List of shipwrecks in 1998

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The list of shipwrecks in 1998 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during 1998.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
table of contents
← 1997 1998 1999 →
Jan Feb Mar Apr
May Jun Jul Aug
Sep Oct Nov Dec
Unknown date
References

January

1 January

List of shipwrecks: 1 January 1998
Ship State Description
Santa Anna  Panama The tanker ran aground on Thatcher Rock, Torquay, Devon, United Kingdom.[1]

3 January

List of shipwrecks: 3 January 1998
Ship State Description
Legasea  United States A large catch of herring in the 51-foot (15.5 m) seiner′s nets sank, breaking her boom and causing her to capsize and sink in Eastern Channel near Sitka, Alaska. Her crew of five survived.[2]

16 January

List of shipwrecks: 16 January 1998
Ship State Description
Flare  Cyprus The bulk carrier broke in two in severe weather and sank off Saint Pierre and Miquelon with the loss of 21 crew.

26 January

List of shipwrecks: 26 January 1998
Ship State Description
Dominion  United States The 66-foot (20.1 m) salmon seiner capsized and sank in the Shelikof Strait off Cape Karluk (57°35′10″N 154°30′50″W / 57.58611°N 154.51389°W / 57.58611; -154.51389 (Cape Karluk)) on the coast of Alaska's Kodiak Island after her catch shifted. Her crew of three survived.[3]

30 January

List of shipwrecks: 30 January 1998
Ship State Description
La Conte  United States The 66-gross ton, 77.1-foot (23.5 m) longline fishing vessel sank in rough weather in the Gulf of Alaska approximately 60 nautical miles (110 km; 69 mi) west of Cape Spencer, Alaska, with the loss of two lives. A United States Coast Guard helicopter rescued her three survivors.[2]

February

15 February

List of shipwrecks: 15 February 1998
Ship State Description
Evangeline  United States While trying to anchor southwest of Montague Island off the south-central coast of Alaska, the 46-foot (14.0 m) longline cod-fishing vessel struck rocks and capsized in the surf. Her crew of three survived.[4]
Oaxaca  United States The 36-foot (11.0 m) crab-fishing vessel was wrecked in Glacier Bay in Southeast Alaska. Her crew of two survived.[5]

16 February

List of shipwrecks: 16 February 1998
Ship State Description
Emma Arline  United States The 38-foot (11.6 m) salmon troller was wrecked in Southeast Alaska approximately 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north of Petersburg, Alaska. The two people aboard survived.[4]

17 February

List of shipwrecks: 17 February 1998
Ship State Description
Marie Bouanga  Democratic Republic of the Congo The cargo ship collided with Zircone ( Italy) near Borkum Riff, Germany (53°48′N 6°21′E / 53.800°N 6.350°E / 53.800; 6.350). She was declared a constructive total loss and subsequently scrapped.[6]

22 February

List of shipwrecks: 22 February 1998
Ship State Description
SLNS Pabbatha  Sri Lanka Navy Sri Lankan Civil War: The landing ship was sunk by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.[7]

March

23 March

List of shipwrecks: 23 March 1998
Ship State Description
Demetrios II  Honduras
Demetrios II aground

The cargo ship ran aground off Paphos, Greece in bad weather. All eight crew were rescued by helicopter.

27 March

List of shipwrecks: 27 March 1998
Ship State Description
Loretta C  United States The 36-foot (11.0 m) longline halibut-fishing vessel was destroyed in the harbor at Petersburg, Alaska, by a fire that began in a stove.[2]

April

7 April

List of shipwrecks: 7 April 1998
Ship State Description
USS Hull  United States Navy The decommissioned Forrest Sherman-class destroyer was sunk as a target in the Pacific Ocean off the United States West Coast at 32°35′00.9″N 120°32′00.3″W / 32.583583°N 120.533417°W / 32.583583; -120.533417 ("USS Hull (DD-945)").

