User:Jogruber/sandbox
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A : Highlight your text, then click here to format it with bold, italics, etc. The "More" options allows you to underline, add code snippets, and change language keyboards.
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Cite: The citation tool in the visual editor helps format your citations. You can simply paste a DOI or URL, and the visual editor will try to sort out all of the fields you need.[1] Be sure to review it, however, and apply missing fields manually (if you know them). You can also add books, journals, news, and websites manually. That opens up a quick guide for inputting your citations. Finally, you can click the "re-use" tab if you've already added a source and just want to cite it again.
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 | This is a user sandbox of Jogruber. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
I think that the introduction section could be more detailed. I think it would be important to add the normal frequency range for normal males before and after puberty as well as more detailed information about how vocal folds normally mature. [2]
I would also like to add to the "causes" section and add a new section titled "assessment". [3]
Puberphonia
Lead:
Puberphonia is the characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty once the vocal folds have reached adult size. It is a condition that predominantly affects males and most often arises during adolescence. There are three main variants of puberphonia related to the level of anatomical change. [4] The most common presentation of the condition is characterized by a normal adult larynx and an increased pitch due to the vocal folds adopting the falsetto position. A second variant can occur when the laryngeal development is prolonged during puberty. Lastly, puberphonia can occur due to an incomplete transformation of the larynx into the adult form. [4]
As spontaneous recovery is rare, the condition often requires voice therapy training, larynx manipulation, or surgery to correct.
Signs and Symptoms:
During puberty, changes in the larynx typically result in a decrease in pitch in both males and females. On average, the male voice deepens by one octave while the female voice lowers by a few semitones.[5]The fundamental frequency (pitch) of an adult female typically falls between 165 to 255 Hz and an adult male between 85 and 180 Hz.[6] Anatomical changes during puberty include enlargement of the larynx for both sexes. However, the larynx descends and grows significantly larger in males which often results in a visible laryngeal prominence on the neck (Adam’s Apple).[7] Additionally, male vocal folds become longer and thicker and resonant cavities become larger.[7] These changes contribute to a deepening of the voice characteristic of pubescent males.
Puberphonia is characterized by the failure to transition into the lower pitched voice of adulthood. In conjunction with an atypically high pitch, common symptoms include a weak, breathy, or hoarse voice as well as a low vocal intensity, pitch breaks, and shallow breathing. [7] [8]
Editing the Puberphonia lead section:
Puberphonia (also known as mutational falsetto or functional falsetto) is a type of voice disorder characterized by the habitual use of a high-pitched voice after puberty. Typically, individuals with puberphonia do not present with underlying anatomical abnormalities. Instead, the disorder stems from inappropriate use of the voice mechanism. The habitual use of a high pitch while speaking is associated with tense muscles surrounding the vocal folds. [9]
Voice therapy performed by a speech-language pathologist (S-LP), is usually effective in treating puberphonia.[10] Both direct and indirect treatment options can help improve functional voice disorders like puberphonia.[10]
- ^ "Montreal Florist, delivery flowers same day delivery - FLEURISTE POURQUOI PAS FLEURS". www.pourquoipasfleurs.com. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
- ^ 1943-, Baken, R. J. (Ronald J.), (1987). Clinical measurement of speech and voice. Boston: College-Hill Press. ISBN 9780887442926. OCLC 13526730.
{{cite book}}:|last=has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Thiagarajan, Balasubramanian (2015). "Puberphonia Conservative Approach: A Review". Otolaryngology Online Journal. 5.
- ^ a b Diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders. Rubin, John S. (John Stephen). New York: Igaku-Shoin. 1995. ISBN 0896402762. OCLC 31903364.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ C.,, Stemple, Joseph. Clinical voice pathology : theory and management. Roy, Nelson,, Klaben, Bernice, (Fifth edition ed.). San Diego, CA. ISBN 9781597565561. OCLC 985461970.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Titze, I.R. (1994). Principles of Voice Production, Prentice Hall (currently published by NCVS.org) (pp. 188), ISBN 978-0-13-717893-3.
- ^ a b c Aronson, Arnold Elvin; Bless, Diane M. (2009). Clinical Voice Disorders.
- ^ The management of voice disorders. Morrison, M. D. (Murray D.) (1st ed ed.). London: Chapman & Hall Medical. 1994. ISBN 9781489929037. OCLC 623663763.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ C.,, Stemple, Joseph. Clinical voice pathology : theory and management. Roy, Nelson,, Klaben, Bernice, (Fifth edition ed.). San Diego, CA. ISBN 9781597569330. OCLC 985461970.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Jani, Ruotsalainen; Jaana, Sellman; Laura, Lehto; Jos, Verbeek (2008-05-01). "Systematic review of the treatment of functional dysphonia and prevention of voice disorders". Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 138 (5): 557–565. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.01.014.