment would need to be demolished.

Crowle's solution was to transport "Once Upon a Time" across Sydney Harbour, brick-by-brick, and re-establish it at Kurraba Point.[20] The front of the property featured a quote from Goethe: "Live peaceably with all so shalt thou lead a happy life thyself." As the new location was adjacent to the Kurraba Point ferry wharf and the steep steps leading up to Kurraba Road, Crowle also installed a series of quotations on plaques for commuters to read as they hurried up and down, including: "If short my span, I less can spare to pass a single pleasure by. An hour is long if lost in care - they only live who life enjoy."[21]

"Once Upon a Time" in Ryde

Crowle playing pool with "Once Upon a Time" boys home residents, 1946.

In 1944, Crowle opened a halfway house for young men at 74-76 Belmore Street, Ryde, which he also named "Once Upon a Time."[22] The project, also known as the "W.A. Crowle Boys' Welfare Home" or simply the "Crowle Home", was embarked upon by Crowle in collaboration with Christ Church St Laurence and the Children's Court as an alternative to incarceration.[23]

Described as a "'New Deal' for delinquents", the experimental endeavour was administered by Christ Church St. Laurence's J.R. Maykin. Residents were allowed to attend a cinema unescorted one night a week, to spend Sunday afternoons freely, to receive mail without censorship, to have free access to their parents and also visits from girlfriends. Boys were also placed on controlled diets with white tablecloths and English cutlery for all meals, and given employment in the home's vegetable and poultry farms for which they were obligated to put savings aside. Maykin told The Sun:

I have given the boys the 'freedom of the city', as it were, but fatherly discipline is the watchword at all times... The boys are not being treated as rich men's sons. The institution has taken on the very serious task of making men healthy in mind and body - out of youths who have never had a chance to amount to anything in life.[24]

Above the door of the property was an inscribed quote from Crowle: "What's good in good if there is not a little bad to overcome?" Other quotes featured throughout the property included "Experience is the name men give to their mistakes", attributed to Oscar Wilde, and "Success is always a lonely job."[25]

In 1945, several residents threw a party at the house to mark the retirement of Magistrate F. Grugeon, who had sentenced them to "Once Upon a Time" residence in the Children's Court. Grugeon attended in person and was presented with a gift briefcase. The unusual occasion was documented in The Sun, who quoted an anonymous 17-year-old resident:

If anyone had tried to tell me 12 months ago that I'd be standing here making a presentation to a magistrate, I'd have told them they were plain nuts. Between cops and magistrates and child welfare inspectors, I've hardly had a minute's peace for years... This time I got a bit of a break, and along with most of the other kids here, I do appreciate it.[26]

Other endeavours

In 1946, Crowle obtained several stones from the ruin of the House of Commons in London, which had been destroyed during The Blitz. He offered to distribute them to universities, war memorials and the Australian Parliament in Canberra "to enable young people to gaze upon them and absorb some of the history attached to them."[27] Many institutions rejected his offer, and it is not known if any accepted. One of the stones was displayed by Crowle above the fireplace at "Once Upon a Time" Ryde[28] and another, in the form of a gargoyle, at "Once Upon a Time" Kurraba Point.[29]

That same year he was also fined £100 for failing to keep proper books in regard to the supply of liquor at Rose's Restaurant, for which he was formerly the proprietor.[30]

Death

Crowle died at "Once Upon a Time" Kurraba Point on 6 December 1948.[31] Three days later, his funeral service was held at Ernest Andrews Chapels in Chatswood. Thirty young male residents of "Once Upon a Time" Ryde formed a guard of honour, each wearing white carnations with black ribbons. Reverend C.K. Kenderdine spoke at the service, saying Crowle had built "Once Upon a Time" Ryde "not to make life easy for the boys, but to make it less hard." Wilfrid Thomas, a friend of Crowle's, read the Rudyard Kipling poem, "L'Envoi." Crowle was then cremated at the Northern Suburbs Crematorium in North Ryde.[32]

By request of the "Once Upon a Time" Ryde residents, his ashes were placed in an antique sundial fountain at the house.[33] A newspaper notice in honour of his passing was placed by the local United Grand Lodge, revealing that Crowle had been a Freemason.[34] In his final days, Crowle prepared Christmas messages for his friends that began arriving in the mail in the weeks after his death.[35]

Legacy and fate of his buildings

In 1952, "Once Upon a Time" Ryde was handed over to the Sub-Normal Children's Welfare Association. It remained in use as a rehabilitative home for disabled children for the rest of the 20th century.[36] In 2000, June Madden published a book about the history of "Once Upon a Time" Ryde, entitled A Home of Distinction.[37] In 2009, the home was passed to a private disability service provider named Achieve Australia. It was later developed into apartments, despite protests from locals and Crowle descendants.[38]

Crowle's art collection and belongings were auctioned off at least four more times - in 1959, 1968, 1979 and 1985.[39][40] Amongst the auctioned works was John Finnemore's The signing of the treaty of peace at Versailles, 28 June 1919, which is now on display at the Australian War Memorial.

