Shrike-babblers

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Shrike-babblers
Blyth's shrike-babbler (Pteruthius aeralatus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Vireonidae
Genus: Pteruthius
Swainson, 1832
Type species
Lanius erythropterus[1]
Vigors, 1831

The shrike-babblers are a group of small birds in the genus Pteruthius. They are native to the Indomalayan realm, and were traditionally placed in the family Timaliidae before molecular phylogenetic studies in 2007 found that they were best considered as belonging to the family Vireonidae which was then thought to be restricted to the New World. They were traditionally classified into five species with several subspecies but changes in the status of these species on the basis of the phylogenetic species concept suggest more forms in a cryptic species complex.[2][3] Most species are found in montane forests, with some species descending down to lower altitudes during the winter.

The shrike-babblers range in size from 11.5–20 cm in length and weigh 10-48 g. They are divergent in plumage and size but all possess a stout black hooked bill, short rictal bristles and a distinctive juvenile plumage. They all exhibit sexual dimorphism in plumage, with the males generally brighter. The song is simple and monotonous.[2]

None of the species are considered threatened by human activities.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus was created by Swainson in 1832 based on the etymology that their wings were red. The emended spelling of Ptererythrius suggested by Strickland was used by some works but dropped as unjustified in later works.[4] The name Allotrius was used by Temminck in 1838 but Swainson's name has priority. The genus characteristics include a short bill with the culmen sharply ridged with hooked and notched tip. The nostril openings are oval and covered by some rictal bristles. The first primary is less than half the length of the second. The scales on the front of the tarsus are sometimes fused to form a long scutum.[5]

Extant species

Based on the differences established by the phylogenetic studies and on the basis of call variations, the group has been classified into seven species:[6]

Image Common Name Scientific name Subspecies Distribution
Green shrike-babbler Pteruthius xanthochlorus
  • P. x. occidentalis Harington, 1913
  • P. x. xanthochlorus Gray, JE & Gray, GR, 1847
  • P. x. hybrida Harington, 1913
  • P. x. pallidus (David, 1871)
 Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam
Black-eared shrike-babbler Pteruthius melanotis
  • P. m. melanotis Hodgson, 1847
  • P. m. tahanensis Hartert, 1902
 Southeast Asia from the Himalayas to western Malaysia
Black-headed shrike-babbler Pteruthius rufiventer
  • P. r. rufiventer Blyth, 1842
  • P. r. delacouri Mayr, 1941
 eastern Nepal to northwestern Vietnam
White-browed shrike-babbler Pteruthius aeralatus
  • P. a. validirostris Koelz, 1951
  • P. a. ricketti Ogilvie-Grant, 1904
  • P. a. aeralatus Blyth, 1855
  • P. a. schauenseei Deignan, 1946
  • P. a. cameranoi Salvadori, 1879
  • P. a. robinsoni Chasen & Kloss, 1931
  • P. a. annamensis Robinson & Kloss, 1919
  • P. a. ripleyi Biswas, 1960
 northern Burma to southern Cambodia
Pied shrike-babbler Pteruthius flaviscapis Java.
Clicking shrike-babbler Pteruthius intermedius
  • P. i. intermedius (Hume, 1877)
  • P. i. aenobarbulus Koelz, 1954
 Assam, India, eastern Myanmar to southern China, and southern Vietnam
Trilling shrike-babbler Pteruthius aenobarbus Java.

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Pteruthius:

References

  1. ^ "Vireonidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
  2. ^ a b Reddy, Sushma (2008). "Systematics and biogeography of the shrike-babblers (Pteruthius): Species limits, molecular phylogenetics, and diversification patterns across southern Asia" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 47 (1): 54–72. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2008.01.014. PMID 18313946. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-25.
  3. ^ Reddy, Sushma; Cracraft, Joel (2007). "Old World Shrike-babblers (Pteruthius) belong with New World Vireos (Vireonidae)" (PDF). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 44 (3): 1352–1357. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.023. PMID 17412613.
  4. ^ Strickland, H.E. (1841). "Commentary on Mr. G.R.Gray's 'Genera of Birds,' 1840". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 7 (41): 26–41. doi:10.1080/03745484109442660.
  5. ^ Gadow, Hans (1883). Catalogue of the Passeriformes or perching birds in the collection of the British Museum. Cichlomorphae. Part V. London: British Museum. pp. 112–116.
  6. ^ Rheindt, Frank E.; Eaton, James A. (2009). "Species limits in Pteruthius (Aves: Corvida) shrike-babblers: a comparison between the Biological and Phylogenetic Species Concepts" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2301: 29–54. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2301.1.2.
  7. ^ "Pachycephala melanura spinicaudus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-05.

External links

Retrieved from "https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Shrike-babblers"