9 April

List of shipwrecks: 9 April 1998
Ship State Description
Cathy  United States The 38-foot (11.6 m) salmon troller was destroyed by fire in Sitka Sound in Southeast Alaska. Her crew of two survived.[8]

16 April

List of shipwrecks: 16 April 1998
Ship State Description
Sumaqu  United States The 105-foot (32 m) fish tender burned and sank in Chatham Strait in the Alexander Archipelago near Tenakee Springs in Southeast Alaska. Her crew of two survived.[9]

26 April

List of shipwrecks: 26 April 1998
Ship State Description
Evanick  United States After the 36-gross ton, 50-foot (15.2 m) fishing vessel's EPIRB sent a distress signal, a United States Coast Guard helicopter found her capsized south of the Shelikof Strait near the south coast of the Alaska Peninsula in Alaska 17 nautical miles (31 km; 20 mi) east-southeast of Cape Providence (54°47′N 156°17′W / 54.783°N 156.283°W / 54.783; -156.283 (Cape Providence)). She later sank in 612 feet (187 m) of water. The bodies of the four men aboard were never found.[4]

May

7 May

List of shipwrecks: 7 May 1998
Ship State Description
Riptide  United States The 8-gross ton, 32-foot (9.8 m) longline cod-fishing vessel burned and sank in Amee Bay (57°12′30″N 153°11′30″W / 57.20833°N 153.19167°W / 57.20833; -153.19167 (Amee Bay)) near Old Harbor, Alaska. The fishing vessel Sarah M ( United States) rescued all three members of her crew.[10]

16 May

List of shipwrecks: 16 May 1998
Ship State Description
Lorvon  United States The 50-foot (15.2 m) longline halibut-fishing vessel sank in the Bering Sea northeast of Umnak Island in the Aleutian Islands 2 nautical miles (3.7 km; 2.3 mi) east of Cape Tanak (53°33′50″N 168°00′00″W / 53.56389°N 168.00000°W / 53.56389; -168.00000 (Cape Tanak)). The fishing vessel Heritage ( United States) rescued her three-member crew from a life raft.[2]
St. Michael  Malta The tug was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea off Marsaskala as an artificial reef.[11]
Tug No. 10  Malta The tug was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea off Marsaskala as an artificial reef.[11]

18 May

List of shipwrecks: 18 May 1998
Ship State Description
Bonnie Gale  United States The 33-foot (10.1 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel sank at the mouth of the Copper River on the south-central coast of Alaska during a gale. The only person aboard survived.[12]
Christopher A  United States The 30-foot (9.1 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel was wrecked at the mouth of the Copper River on the south-central coast of Alaska during a gale. Her crew of two survived.[8]

28 May

List of shipwrecks: 28 May 1998
Ship State Description
Merit  United States The 32-foot (9.8 m) salmon gillnet fishing vessel was destroyed by fire in Prince William Sound on the south-central coast of Alaska near Port Nellie Juan (60°33′00″N 148°09′45″W / 60.55000°N 148.16250°W / 60.55000; -148.16250 (Port Nellie Juan)). Her crew of two survived.[13]

June

2 June

List of shipwrecks: 2 June 1998
Ship State Description
Dove  United States The 30-foot (9.1 m) salmon gillnetter capsized in the surf and was lost off the Kokinhenik Bar (60°18′30″N 145°05′00″W / 60.30833°N 145.08333°W / 60.30833; -145.08333 (Kokinhenik Bar)) in the Copper River Flats on the south-central coast of Alaska. The only person aboard perished.[3]

4 June

List of shipwrecks: 4 June 1998
Ship State Description
Cheechako  United States The 36-foot (11.0 m) longline halibut-fishing vessel burned and sank approximately 14 nautical miles (26 km; 16 mi) southwest of Ninilchik, Alaska.[8]

9 June

List of shipwrecks: 9 June 1998
Ship State Description
Hualien Express  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines The cargo ship ran aground at Kandla, India. She was refloated on 8 August; the salvage was completed on 18 August and she was then sold for scrapping.[14]
Pearl  United States The 26-foot (7.9 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel capsized and sank in the Copper River Flats in Southcentral Alaska. The only person aboard perished.[15]

16 June

List of shipwrecks: 16 June 1998
Ship State Description
Angela B  United States The 30-foot (9.1 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel was destroyed in Bristol Bay off the coast of Alaska by a fire that started in her engine room. Her crew of three survived.[16]

23 June

List of shipwrecks: 23 June 1998
Ship State Description
Unidentified submarine  Korean People's Navy The Yugo-class submarine became entangled in the nets of a South Korean fishing trawler and was subsequently taken in tow by Republic of Korea Navy vessels. The submarine sank with the loss of all eight crew.[17][18]

25 June

List of shipwrecks: 25 June 1998
Ship State Description
Yenducer  United States The 32-foot (9.8 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel was destroyed by an engine room fire in Bristol Bay off Alaska. Her entire crew of three survived.[19]

July

9 July

List of shipwrecks: 9 July 1998
Ship State Description
Tadoussac  Canada The lake freighter ran aground in the St. Clair River. The vessel was carrying a load of coal and required five tugboats to free the ship.[20]

