QSO J0100-2708

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QSO J0100-2708
QSO J0100-2708 seen by DESI Legacy Surveys
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationSculptor
Right ascension01h 00m 12.250s
Declination-27d 08m 51.80s
Redshift3.520000
Heliocentric radial velocity1,055,270 km/s
Distance11.516 Gly (light travel time distance)
Apparent magnitude (V)0.063
Apparent magnitude (B)0.084
Surface brightness18.73
Other designations
2MASS J01001231-2708533, PMN J0100-2708, NVSS J010012-270851, XQ-100 J0100-2708, OCARS 0057-274

QSO J0100-2708 is a quasar located in the constellation Sculptor. With a redshift of 3.520000, the object is located 11.5 billion light-years away from Earth[1] and contains a flat-spectrum radio source found brighter compared to S4.8 GHz=65 mJy.[2]

Characteristics

A luminous quasar at the redshift of (z ≥ 3), QSO J0100-2708 is classified a radio-loud and a candidate for gigahertz-peaked spectrum (GPS) sources.[3] It is an important tool for studies according to researchers since these high redshift quasars like this, provide information of the growth of supermassive black holes and evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the early universe.[4] Moreover, it is possible QSO J0100-2708 evolved through continuous gas exchanges that is surrounded by circum-galactic medium (CGM) and intergalactic medium (IGM) providing cold, T ~ 104 K, gas accretion.[5][6] These gases are then dispersed through feedback mechanisms driven by galactic winds and accretions through black holes where they increase up to ≈0.1 decimal exponent at τ_{H I}=1 to ≈1 decimal exponent at τ_{H I}=10^2, .[7]

Observed by the XQ-100 survey, an ESO Large Program obtaining X-shooter spectra of 100 3.5 < z < 4.7 QSOs in period between February 10, 2012, and February 23, 2014,[8] QSO J0100-2708 is found to have an intervening Lyman-alpha system.[9] Such of the intervening Lyman-alpha systems like in QSO J0100-2708, contains metal absorbers with an O i equivalent widths of W1302 > 0.05, declining as the redshift decreases. This means the quasar has a weak metal-enriched gas around the host galaxy that is driven by a weak metagalactic ionizing background.[10]

It is theorized that QSO J0100-2708 has star-forming regions in its host galaxy containing massive stars with characteristic mass of ~10 M⊙ and a maximum mass possibly extending up to ~1000 M⊙.[11][12] They exploded rapidly as supernovas thus enriching the surrounding gas with the first heavy elements, but soon became metal poor afterwards as the heavy elements decreased.[13]

Black hole

Using the data from ESO, researchers have found out the supermassive black hole in QSO J0100-2708 has an estimated solar mass of log (MBH/M⊙) = 8.6−10.3 with its bolometric luminosity estimated from the 3000 Å continuum in the range log (Lbol/erg s−1 ) = 46.7 − 48.0. This enables wide follow-up research in quasar astrophysics, from its chemical abundance to the evolution in the broad-line regions and radiatively driven quasar outflows.[14]