The original Wyldefel mansion was demolished in the 1960s,[41] but the Wyldefel Gardens apartments remain intact in Potts Point today and are considered premium real estate.[42] "Once Upon a Time" Kurraba Point also still stands, with Crowle's original quotation plaques remaining on public view to ferry commuters as a permanent reminder of his contributions to Australian society.

References

  1. ^ Births, Deaths and Marriages NSW, registration 9211/1881.
  2. ^ "Death of Mr. W.A. Crowle". The Advertiser (Adelaide). 11 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  3. ^ "He saw life as a fairy tale". The Sun. 12 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  4. ^ Chancellor, Jonathan (16 October 2017). "Once upon a time there was a floating triplex". Domain. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  5. ^ "Home of Treasures". The Farmer & Settler. 1 August 1935. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  6. ^ Lawson, James R. "Catalogue of the magnificent furniture, art treasures, costly appointments and effects ... throughout the residence 'Wyldefel', Wylde Street, Potts Point". State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  7. ^ "£3000 Bathroom. Potts Point Luxury: Beauty from Abroad". The Sun (Sydney). 23 March 1927. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  8. ^ "Organ Recital". Northern Star (Lismore). 27 December 1930. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  9. ^ "Wurlitzer Installed in Potts Point Home to Be Heard Over the Air". Daily Pictorial (Sydney). 20 August 1930. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  10. ^ "Children Entertained". Sydney Morning Herald. 31 December 1926. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  11. ^ "Social Sidelights". The Sun (Sydney). 6 August 1933. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  12. ^ "Party at Wyldefel". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 July 1933. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  13. ^ "Musicale at Wyldefel". The Sydney Morning Herald. 25 August 1933. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  14. ^ "At Wyldfel. Cocktail Party. Italian Officers Welcomed". The Sydney Morning Herald. 29 October 1934. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  15. ^ "Art Gives Way to Garden Flats". The Daily Telegraph. 28 August 1935. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  16. ^ "Stately Mansion". The Farmer & Settler. 12 March 1936. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  17. ^ "Clothes Drying in Flats". The Sydney Morning Herald. 3 December 1945. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  18. ^ "Advertising". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 July 1936. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  19. ^ "Playhour in a garden". The Sun (Sydney). 25 October 1936. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  20. ^ Etches, Caroline (23 October 1986). "The house that floated across the harbour". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  21. ^ "Mottos of a Restaurateur". Smith's Weekly. 17 August 1946. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  22. ^ "Delinquents will live like sons of wealthy". The Sun (Sydney). 6 August 1944. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  23. ^ "Fairytale Boys Home". Pix. 4 January 1947. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  24. ^ ""Problem Boys" Test in Ideal Home Life". The Sun (Sydney). 19 November 1944. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  25. ^ "Once upon a time home at Ryde, October 1946". State Library of New South Wales. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  26. ^ "Party for the man who sentenced them". The Sun (Sydney). 18 November 1945. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  27. ^ "Commons Stones Brought from England". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 17 July 1946. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  28. ^ "Nobody wants relics of British Parliament". The Sun (Sydney). 9 June 1946. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  29. ^ "Sculpture from British Parliament building re-sited in gardens of apartments, Once Upon A Time, Kurraba Road, Neutral Bay". Stanton Library. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  30. ^ "No proper books: restaurant liquor". The Sydney Morning Herald. 12 February 1946. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  31. ^ "Death of city businessman". The Sun (Sydney). 7 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  32. ^ "Boys weep for man who helped them". The Daily Telegraph. 12 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  33. ^ "Boys' tribute to benefactor". The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). 31 October 1949. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  34. ^ "W.A. Crowle funeral listings". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  35. ^ "Last wishes". The Sun (Sydney). 20 December 1948. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  36. ^ "£25,000 House Handed Over". Daily Mirror (Sydney). 15 May 1952. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  37. ^ Madden, June (2000). A home of distinction : a history of the Crowle Foundation Ltd. Crowle Foundation.
  38. ^ "Proposed Crowle Home Site Redevelopment – Concept Plan MP10_0110" (PDF). NSW Government Planning Assessment Commission. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  39. ^ Alexander, John (10 March 1985). "For the Fourth Time of Asking, The Crowle Collection". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  40. ^ "Catalogue of the valuable household furniture, ... and general household appointments contained in the residence "Once upon a time",115A Kurraba Road, Neutral Bay... to be sold by auction, ... November, 1968". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  41. ^ Stewart, Meg (16 February 1985). "Sail P&O - on dry land". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  42. ^ Morrissey, Pauline (18 November 2023). "Twelve of our favourite homes for sale in NSW right now". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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