59 kDa 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like protein is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the OASLgene.[5][6]
2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase is a protein family of structurally similar proteins, including OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3. However, mutations in the OAS domain mean it lacks the motif to allow oligomerization, preventing the synthesis of oligoadenylates. OASL, like the proteins of 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase family, is induced by interferons.
Function
RNA Virus Infection
In RNA virus infection, viral genetic material binds to the RNA sensor RIG-I, triggering a reaction cascade that culminates in the secretion of type I interferons.[7] OASL acts as a sensitiser of RIG-I, binding to the caspase activation and recruitment domain and enhancing interferon production.[8]
DNA Virus Infection
While OASL has an anti-viral role in RNA viral infection, it has also demonstrated a pro-viral role in DNA viral infection.[9] OASL can bind to the viral DNA sensor cGAS, inhibiting its catalytic activity and preventing the secretion of interferons.[10]
Intracellular Bacterial Infection
OASL is shown to be upregulated during a wide variety of vacuolar and cytosolic bacterial infections.[11] It posesses an ability to inhibit autophagic mechanisms and antimicrobial peptide secretion within the host cell through unclear mechanisms, preventing clearence of the pathogen and creating a favourable intracellular environment.[12]
See also
Oasl2, a mouse gene, which is a paralog of mouse gene Oasl1, the ortholog of this gene
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Hovnanian A, Rebouillat D, Levy ER, Mattei MG, Hovanessian AG (May 1999). "The human 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-like gene (OASL) encoding the interferon-induced 56-kDa protein maps to chromosome 12q24.2 in the proximity of the 2',5'-OAS locus". Genomics. 56 (3): 362–3. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5737. PMID10087211.
^Rex, Viktoria; Stempel, Markus; Halle, Stephan; Brinkmann, Melanie M (2023). "The two faces of oligoadenylate synthetase-like: effective antiviral protein and negative regulator of innate immunity". Current Opinion in Virology. 60: 101329. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101329. PMID37079941.