10 July

List of shipwrecks: 10 July 1998
Ship State Description
Rothenbach II  United States The retired 165-foot (50.3 m) gasoline barge was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean 7.2 nautical miles (13.3 km; 8.3 mi) off Atlantic City, New Jersey, at 39°14.498′N 074°21.483′W / 39.241633°N 74.358050°W / 39.241633; -74.358050 (Rothenbach II).[21]

16 July

List of shipwrecks: 16 July 1998
Ship State Description
USS YW-127  United States Navy The decommissioned 165-foot (50.3 m) water barge was scuttled as an artificial reef in 125 feet (38 m) of water in the North Atlantic Ocean off New Jersey at 40°06.419′N 073°41.460′W / 40.106983°N 73.691000°W / 40.106983; -73.691000 (YW-127). Her wreck was named "Mako Mania."[22]

19 July

List of shipwrecks: 19 July 1998
Ship State Description
Nerka II  United States The 32-foot (9.8 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel was destroyed by fire at Naknek, Alaska. The only person on board survived.[23]

22 July

List of shipwrecks: 22 July 1998
Ship State Description
USS Badger  United States Navy The decommissioned Knox-class frigate was sunk as a target by units of the United States Third Fleet ( United States Navy) during the RIMPAC 98 exercise.
USS Somers  United States Navy After use as a target for two AGM-142 Have Nap missiles fired by two United States Air Force B-52 Stratofortresses the previous day during the RIMPAC 98 exercise, the decommissioned Forrest Sherman-class destroyer was sunk in the Pacific Ocean northwest of Kauai, Hawaii, at 22°21′N 160°58′W / 22.350°N 160.967°W / 22.350; -160.967 ("USS Somers (DD-947)") by explosive charges placed by an explosive ordnance disposal team.

27 July

List of shipwrecks: 27 July 1998
Ship State Description
Courtesan  United States The retired 34-foot (10.4 m) sailboat was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean off Fire Island south of Long Island, New York.[24]

28 July

List of shipwrecks: 28 July 1998
Ship State Description
Tadoussac  Canada The lake freighter ran aground on a sandbank in Lake Erie near Detroit, Michigan.[25]

30 July

List of shipwrecks: 30 July 1998
Ship State Description
Rachel Colleen  United States The 59-foot (18 m) salmon seiner was destroyed by fire in Cordova Bay in Southeast Alaska. Her entire crew of six survived.[10]

31 July

List of shipwrecks: 31 July 1998
Ship State Description
Argo  United States Wearing survival suits, the two-person crew of the 50-foot (15 m) halibut-fishing vessel abandoned ship after she caught fire in the Bering Sea 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) off Dutch Harbor, Alaska. They survived. After arriving on the scene and witnessing an explosion blow Argo's deck off, the medium endurance cutter USCGC Storis ( United States Coast Guard) deemed Argo a hazard to navigation and sank her.[10]

August

7 August

List of shipwrecks: 7 August 1998
Ship State Description
Night Rider  United States The 31-foot (9.4 m) gillnet salmon-fishing vessel was destroyed by fire in Stepovak Bay on the Gulf of Alaska coast of the Alaska Peninsula. The only person aboard survived.[23]

8 August

List of shipwrecks: 8 August 1998
Ship State Description
Unnamed tanker  United States The 85-foot (25.9 m) bow section of the incomplete tanker was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean 3.6 nautical miles (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) off Sea Girt, New Jersey, in 70 feet (21 m) of water at 40°07.750′N 073°56.345′W / 40.129167°N 73.939083°W / 40.129167; -73.939083 ("Ocean Wreck Divers IV" "The Bow"). The wreck is nicknamed "Ocean Wreck Divers IV" and "The Bow."[26]

9 August

List of shipwrecks: 9 August 1998
Ship State Description
USS Richmond K. Turner  United States Navy The decommissioned Leahy-class guided-missile cruiser was sunk as a target off Puerto Rico by ships and aircraft of the USS Enterprise carrier battle group ( United States Navy).

18 August

List of shipwrecks: 18 August 1998
Ship State Description
Jackie-R  United States The 49-foot (14.9 m) salmon seiner capsized and sank in Square Cove (57°58′40″N 134°45′45″W / 57.97778°N 134.76250°W / 57.97778; -134.76250 (Square Cove)) on the west coast of Admiralty Island in Chatham Strait in the Alexander Archipelago in Southeast Alaska when fish on her deck shifted during a haul. Her crew of five abandoned ship in a skiff and was rescued.[27]

19 August

List of shipwrecks: 19 August 1998
Ship State Description
ARA Comodoro Somellera  Argentine Navy The Sotoyomo-class rescue tug sank after colliding during a storm with the patrol tug ARA Suboficial Castillo ( Argentine Navy) in port at Ushuaia, Argentina. She later was refloated and scrapped.

