Thorium dicarbide

Thorium dicarbide
Identifiers
CAS Number	12071-31-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.926
EC Number	235-131-4;
	InChI InChI=1S/2C.Th Key: DQIWLHDGOYYZII-UHFFFAOYSA-N;
	SMILES [Th].[C].[C];
Properties
Chemical formula	ThC2
Related compounds
Other anions	Thorium disilicide
Other cations	Uranium dicarbide
Related compounds	Thorium carbide
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Thorium dicarbide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula ThC₂.

Preparation

Thorium dicarbide can be produced by reacting metal thorium and graphite at 2000~2500 °C:^[1]

Th + 2C → ThC₂

Properties

Physical

Thorium dicarbide is a yellow crystalline solid that decomposes in water.^[2] It ignites at 2773 °C and becomes superconducting at 9 K.^[3] At room temperature it has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/c (space group no. 15). At temperatures between 1430 °C and 1480 °C it exists in a tetragonal phase and above that in a cubic crystal structure.^[4]

Chemical

Thorium dicarbide can be rapidly hydrolyzed in the air to generate thorium dioxide, hydrogen and hydrocarbons.^[5] Its reaction rate is 10 times that of the corresponding uranium dicarbide.^[6] It can also react with acids, such as sulfuric acid, to generate thorium(IV) sulfate.^[7]

References

^ Elton B. Hunt, R. E. Rundle (Oct 1951). "The Structure of Thorium Dicarbide by X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction 1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73 (10): 4777–4781. doi:10.1021/ja01154a090. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2020-11-03.
^ Lide, David R. (2006-06-26). 1998 Freshman Achievement Award. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8.
^ RÖMPP Lexikon Chemie, 10. Auflage, 1996-1999: Band 6: T - Z (in German). Georg Thieme Verlag. 2014-07-16. ISBN 978-3-13-200071-1.
^ Bowman, A. L.; Krikorian, N. H.; Arnold, G. P.; Wallace, T. C.; Nereson, N. G. (1968-08-15). "The crystal structures of ThC2". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 24 (8): 1121–1123. doi:10.1107/S056774086800378X. ISSN 0567-7408.
^ Perry, Dale L. (2016-04-19). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
^ G. B. Engle, W. V. Goeddel, C. S. Luby (Mar 1962). "Reaction-Rate Studies of Thorium-Uranium Dicarbides in Moist Air". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 45 (3): 136–141. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11102.x. ISSN 0002-7820. Retrieved 2020-11-03.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Yasuichi Sasaki, Fujio Ichikawa, Hisashi Imai, Shinobu Uruno (Jul 1962). "Acid Leaching of Thorium Carbide". Nature. 195 (4838): 267–268. Bibcode:1962Natur.195..267S. doi:10.1038/195267a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 29040177. Retrieved 2020-11-03.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External reading

D.W. Jones, I.J. McColm, R. Steadman, J. Yerkess (Jun 1987). "A neutron-diffraction study of the tetragonal-monoclinic crystal structures of some uranium-thorium dicarbides". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 68 (2): 219–226. Bibcode:1987JSSCh..68..219J. doi:10.1016/0022-4596(87)90306-9. Archived from the original on 2018-06-26. Retrieved 2020-11-03.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Archived (Date missing) at linkinghub.elsevier.com (Error: unknown archive URL)
Ishino, Toshio; Tamura, Hideo. Thorium carbides. Technology Reports of the Osaka University, 1965. 16 (658–684): 315–324. ISSN: 0030-6177. CODEN: TROUAI.

[1] Elton B. Hunt, R. E. Rundle (Oct 1951). "The Structure of Thorium Dicarbide by X-Ray and Neutron Diffraction 1". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 73 (10): 4777–4781. doi:10.1021/ja01154a090. ISSN 0002-7863. Retrieved 2020-11-03.

[2] Lide, David R. (2006-06-26). 1998 Freshman Achievement Award. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8.

[3] RÖMPP Lexikon Chemie, 10. Auflage, 1996-1999: Band 6: T - Z (in German). Georg Thieme Verlag. 2014-07-16. ISBN 978-3-13-200071-1.

[4] Bowman, A. L.; Krikorian, N. H.; Arnold, G. P.; Wallace, T. C.; Nereson, N. G. (1968-08-15). "The crystal structures of ThC2". Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry. 24 (8): 1121–1123. doi:10.1107/S056774086800378X. ISSN 0567-7408.

[5] Perry, Dale L. (2016-04-19). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.

[6] G. B. Engle, W. V. Goeddel, C. S. Luby (Mar 1962). "Reaction-Rate Studies of Thorium-Uranium Dicarbides in Moist Air". Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 45 (3): 136–141. doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1962.tb11102.x. ISSN 0002-7820. Retrieved 2020-11-03.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[7] Yasuichi Sasaki, Fujio Ichikawa, Hisashi Imai, Shinobu Uruno (Jul 1962). "Acid Leaching of Thorium Carbide". Nature. 195 (4838): 267–268. Bibcode:1962Natur.195..267S. doi:10.1038/195267a0. ISSN 0028-0836. S2CID 29040177. Retrieved 2020-11-03.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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v t e Thorium compounds
Th(II)	ThI₂ ThO
Th(III)	ThCl₃ ThF₃ ThI₃
Th(IV)	ThO₂ Th(OH)₄ ThC ThCl₄ ThF₄ ThI₄ ThSiO₄ ThOF ₂ Th(C₂O₄)₂ ThS₂ ThSe₂ Th(NO₃)₄ Th(C₈H₈)₂ Th(HCOO)₄ Th(CH₃COO)₄ ThP₇

Identifiers
CAS Number	12071-31-7^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.926
EC Number	235-131-4
InChI InChI=1S/2C.Th Key: DQIWLHDGOYYZII-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [Th].[C].[C]
Properties
Chemical formula	ThC₂
Related compounds
Other anions	Thorium disilicide
Other cations	Uranium dicarbide
Related compounds	Thorium carbide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references