Sea-Watch 4

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Humanity 1 in Siracuse

The Humanity 1 is a German Search and Rescue Ship. The former German research ship is owned by Sea-Watch e. V. who are using the ship for SAR operations of refugees in distress on the Mediterranean Sea. Previously, the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) operated the ship under the name of Poseidon, after the Greek god of the sea, with the State of Schleswig-Holstein as the owner. In January 2020 the ship was auctioned and bought by Sea-Watch e. V. and renamed Sea-Watch 4 on 20 February 2020.[1]

History

The ship was built in 1975/76, under construction number 2266 at the Schichau Unterweser shipyard in Bremerhaven. The keel was laid on 4 November 1975, and the launch took place on 2 May 1976. The ship was completed in August 1976, and on 30 August 1976 the ship was put into service.[2] The construction of the ship cost around 23 million DM and was financed 90% from funds from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany) (BMFT) and 10% from funds from the State of Schleswig-Holstein.[3] The ship was operated by the Kiel Institute for Oceanography until 2003 and then by the Leibniz Institute for Marine Sciences at the University of Kiel, IFM-GEOMAR, (created through the merger of the Institute for Oceanography and the GEOMAR Research Center of the University of Kiel), which on 1 January 2012 became the GEOMAR Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research Kiel.[4] The ship was managed by Briese Schiffahrt in Leer.[5][6]

The Poseidon was the second German research ship with this name. From 1902 to 1938 there was a research ship Poseidon, the Reichsforschungsdampfer Poseidon, measuring 481 GRT, which was mainly used for fisheries research in the seas of the European shelf.[7]

GEOMAR still operates the research vessel Alkor [fr] as well as the research cutter Littorina [fr] and the boat FB Polarfuchs [fr], which originally served as a laboratory together with the research vessel Polarstern (built 1982).

In 2022, the research vessel Meteor IV was ordered at Meyer Werft and Fassmer to replace the Meteor and the Poseidon in 2026.[8]

Description

The ship was able to stay at sea as a research vessel for around three weeks[2] and had an operational radius of around 4,200 nautical miles. The area of operation was limited to the Atlantic Ocean and its marginal seas. The ship was used for oceanographic, marine biological, geological and geophysical research. The ship had five laboratories (including a wet laboratory, dry laboratory and chemical laboratory) and was equipped with winches, cranes (including an NMF working crane for loads of up to 5 tonnes and a stern boom from MacGregor that could be swivelled by 85 ° for loads of up to 5 tonnes ) as well as various hydroacoustic systems, including a multi-beam echo sounder.[4]

The ship is powered by diesel-electric technology. The fixed propeller, which is equipped with a Becker rudder, is driven by an electric motor from the manufacturer Lloyd Dynamowerke with an output of 930 kW at 280 rpm. Three diesel-powered generators are available to generate electricity. The ship was originally built with two diesel-powered generators, and another diesel generator set was installed in the early 1980s. This expanded the range and operational area of the ship, which could now also sail the open North Atlantic.[4] There is also an auxiliary and port diesel.

The diesel engines were replaced at the beginning of the 21st century by MTU diesel engines of the 12V2000M type, each with an output of 575 kW at 1500 rpm. A little later, the diesel engine driving the auxiliary and harbor generator was also replaced by a Scania DI12/62M diesel engine with an output of 280 kW.[9]

The ship is equipped with a bow thruster designed as a water jet drive with 290 kW of power at 500 rpm. It has a fin stabilizer that reduces the roll of the ship while in motion.

The crew of the research vessel was 15 people. Scientists had eleven places in five double and one single cabin.[4]

The open working deck behind the superstructure is around 135 m2. A 20-foot and a 10-foot container could also be carried on the deck.

Acquisition by Sea Watch

In September 2019 the ship was put up for sale by VEBEG.[9] In December the ship was decommissioned after over 43 years and 539 expeditions. As a research vessel, the ship is to be replaced by a new build, the Meteor, in 2024.[2]

On 31 January 2020, Sea-Watch e.V., with the support of the United4Rescue [de] alliance and the Evangelical Church in Germany, bought the ship for around 1.547 million euros,[10] for use to rescue migrants from distress in the Mediterranean.[1] The ship was renamed on 20 February 2020 as Sea-Watch 4.[11][12][13] Regional Bishop Heinrich Bedford-Strohm vowed that the church would assist with operation of Sea-Watch 4.[14]

Conversion for rescue operations

After being converted into a rescue ship, the ship has a crew of 26 people. Up to 300 refugees can be taken in, in extreme emergencies up to 900 for a short time. A separate area with 24 beds is available for women and children. In addition, an infirmary with two treatment places was set up. The kitchen, in which food can be prepared for over 100 passengers, was taken over from the research ship.[15][16]