References

  1. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  2. ^ Healey, Stephen E.; Romani, Roger W.; Taylor, Gregory B.; Sadler, Elaine M.; Ricci, Roberto; Murphy, Tara; Ulvestad, James S.; Winn, Joshua N. (2007-07-01). "CRATES: An All-Sky Survey of Flat-Spectrum Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 171 (1): 61–71. arXiv:astro-ph/0702346. Bibcode:2007ApJS..171...61H. doi:10.1086/513742. ISSN 0067-0049.
  3. ^ Sotnikova, Yu; Mikhailov, A.; Mufakharov, T.; Mingaliev, M.; Bursov, N.; Semenova, T.; Stolyarov, V.; Udovitskiy, R.; Kudryashova, A.; Erkenov, A. (2021-12-01). "High-redshift quasars at z ≥ 3 - I. Radio spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 508 (2): 2798–2814. arXiv:2109.14029. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.508.2798S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stab2114. ISSN 0035-8711.
  4. ^ Urry, C. Megan; Padovani, Paolo (1995-09-01). "Unified Schemes for Radio-Loud Active Galactic Nuclei". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 107: 803. arXiv:astro-ph/9506063. Bibcode:1995PASP..107..803U. doi:10.1086/133630. ISSN 0004-6280.
  5. ^ Birnboim, Yuval; Dekel, Avishai (2003-10-01). "Virial shocks in galactic haloes?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 345 (1): 349–364. arXiv:astro-ph/0302161. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.345..349B. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06955.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
  6. ^ Theuns, Tom (2021-01-01). "Connecting cosmological accretion to strong Ly α absorbers". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 500 (2): 2741–2756. arXiv:2010.15857. Bibcode:2021MNRAS.500.2741T. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3412. ISSN 0035-8711.
  7. ^ Turner, Monica L.; Schaye, Joop; Crain, Robert A.; Theuns, Tom; Martin, Wendt (2016). "Observations of metals in the z ≈ 3.5 intergalactic medium and comparison to the EAGLE simulations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (3): 2440. arXiv:1605.08700. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462.2440T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1816.
  8. ^ Vernet, J.; Dekker, H.; D'Odorico, S.; Kaper, L.; Kjaergaard, P.; Hammer, F.; Randich, S.; Zerbi, F.; Groot, P. J.; Hjorth, J.; Guinouard, I.; Navarro, R.; Adolfse, T.; Albers, P. W.; Amans, J. -P. (2011-12-01). "X-shooter, the new wide band intermediate resolution spectrograph at the ESO Very Large Telescope". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 536: A105. arXiv:1110.1944. Bibcode:2011A&A...536A.105V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117752. ISSN 0004-6361.
  9. ^ "The evolution of neutral gas in damped Lyman α systems from the XQ-100 survey". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  10. ^ D. Becker, George; Pettini, Max; Rafelski, Marc; D'Odorico, Valentina (2019). "The Evolution of O i over 3.2 < z < 6.5: Reionization of the Circumgalactic Medium". The Astrophysical Journal. 883 (2): 163. arXiv:1907.02983. Bibcode:2019ApJ...883..163B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab3eb5.
  11. ^ Hosokawa, Takashi; Omukai, Kazuyuki; Yoshida, Naoki; Yorke, Harold W. (2011-12-01). "Protostellar Feedback Halts the Growth of the First Stars in the Universe". Science. 334 (6060): 1250. arXiv:1111.3649. Bibcode:2011Sci...334.1250H. doi:10.1126/science.1207433. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 22075723.
  12. ^ Hirano, Shingo; Hosokawa, Takashi; Yoshida, Naoki; Umeda, Hideyuki; Omukai, Kazuyuki; Chiaki, Gen; Yorke, Harold W. (2014-02-01). "One Hundred First Stars: Protostellar Evolution and the Final Masses". The Astrophysical Journal. 781 (2): 60. arXiv:1308.4456. Bibcode:2014ApJ...781...60H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/781/2/60. ISSN 0004-637X.
  13. ^ Saccardi, Andrea; Salvadori, Stefania; D'Odorico, Valentina; Cupani, Guido; Fumagalli, Michele; A. M. Berg, Trystyn (2023). "Evidence of First Stars-enriched Gas in High-redshift Absorbers*". The Astrophysical Journal. 948 (1): 35. arXiv:2305.02346. Bibcode:2023ApJ...948...35S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acc39f.
  14. ^ Lai, Samuel; A. Onken, Christopher; Wolf, Christian; Bian, Fuyan; Cupani, Guido; Lopez, Sebastian; D'Odorico, Valentina (2023). "Virial Black Hole Mass Estimates of Quasars in the XQ-100 Legacy Survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 526 (3): 3230. arXiv:2310.00271. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.526.3230L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad2994.
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