User:Rod57/sandbox

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User:Rod57/sandbox

todo

autonomously guided parafoil system ? or some other parent for Talk:Joint Precision Airdrop System & Onyx ? re reverted Onyx(disamb) 

∆v

create Oncotripsy wiktionary 2015, & eg [1]

Add More {{short description| text}} for {{annotated link| article}} to show eg in See also

older

User:Rod57/sandbox/JB

User:Rod57/sandbox/Cochrane-access

User:Rod57/sandbox/HST instrument graphic

ferropnictide currently redirects to iron-based superconductor

{{cn|date=February 2016}} {{reflist|close=1}}

File (image) test


C3H5O3 a small SIA page for molecules. See Wikipedia:Set_index_articles use {{set index article}}

<ref name= >{{cite journal |url= |title= |author= et al. |year=2015 |doi= |journal= }}</ref>

http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys598sc/fall08/SC2L13.pdf Timing is critical. Feb 2009. Nature Physics

hydrid nuclear compare with fission-fusion and fusion-fission and Nuclear fusion–fission hybrid

Wikipedia:List_of_Wikipedians_by_article_count

Study hyphen/dash rules eg Talk:Allan_variance#-_vs._.E2.80.93

Switendick criterion

Minimum hydrogen spacing in hydrides. Could mention in hydride ? -

Spacecraft designed for extreme conditions

Make sortable table inc year

(all are designed for cold and vacuum)

High temperature electronics

(Clarify analog (eg rf amps RX/TX), power switching or digital logic)

Semiconductor electronics can fail at high temperatures. Standard silicon based devices are often rated to run at up to 85°C.

Bulk silicon devices can be designed to operate (derated) to about 150°C.

Silicon on insulator can be made to operate at 225°C or 250°C[2] up to about 300°C (depending on the acceptable failure rate). [3][4]

Silicon carbide devices can operate at up to 500°C[5] (perhaps 600°C in theory).

Junction temperatures will be higher than packaging case temperatures.

Applications

(are device specs (below) quoting case temps or junction temps ?)

Automotive
up to 125°C
Military
up to 125°C
Aerospace
Well drilling
Down hole devices may be exposed to 250°C.[2]
Spacecraft
The hottest environment that has been attempted is the surface of Venus, (mean surface temperature of 735 K (462 °C; 863 °F ), by the Russian landers: The Venera 13 lander functioned for 127 minutes at 457 °C (855 °F). Venera 14 survived 57 minutes at a temperature of 465 °C (869 °F). The coolest place on Venus is the highest point, Maxwell Montes, with a temperature of about 655 K (380 °C).

Low orbits of Mercury are challenging as well eg to MESSENGER. Mercury has a maximum surface temperature of 695 K (420 °C).Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page).

Materials and technology

Wide-bandgap semiconductor materials can operate (electronically) at higher temperatures,[6]

Gallium nitride transistors can operate effectively up to ~400°C (~400°C[7])

experiments from 2004 : GaN HFET digital circuit technology - just SSI, eg 217 transistors, 31 stage ring oscillator, gates ~ 3x4 μm, gate delays increase at higher temps.
Maybe up to 1000°C Faster, smaller and more economical gallium nitride transistors says "Gallium nitride transistors, on the other hand, can withstand temperatures of up to 1000°C"

Gallium Arsenide GaAs can operate to ~175°C[7]

Silicon transistors (~150°C[7])

Material Bandgap Max operating temp notes/refs
Silicon 1.12 V ~150°C [7]
Gallium Arsenide 1.43 ~175°C [7]
Gallium nitride 3.44 V ~400°C [7]
Silicon carbide 3C-SiC 2.3 V
Silicon carbide 6H-SiC 3.0V
Silicon carbide 4H-SiC 3.3 V
Indium phosphide 1.35 V not used ?
Gallium phosphide 2.26 V not used ?

See List_of_semiconductor_materials#Table_of_semiconductor_materials

Although diamond can be used to make FETs; in air it starts to convert to graphite at ~700°C

Diamond based electronics (when developed) may be usable above 400°C.[8]

Non-semiconductor components

Resistors
Capacitors
NPO and COG capacitors to 500°C[5]
Magnetics
to ~ 400°C[5]

alnico usable permanent magnets to 538°C (or more : curie point up to 800°C )

Substrates
epoxy laminates ... ceramic?,
Solders
Valves
sensors
digital camera CCD or orthicon tube ?
wiring
Parker Solar Probe used niobium [alloy?] (mp=2480°C) for some HT wiring
flexible insulation

See also

References

  1. ^ https://phys.org/news/2020-01-ultrasound-cancer-cells-tuned-frequencies.html
  2. ^ a b Updated Results from Deep Trek High Temperature Electronics Development Programs
  3. ^ "HiTEC 300°C sensor module".
  4. ^ Honeywell HTSOI CMOS
  5. ^ a b c HIGH TEMPERATURE ELECTRONICS ( > 485 °C) FOR VENUS EXPLORATION. Cilio
  6. ^ Kirschman, Randall, ed. (1999), High-Temperature Electronics, NY: IEEE Press, ISBN 0-7803-3477-9
  7. ^ a b c d e f Why Gallium Nitride?
  8. ^ Breakthrough gives diamond electronics sparkle. 2002

Further reading

WP:PHARMOS suggestions

Talk goes on about notability - but content only needs to be balanced and verifiable

Different suggested sections for :

  • long approved drug (pre-2000) (as per PHARMOS ?)
    • include off-label use subsection
    • include early approvals (maybe in history ?)
  • Recently approved drug (see stub below)
    • Approvals and indications
  • investigational drug (always notable)
    • Clinical trials
  • preclinical 'drug' (if notable)
    • Mechanism of action

ano-drug stub

{{[[Template:Infobox drug |Infobox drug ]]}} for medications

is a

Approvals and indications

Mechanism of action

Clinical trials

References

Stub icon

This oncology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Stub icon

This pharmacology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

other

Devaluation[s] of sterling

  • 1931
  • 1947 loan in $
  • 1949
  • 1967 Wilson down to 17s6d $2.40, IMF-loan in $?
  • 1985 ? before UK/Lawson started to shadow Mark (2.9 DM - 3.0 DM) ?
  • 1989 -20%
  • joined ERM Oct 1990 at 2.95DM +-6% floor = 2.77 left 16 Sept 1992 after spending £6Bn [3]
  • ( Sale of UK gold reserves, 1999–2002 "Brown's bottom" )

For pre 1968 See external link in London Gold Pool :

Comparision with Kepler

( add to Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite )

table : Nr of stars to be monitored % of full sky Duration of mission Duration of orbits detectable

Civil engineering project fatalities

cf deaths on voyages of discovery

  • Cook-1/2/3
  • Magellan
  • Drake ?

oldest functioning ... : power stations/planes ...

Flyback F-1

  1. redirectSpace Shuttle design process
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[4] says "The Flyback F-1 (fig. 6-8) is a winged, recoverable derivative of the Saturn V first stage. It was studied extensively in 1971 and Boeing proposed it for use as the first stage of the shuttle. Its development was estimated to cost $5 billion and to require a 7-yr lead time. It would replace the solid motors as the first stage of the HLLV. The propellants are mainly kerosene and oxygen."

To do : Find more RS, then (maybe) convert this to stub with more RS, Mention in target SSDP? Saturn, F-1?

Drug salts

References


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