Skew deviation
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Skew deviation is an unusual ocular deviation (strabismus), wherein the eyes move upward (hypertropia) in opposite directions. Skew deviation is caused by abnormal prenuclear vestibular input to the ocular motor nuclei, most commonly due to brainstem or cerebellar stroke. Other causes include multiple sclerosis and head trauma. Skew deviation is usually characterized by torticollis (head tilting) and binocular torsion. The exact pathophysiology of skew deviation remains incompletely understood. Skew deviation appears to be a perturbation of the ocular tilt reaction, which is itself is most likely a vestigial righting response used to keep fish and other lateral-eyed animals properly oriented.[1]
There are three types of skew deviations:[2]
Type 1: Upward deviation of both eyes; sound-induced vestibular symptoms; both eyes show counterclockwise rotary upward rotation
Type 2: Hypertropia in one eye; dorsolateral medullary infarctions; excyclotropia in the ipsilateral eye; hypertropia in the contralateral eye
Type 3: Simultaneous hypertropia one eye and hypotropia in the other eye; upper brainstem lesion
References
- ^ Brodsky, Michael C.; Donahue, Sean P.; Vaphiades, Michael; Brandt, Thomas (March 1, 2006). "Skew Deviation Revisited". Survey of Ophthalmology. 51 (2): 105–128. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.12.008. PMID 16500212.
- ^ Brandt, T.H.; Dieterich, M. (1991). "Different types of skew deviation". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 54 (6): 549–550. doi:10.1136/jnnp.54.6.549. PMC 488598. PMID 1880519.
Further reading
- Adams, Raymond D.; Victor, Maurice; Ropper, Allan H. (1997). Principles of Neurology (6 ed.). New York: McGraw Hill, Health Professions Division. ISBN 978-0-07-067439-4.[page needed]
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