Rescue operations

The activists set out on their mission on 15 August 2020 from the Spanish port of Burriana in the province of Castellón and headed for the central Mediterranean.[17] On 22 August they took over seven people from another rescue ship off Libya in the sea area off Tripoli and the smugglers' stronghold of az-Zawiya. Italian media identified this second ship as a former speedboat of the French customs (DF 42),[18] which is now operated as Louise Michel, also by German activists under the German flag and which had been anchored days earlier together with the Sea-Watch 4 in Burriana.[19] Another 97 people were brought on board on 23 August followed by around 100 migrants the following day.[20] Several EU states and the Red Cross then negotiated about the landing of the migrants in the European Union.[21] The ship was finally allowed to call at Palermo, where the 353 migrants were transferred to the GNV Allegra ferry on 2 September for a two-week quarantine.[22]

According to their own information, the crew of the Humanity 1 rescued 200 boat migrants from distress at sea on December 2 and 3, 2023 and brought them to the southern Italian port city of Crotone. The Italian authorities then detained the ship. The blockade is valid for 20 days and a fine of 3,333 euros has also been imposed. The operating organization wants to take legal action and sue against the arrest in the port city in Calabria.[23]

References

  1. ^ a b André Klohn; Matthias Hoenig (31 January 2020). "Die "Poseidon" wird zum Flüchtlingsschiff" [The "Poseidon" becomes a refugee ship]. Die Welt. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b c "Tschüß Poseidon! Pressemitteilung" [Goodbye Poseidon! press release]. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
  3. ^ "F. S. "Poseidon": Vorgeschichte, Bau und Ausrüstung" [F. S. "Poseidon": previous history, construction and equipment]. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  4. ^ a b c d "FS Poseidon, Handbuch für Nutzer (PDF; 3 MB)" [FS Poseidon, user manual] (PDF). GEOMAR – Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Die mittelgroßen Forschungsschiffe in Deutschland" [The medium-sized research ships in Germany]. Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  6. ^ "Organisation der Forschungsschiffe" [Organization of research vessels]. Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  7. ^ "Poseidon". Konsortium Deutsche Meeresforschung.
  8. ^ "Milestone for environmental and marine research Fassmer and MEYER Group combine know-how for the construction of the research vessel METEOR IV". 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
  9. ^ a b "Mehrzweck-Forschungsschiff Poseidon (PDF; 3,1 MB)" [Multi-purpose research vessel Poseidon] (PDF). VEBEG.
  10. ^ "Zuschlagspreise" [Surcharge prices]. VEBEG.
  11. ^ "Flüchtlingsschiff der evangelischen Kirche getauft" [Refugee ship of the Evangelical Church christened]. Die Welt. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
  12. ^ "United4Rescue". www.united4rescue.co. Retrieved 2020-03-03.
  13. ^ "Video: Wir schicken ein Schiff – Reportage & Dokumentation – ARD | Das Erste" [Video: We're sending a ship - Report & Documentation - ARD | The first] (in German). Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  14. ^ "Evangelischer Pressedienst: Bedford-Strohm: Europa handelt bei Seenotrettung verantwortungslos" [Evangelical press service: Bedford-Strohm: Europe acts irresponsibly when it comes to sea rescue]. sonntagsblatt.de. 30 July 2020.
  15. ^ "Man lässt keine Menschen ertrinken" [You don't let people drown]. www.kirche-hamburg.de.
  16. ^ "Freudentränen bei der Taufe der "Sea-Watch 4" Rettungsschiff mit kirchlichem Segen" [Tears of joy at the christening of the "Sea-Watch 4" rescue ship with church blessing]. www.domradio.de. 20 February 2020. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
  17. ^ ""Sea-Watch 4" ist zu erster Rettungsmission aufgebrochen" [“Sea-Watch 4” has set off on its first rescue mission]. welt.de. 15 August 2020.
  18. ^ "Solidaires Info AéroMaritime (SIAM) - Mai / Juin 2020" (PDF). www.solidaires-douanes.org. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  19. ^ "Fabio Albanese: "Il genio e i soldi di Banksy in una barca per aiutare i migranti in difficoltà"". lastampa.it. 22 August 2020.
  20. ^ ""Sea-Watch 4" sucht Hafen für 200 Geflüchtete". SZ. 24 August 2020.
  21. ^ "Migranten an Bord der "Sea-Watch 4" dürfen nach Palermo". kathpress.at. 1 September 2020.
  22. ^ "Fabio Albanese: "Migranti, sulla nave-quarantena i 353 della Sea Watch 4"". lastampa.it. 2 September 2020.
  23. ^ "SOS Humanity: Deutsches Seenotrettungsschiff in Italien festgesetzt" [SOS Humanity: German sea rescue ship arrested in Italy]. tagesschau.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-12-04.
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