Vig (surname)

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Vig is an Indian (Punjab): Hindu Kshatriya and Sikh surname.

Vig's and Sanskrit

Vig is derived from the Sanskrit word Vijñāna. Vijñāna (Sanskrit: विज्ञान) or viññāṇa (Pali: विञ्ञाण)[1] is translated as "consciousness", "life force", "mind"[2], or "discernment"[3].

The term vijñāna is mentioned in many early Upanishads, where it has been translated by terms such as understanding, knowledge, and intelligence[4][5].

In the Pāli Canon's Sutta Pitaka's first four nikāyas, Vijñāna is one of three overlapping Pali terms used to refer to the mind, the others being manas and citta[6][7][8]. Each is used in the generic and non-technical sense of "mind" in general, but the three are sometimes used in sequence to refer to one's mental processes as a whole [9]. Their primary uses are, however, distinct [10].

Vig's and Kashmir Shaivism

Vigs were descendants of the followers of the Vigyan Bhairav Tantra (Sometimes spelled Vijñāna-bhairava-tantra) tradition.[11] This is a Shiva Tantra, of the Kaula Trika tradition of Kashmir Shaivism.[12] Kashmir Shaivism, is a nondualist Hindu tradition of Shaiva-Shakta Tantra which originated in Kashmir sometime after 850 CE.[13][14] Since this tradition originated in Kashmir, it is often called "Kashmiri Shaivism".

The institutional basis and support for the Kashmir Shaivism tradition mostly disappeared with Islamic conquests of the region leading to the slow decline and contraction of the tradition (thought it continued to be passed down and practiced well into the 18th century).[15]

Vig's and Sikhism

Although originating as Kashmiri Hindus that followed the tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, during the time of Guru Nanak's Third Udasi: (1514-1518 AD), Guru Nanak visited the 5000 year old Shiva Amarnath temple in 1516/17 while on his way back from Mount Kailash to Punjab where he had discussions on spirituality and religion with the Hindu Kashmiri Pundits there.[16] Around this time period, many Vig Hindus sought the path of Sikhism through Guru Nanak's teachings.[17]

In May of 1675, a congregation of Kashmiri Pundits requested help against Aurangzeb's oppressive policies, and Guru Tegh Bahadur decided to protect their rights. According to Trilochan Singh in Guru Tegh Bahadur: Prophet and Martyr, the convoy of Kashmiri Pandits who tearfully pleaded with the Guru at Anandpur were 500 in number and were led by a certain Pandit Kirpa Ram, who recounted tales of religious oppression under the governorship of Iftikhar Khan.[18]

The Kashmiri Pandits decided to meet with the Guru after they first sought the assistance of Shiva at the Amarnath Temple, where one of them is said to have had a dream where Shiva instructed the Pandits to seek out the ninth Sikh guru for assistance in their plight and hence a group was formed for carrying out the task.[18] Guru Tegh Bahadur left from his base at Makhowal to confront the persecution of Kashmiri Pandits by Mughal officials but was arrested at Ropar and put to jail in Sirhind.[19][20] Four months later, in November 1675, he was transferred to Delhi and asked to perform a miracle to prove his nearness to God or convert to Islam.[19] The Guru declined, and three of his colleagues, who had been arrested with him, were tortured to death in front of him: Bhai Mati Das was sawn into pieces, Bhai Dayal Das was thrown into a cauldron of boiling water, and Bhai Sati Das was burned alive. Thereafter on 11 November, Tegh Bahadur was publicly beheaded in Chandni Chowk, a market square close to the Red Fort.[21]

During this interaction with Guru Tegh Bahadur, many Kashmiri Hindus and followers of Kashmir Shaivism sough the path of Sikhism[22].

