User:Drhyoo/sandbox
Header: Pharmacology
Subheader: Excretion
Due to the large propensity of THC and CBD being hepatically metabolized, a greater proportion of metabolites are excreted via feces than in the urine.[1]
After delta-9-THC is hydroxylated into 11-OH-THC via CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4, it undergoes phase II metabolism into more than 30 metabolites. A majority of these metabolites are products of glucuronidation. Approximately 65% is excreted in feces and 25% in the urine, while the remaining 10% is excreted not in feces or urine.[1] The terminal half-life is approximately 25-36 hours.[2]
CBD is hydroxylated by P450 liver enzymes into 7-OH-CBD. Its metabolites are products of primarily CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity, with potential activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6.[3] Similar to delta-9-THC, a majority of CBD is excreted in feces and some in the urine.[1] The terminal half-life is approximately 18-32 hours.[4]
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- ^ a b c Gaston, Tyler E.; Friedman, Daniel (2017-05-01). "Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy". Epilepsy & Behavior. Cannabinoids and Epilepsy. 70 (Part B): 313–318. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.11.016.
- ^ Grotenhermen, Franjo (2003-04-01). "Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cannabinoids". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 42 (4): 327–360. doi:10.2165/00003088-200342040-00003. ISSN 0312-5963.
- ^ Juřica, Ondřej Zendulka, Gabriela Dovrtělová, Kristýna Nosková, Miroslav Turjap, Alexandra Šulcová, Lumír Hanuš and Jan (2016-02-29). "Cannabinoids and Cytochrome P450 Interactions". Current Drug Metabolism. 17 (3).
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ohlsson, Agneta; Lindgren, Jan-Erik; Andersson, Susanne; Agurell, Stig; Gillespie, Hampton; Hollister, Leo E. (1986-02-01). "Single-dose kinetics of deuterium-labelled cannabidiol in man after smoking and intravenous administration". Biological Mass Spectrometry. 13 (2): 77–83. doi:10.1002/bms.1200130206. ISSN 1096-9888.