Prince Richard of Hesse

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Prince Richard
Born(1901-05-14)14 May 1901
Frankfurt, German Empire
Died11 February 1969(1969-02-11) (aged 67)
Frankfurt, Germany
Names
Richard Wilhelm Leopold
HouseHesse-Kassel
FatherPrince Frederick Charles of Hesse
MotherPrincess Margaret of Prussia

Prince Richard of Hesse (Richard Wilhelm Leopold; 14 May 1901 – 11 February 1969) was a German prince and politician. He was Obergruppenführer in the National Socialist Motor Corps (NSKK) and President of the German Road Safety Association.

Early life

Prince Richard and his twin brother Christophe were born on 14 May 1901 in Frankfurt am Main, in Prussian Hesse as the fifth son Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse and his wife Princess Margaret of Prussia. His great-grandmother was Queen Victoria, his mother was the youngest sister of Emperor Wilhelm II. He was born as a twin, whom the other twin was Prince Christoph of Hesse, who married Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark.[1]

Richard, affectionately nicknamed "Ri" by his family, grew up in a loving and close-knit family[2]. He received a cosmopolitan education, given by governesses and tutors of different nationalities. In addition to German, he learned English, which the family used extensively in their private life[3].

World War 2

The First World War and the fall of the imperial regime

Too young to be mobilized when the First World War broke out, Richard and Christopher of Hesse-Cassel spent most of the conflict in Kronberg, where they were educated at the Reform Realgymnasium. Unlike his twin brother, who did not take the exam, Richard obtained the abitur[4] in 1920[5].

In 1918, the defeat of the Germany against the Entente was accompanied by a wave of revolutions which overthrew the Germanic dynasties one by one. Closely linked to the former Kaiser Wilhelm II, whose sister was Princess Marguerite, the Hesse-Cassel were then attacked by the revolutionaries. Their horses and cars were thus confiscated and the family went through great moments of anguish[6]. In this unstable context, Richard and Christophe engage as auxiliaries (hilfsdient) to protect the transports passing through Kronberg while awaiting the arrival of the French occupation troops[7].

Training and love life

After World War I, Richard studied civil engineering and mechanical engineering at the Darmstadt University of Technology. Passionate about transport engineering and automotive engineering, he also joined the Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club[5].

From a sentimental point of view, Richard falls under the spell of a distant cousin, the princess Sophie of Greece, met around 1927. However, the teenager falls in love finally of Christophe de Hesse-Cassel, and it is the latter that she married, in 1930[8].

Adherence to Nazism

Like his three brothers, Richard was enthusiastic about Nazism. In 1932, the prince thus joined simultaneously the SA and the NSDAP{{sfn|Petropoulos|2006|p=48, 112, 125 and 382} }. During the summer of 1933, he also actively participated in the organization of events linked to the Nazi party and in particular to the Template:5th Nuremberg Congress[9].

Subsequently, Richard became a general (Obergruppenführer) in the Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps (NSKK), a special unit of the SA corps, and obtained leadership of the Motorgruppe Hessen in 1935[5] · [9]. He also played an important role in the establishment of the Reich motorways[9].

From a more political point of view, the prince ran, without success, in the legislative elections of March 1936 and April 1938Template:Ref nec.

The Second World War and its consequences

Prince Richard enlisted in the German Army shortly after the outbreak of the Second World War. With his brother Wolfgang, he participated in the invasion and occupation of Norway from {{date-||April|1940} }[10].

HASfollowing the strengthening of the "decree of the princes", Richard was however informed of his dismissal from the army by the Reichsleiter Martin Bormann in October 1943. He was also relieved of his duties in the Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps[11].

At the same time, his older brother Philippe and his sister-in-law Mafalda of Italy were arrested by the Hitler regime[12] while another of his brothers, Christopher of Hesse-Cassel, died in mysterious circumstances[13].

Post-war and its consequences

The defeat of Germany and its occupation by the Allies brought new difficulties to Richard's life. Arrested by the Americans shortly after the capitulation of his country, the prince was interned for sixteen months in the camp of Moosburg, in [[Bavaria] ][14]. He was finally released during the summer of 1946[15].

Several months later, the prince underwent a denazification trial. In August 1948, he was thus placed in category III ("minor offender") of those responsible for the Nazi regime. Having appealed this decision, he was finally classified in category IV (“fellow travelers”), in May 1949[16] .

Meanwhile, the jewels of the House of Hesse-Kassel were stolen by American officers in 1946[17] and only Template:Unit of the stolen objects were finally returned to their rightful owners, in 1951[18].

Recent years

After the Second World War, Richard assisted his brother Wolfgang for a while in the management of the Hessische Hausstiftung[5].

Subsequently, he was appointed to the traffic surveillance of the state of Hesse. This function later led him to exercise the presidency of the Deutsche Verkehrswacht [de][5].

In the same years, Richard of Hesse-Cassel joined the spiritual movement of “Moral Rearmament”, founded by the Lutheran pastor Frank Buchman. There he rubbed shoulders with his cousin, King [[Michel I (king of Romania)|Michel Template:Ist of Romania]][19].

The prince died in 1969[20].

Ancestry

See also: Descendants of Queen Victoria

References

  1. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 31.
  2. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 36.
  3. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 35-36.
  4. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 36 and 47.
  5. ^ a b c d e Rainer von Hessen (September 26, 2020). [https:/ /www.lagis-hessen.de/pnd/105809527 "Hessen, Richard Prinz von [ID = 15901]"]. Hessische Biografie (in of). Retrieved November 21, 2020. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link).
  6. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 54-55.
  7. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 55.
  8. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 91-92.
  9. ^ a b c Petropoulos 2006, p. 125.
  10. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 227.
  11. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 311-312.
  12. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 290-303.
  13. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 305 and 308-310.
  14. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 325, 330 and 365.
  15. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 325.
  16. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 329-330.
  17. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 344.
  18. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 349.
  19. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 365-366.
  20. ^ Petropoulos 2006, p. 46.
  21. ^ Cite error: The named reference gotha was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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