Nasutixalus
| Nasutixalus | |
|---|---|
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| Nasutixalus jerdonii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Rhacophoridae |
| Subfamily: | Rhacophorinae |
| Genus: | Nasutixalus Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016[1] |
| Type species | |
| Nasutixalus medogensis Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Nasutixalus is a genus of frogs in the family Rhacophoridae.[2][4] The genus is found in northeastern India and adjacent southeastern Tibet[2] as well as western Yunnan (China);[5] the range might extend into the adjacent Nepal[2] and Myanmar.[5] Common name ridged-nose treefrogs has been coined for this genus.[1]
Etymology
The name Nasutixalus is derived from the Latin nasutus meaning "large-nosed", and ixalus, which is a generic stem for treefrogs.[1]
Taxonomy
Nasutixalus was erected in 2016 to accommodate Nasutixalus medogensis. The species was described based on a single specimen. Molecular data suggested that this specimen represented a distinct lineage with the family Rhacophoridae, warranting recognition as a new genus.[1] In a study published only two days later, Sathyabhama Das Biju and colleagues erected a new monotypic genus Frankixalus for Polypedates jerdonii; the name of the genus honours Franky Bossuyt from the Free University of Brussels.[3] Because of the earlier publication date, priority is given to Nasutixalus, rendering Frankixalus synonymous.[2][6]
A specimen first identified as Theloderma moloch was genetically distinct from other Theloderma and made the genus paraphyletic.[7] Later analysis showed that Theloderma moloch collected near its type locality indeed cluster with other Theloderma, whereas the anomalous specimen belongs to the same lineage as Nasutixalus jerdonii[3] and is now described as Nasutixalus medogensis.[1]
Species
There are three species:[2][4]
- Nasutixalus jerdonii (Günther, 1876)
- Nasutixalus medogensis Jiang, Wang, Yan, and Che, 2016
- Nasutixalus yingjiangensis Yang and Chan, 2018
Description
Nasutixalus are cryptic,[5] medium-sized frogs: adult males measure 37–45 mm (1.5–1.8 in) and adult females 47–48 mm (1.9–1.9 in) in snout–vent length.[3][5] Fingers have rudimentary webbing whereas the toes are moderately webbed.[1][3][5]
Habitat and reproduction
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Nasutixalus are arboreal and live in montane evergreen forests.[5] Male Nasutixalus jerdonii and N. yingjiangensis call from tree holes.[3][5] Eggs of N. jerdonii have been found in water-filled tree holes, adhering on the inner walls slightly above the water surface. Tadpoles were found in water and had eggs in their stomachs, i.e., they are oophagous. Oophagy is considered an adaptation in phytotelm-breeding frogs for a nutrient-deficient environment. Whether the observed eggs were conspecific is not known, although circumstantial evidence suggests so.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Jiang, Ke; Yan, Fang; Wang, Kai; Zou, Da-Hu; Li, Cheng & Che, Jing (2016-01-18). "A new genus and species of treefrog from Medog, southeastern Tibet, China (Anura, Rhacophoridae)". Zoological Research. 37 (1): 15–20. doi:10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.1.15. PMC 4834735. PMID 26828030.
- ^ a b c d e f Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Nasutixalus Jiang, Yan, Wang, and Che, 2016". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Biju, S. D.; Senevirathne, Gayani; Garg, Sonali; Mahony, Stephen; Kamei, Rachunliu G.; Thomas, Ashish; Shouche, Yogesh; Raxworthy, Christopher J. & Meegaskumbura, Madhava (2016-01-20). "Frankixalus, a new rhacophorid genus of tree hole breeding frogs with oophagous tadpoles". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0145727. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1145727B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145727. PMC 4720377. PMID 26790105.
- ^ a b "Rhacophoridae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Yang, Jian-Huan & Chan, Bosco Pui-Lok (2018). "A new phytotelm-breeding treefrog of the genus Nasutixalus (Rhacophoridae) from western Yunnan of China". Zootaxa. 4388 (2): 191–206. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4388.2.3. PMID 29690452.
- ^ Sivongxay, N.; Davankham, M.; Phimmachak, S.; Phoumixay, K. & Stuart, B. L. (2016-08-05). "A new small-sized Theloderma (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Laos". Zootaxa. 4147 (4): 433–442. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.5. PMID 27515627.
- ^ Li, Jia-tang; Che, Jing; Murphy, Robert W.; Zhao, Hui; Zhao, Er-mi; Rao, Ding-qi & Zhang, Ya-ping (2009). "New insights to the molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the Rhacophoridae (Amphibia: Anura) based on five nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, with comments on the evolution of reproduction". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 53 (2): 509–522. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.023. PMID 19616637.