Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4443
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 4443 (also P.Oxy. 65. 4443, TM 61923, LDAB 3080, Rahlfs 0996) is a fragment of a Septuagint manuscript (LXX) written on papyrus in scroll form.[1] It is the oldest extant manuscript that contains Esther 8:16–9:3 of the Septuagint text and verse numbering,[2][3] according to the text of LXX. The manuscript has been assigned palaeographically to 50–150 CE.
Description
This fragment of a papyrus roll contains 31 lines of text in 3 columns.[4] It is of semi-cursive script type.[5]
Treatment to the name of God
The Hebrew book of Esther does not contain the tetragrammaton, so Anthony R. Meyer states that "it is well-known that the Tetragrammaton does not occur, and God plays virtually no role in the narrative. In the translation of this book, then, we have no reason to expect to find κύριος".[6] A remarkable feature of the Greek Book of Ester, is that it has written the word θεός uncontracted,[7] in Greek apocryphal additions,[8][9] in which the word θεός (אֱלהִים) is not found in the Book of Esther of the Hebrew Bible (e.g. masoretic text).[10]
The scroll form and the presence of the uncontracted word θεός (theos, not in nomina sacra form) suggest that it is of Jewish rather than Christian origin.[11] The Masoretic Text of Esther makes no mention whatever of God under any title, although God is mentioned throughout the Septuagint text of the book and even more often in the independent "Alpha Text".[12][13][14]
Content
The text of the fragment consists mainly of a letter of Ahasuerus that Jerome moved to form chapter 16:1–24 of the Vulgate. It is also referred to as Addition E and in the Septuagint text stood between verses 8:12 and 8:13 of the shorter Masoretic Text.[15] According to Richard H. Hiers addition E "makes much pious reference to the power and justice of God".[16]
Location
This manuscript comes from Bahnasa, Oxyrhychus, Egypt.[4] Currently the manuscript is kept in Oxford, Sackler Library, Papyrology Rooms P. Oxy. 4443.[4]
References
- ^ "P. Oxy. 65 4443 (Luchner, K.)". Leuven Database of Ancient Books.
- ^ J. K. Elliott (July 1999). "Five New Papyri of the New Testament". Novum Testamentum. 41, Fasc. 3 (3). Brill: 209–213. doi:10.1163/156853699323281243. JSTOR 1561379.
- ^ Martin Hengel (2004). Septuagint As Christian Scripture. Old Testament studies. A&C Black. p. 42. ISBN 9780567082879.
- ^ a b c "4443 P. Oxy. 65 = Trismegistos 61923 = LDAB 3080". Papyri info. Trismegistos.
- ^ William G. Thompson; David Edward Aune (2001). The Gospel of Matthew in Current Study: Studies in Memory of William G. Thompson, S.J. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 9780802846730.
- ^ Meyer 2022, pp. 251.
- ^ Cole, Zachary (2017). Numerals in Early Greek New Testament Manuscripts: Text-Critical, Scribal, and Theological Studies. BRILL. p. 157. ISBN 9789004343757.
- ^ Watson E. Mills; Richard F. Wilson (2002). The Deuterocanonicals/Apocrypha. Mercer University Press. p. 27. ISBN 9780865545106.
- ^ Richard H. Hiers (2001). The Trinity Guide to the Bible. A&C Black. p. 263. ISBN 9781563383403.
- ^ Reinhartz, Adele (1998). "The Greek book of Esther". In Carol Ann Newsom; Sharon H. Ringe (eds.). Women's Bible Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 286.
- ^ Zachary Cole (2017). Numerals in Early Greek New Testament Manuscripts: Text-Critical, Scribal, and Theological Studies. BRILL. p. 157. ISBN 9789004343757.
- ^ Jean-Daniel Macchi, Esther (Kohlhammer Verlag 2019)
- ^ Brittany Melton, Where is God in the Megilloth?: A Dialogue on the Ambiguity of Divine Presence and Absence (BRILL 2018), p. 69
- ^ Aaron Koller, Esther in Ancient Jewish Thought (Cambridge University Press 2014), p. 35
- ^ James C. Vanderkam, An Introduction to Early Judaism (Eerdmans 2001), p. 85
- ^ Richard H. Hiers (2001). The Trinity Guide to the Bible. A&C Black. p. 263. ISBN 9781563383403.
Sources
- Hacham, Noah; Ilan, Tal, eds. (2022). The Early-Roman Period (30 BCE–117 CE). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9783110787764.
- Meyer, Anthony R. (2022). Naming God in Early Judaism: Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek. Studies in Cultural Contexts of the Bible. Vol. 2. Brill I Schoeningh. ISBN 978-3-657-70350-0.
External links