References

  1. ^ "Pali: Language and Literature", Pali Buddhist Texts, Routledge, pp. 10–12, 2012-12-06, doi:10.4324/9780203061039-5, ISBN 978-0-203-06103-9, retrieved 2024-02-21
  2. ^ Rhys Davids & Stede (1921–1925). "entry for "Viññāṇa"". The University of Chicago's "Digital Dictionaries of South Asia": 618 – via University of Chicago.
  3. ^ "Screenshot of Itunes Library - Archived Platform Itunes 2010". dx.doi.org. doi:10.3998/mpub.11435021.cmp.6. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  4. ^ Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli, ed. (2003). The principal Upaniṣads (11. impr ed.). New Delhi: HarperCollins Publ. India. ISBN 978-81-7223-124-8.
  5. ^ Bennet, Alex; Bennet, David (2008-04-11). "Moving from knowledge to wisdom, from ordinary consciousness to extraordinary consciousness". VINE. 38 (1): 7–15. doi:10.1108/03055720810870842. ISSN 0305-5728.
  6. ^ Axelrad, Hila; Mahoney, Kevin J. (2017). "Increasing the Pensionable Age: What Changes Are OECD Countries Making? What Considerations Are Driving Policy?". Open Journal of Social Sciences. 05 (7): 56–70. doi:10.4236/jss.2017.57005. ISSN 2327-5952.
  7. ^ "Sri Chinmoy Library". www.srichinmoylibrary.com. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  8. ^ Liangkang, Ni (2010), "The Ultimate Consciousness and Alaya-vijnana: A Comparative Study on Deep-Structure of Consciousness between Yogacara Buddhism and Phenomenology", Phenomenology 2010. Volume 1, Selected Essays from Asia and Pacific, Zeta Books, pp. 81–112, doi:10.7761/9789731997643_4, ISBN 978-973-1997-63-6, retrieved 2024-02-21
  9. ^ Allon, Mark (October 1997). "South Asia - Sue Hamilton: Identity and experience: the constitution of the human being according to early Buddhism. xxxi, 218 pp. London: Luzac Oriental, 1996. £30". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 60 (3): 571–573. doi:10.1017/s0041977x00032833. ISSN 0041-977X. S2CID 162873646.
  10. ^ Bodhi, Bhikkhu (2000). The connected discourses of the Buddha: a translation of the Samyutta Nikāya. The teachings of the Buddha. Boston (Mass.): Wisdom. ISBN 978-0-86171-331-8.
  11. ^ Sun, H; Zhao, Y; Chen, M; Jin, W (2018-02-15). "Abstract P1-03-09: Not presented". Cancer Research. 78 (4_Supplement): P1–03-09-P1-03-09. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-03-09. ISSN 0008-5472.
  12. ^ "Shiva, The Masculine Principle In Tantra – SivaSakti". Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  13. ^ Lawrence, David Peter (2017-11-22), Bilimoria, Purushottama (ed.), "Tantra and Kashmiri Śaivism", History of Indian Philosophy, Routledge, pp. 408–417, doi:10.4324/9781315666792, hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30113046, ISBN 978-1-315-66679-2
  14. ^ Goodall, Dominic (2023-01-26), "Śaiva Tantra", The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197549889.013.45, ISBN 978-0-19-754988-9, retrieved 2024-02-21
  15. ^ Hayes, Glen A., "The Necklace of Immortality", Tantra in Practice, Princeton University Press, pp. 308–325, doi:10.2307/j.ctv3hh53v.26, retrieved 2024-02-21
  16. ^ "Third Udasi - SikhiWiki, free Sikh encyclopedia". www.sikhiwiki.org. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
  17. ^ Singh, Komal J. B. (2020-11-28), "The 1947 Massacre and Its Impact on Sikhs in Kashmir", Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 281–297, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56481-0_14, ISBN 978-3-030-56480-3, S2CID 229411274, retrieved 2024-02-21
  18. ^ a b Singh, Kashmir (2013-10-01). "Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee". Oxford Handbooks Online. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199699308.013.039.
  19. ^ a b Grewal, J. S. (2003). The Sikhs of the Punjab. The new Cambridge history of India / general ed. Gordon Johnson 2, Indian States and the transition to colonialism (Rev. ed., transferred to digital print ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-63764-0.
  20. ^ Dhavan, Purnima (2011-11-02). When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-987717-1.
  21. ^ Singh, Pashaura; Fenech, Louis E. (March 2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199699308.
  22. ^ "The Supreme Sacrifice of Guru Tegh Bahadur - The Hindu Religion seeks Protection". www.sikhmissionarysociety.org. Retrieved 2024-02-21.
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