Rio Negro gnatcatcher
| Rio Negro gnatcatcher | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Polioptilidae |
| Genus: | Polioptila |
| Species: | P. facilis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Polioptila facilis Zimmer, JT, 1942
| |
| |
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher (Polioptila facilis) is a species of bird in the family Polioptilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.[1]
Taxonomy and systematics
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher is monotypic. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the Guianan gnatcatcher (Polioptila guianensis) but since mid-2019 has been considered a separate species based on significant differences in morphology and vocalization.[2][3][4]
Description
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long and weighs 6 to 7 g (0.21 to 0.25 oz). The male's head, breast, and back are bluish gray and its belly white with minimal contrast between the two colors. The innermost feathers of its tail are black and the outermost white, with those between intergrading. The female is similar but paler.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher is found in northern Amazonas state in Brazil and the immediately adjacent parts of southern Venezuela and eastern Colombia. Much of its range is drained by the Rio Negro, a blackwater tributary of the Amazon River. It inhabits the borders and canopy of humid primary forest, mostly below 500 m (1,600 ft) elevation.[5]
Behavior
Feeding
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher's diet is little known but is assumed to be arthropods like that of other Polioptila gnatcatchers. It actively forages, usually as part of mixed-species flocks.[5]
Breeding
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher's breeding phenology has not been documented.[5]
Vocalization
The Rio Negro gnatcatcher's song is repeated high notes [1].[5]
Status
The IUCN has not assessed the Rio Negro gnatcatcher. "The species’ ecoregion of primary occurrence...[is] not considered to be at any serious risk".[5]
References
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.1)". Retrieved January 14, 2021.
- ^ Whitney, B.M.; Alonso, J.A. (2005). "A new species of gnatcatcher from white-sand forests of northern Amazonian Peru with revision of the Polioptila guianensis complex". Wilson Bulletin. 117 (2): 113–127. doi:10.1676/04-064.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 23 May 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved May 24, 2021
- ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D. (June 2019). "IOC World Bird List (v 9.2)". Retrieved June 22, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Atwood, J. L., S. B. Lerman, and G. M. Kirwan (2020). Rio Negro Gnatcatcher (Polioptila facilis), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.guigna2.01 retrieved May 29, 2021