September

2 September

List of shipwrecks: 2 September 1998
Ship State Description
Um El Faroud  Libya
The wreck of Um El Faroud on 21 June 2014

The oil tanker was scuttled in the Mediterranean Sea off Wied iż-Żurrieq, Malta, as an artificial reef. She had been laid up in Grand Harbour, Malta, since 1995, when she had suffered an explosion that killed nine Maltese dockyard workers.[28]

14 September

List of shipwrecks: 14 September 1998
Ship State Description
Unidentified barge  United States The retired 140-foot (42.7 m) barge was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean 3.6 nautical miles (6.7 km; 4.1 mi) off Sea Girt, New Jersey, in 65 feet (20 m) of water at 40°06.400′N 073°57.080′W / 40.106667°N 73.951333°W / 40.106667; -73.951333 ("DVD" Barge, "Banana" Barge, "King" Barge). Her wreck is nicknamed the "Banana Barge," the "DVD Barge," and the "King Barge."[29]

18 September

List of shipwrecks: 18 September 1998
Ship State Description
Hunter II  New Zealand The 10 m (33 ft) trawler capsized and sank off Tirua Point, south of Marokopa, New Zealand, when its bow was hit by a large wave. Of the four crew, the only survivor swam 1.7 km (1.1 mi) to reach the shore. The trawler left port with an anchor missing.[30]
Princess of the Orient  Philippines The ferry capsized and sank in a typhoon off Fortune Island, Batangas, killing around 150 people.

20 September

List of shipwrecks: 20 September 1998
Ship State Description
Lucisaura  United States The retired 78-foot (23.8 m) fishing trawler was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean south of Long Island off Hempstead, New York.[31]

24 September

List of shipwrecks: 24 September 1998
Ship State Description
USS Belknap  United States Navy The decommissioned Belknap-class guided-missile cruiser was sunk as a target in the Atlantic Ocean at 36°31′00.3″N 071°58′00.5″W / 36.516750°N 71.966806°W / 36.516750; -71.966806 ("USS Belknap (CG-266)").
Ocean Alley  United Kingdom The cargo ship was wrecked at Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Renamed Adolphus Busch, she was sunk on 5 December as an artificial reef off Looe Key, Florida, United States.
Only One Express  Honduras The cargo ship was wrecked while in port at Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Repairs were attempted, but abandoned the next month.[32]

25 September

List of shipwrecks: 25 September 1998
Ship State Description
Sputnik  United States The 32-foot (9.8 m) longline halibut-fishing vessel was destroyed by an engine room fire near Shuyak Island in the Kodiak Archipelago. Her entire crew of three survived.[9]

October

16 October

List of shipwrecks: 16 October 1998
Ship State Description
Mandy Ray  United States The retired 126-foot (38.4 m) fishing trawler was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean south of Long Island off Shinnecock Inlet, New York, at 40°48.133′N 072°28.500′W / 40.802217°N 72.475000°W / 40.802217; -72.475000 (Mandy Ray).[33]

19 October

List of shipwrecks: 19 October 1998
Ship State Description
Francis W  United States While no one was on board, the 42-foot (12.8 m) salmon troller was destroyed at Ketchikan, Alaska, by a fire that started in her galley stove.[34]

21 October

List of shipwrecks: 21 October 1998
Ship State Description
Eendracht  Netherlands The schooner ran aground at Newhaven, East Sussex, United Kingdom. All 51 people on board were rescued by helicopter.[35] She was later refloated and returned to service.

26 October

List of shipwrecks: 26 October 1998
Ship State Description
Cheryl Ann  United States With no one aboard, the 58-foot (17.7 m) salmon seiner was wrecked at Saxman, Alaska, after she broke loose from her moorings in bad weather.[8]

27 October

List of shipwrecks: 27 October 1998
Ship State Description
Fantome Flag unknown Hurricane Mitch: The schooner sank in the Gulf of Mexico off Honduras with the loss of all 31 people on board after sending a final radio report on this date.

29 October

List of shipwrecks: 29 October 1998
Ship State Description
Ocean Hope I  United States The 92-foot (28.0 m) cod trawler capsized and sank in the Shelikof Strait off Cape Karluk (57°35′10″N 154°30′50″W / 57.58611°N 154.51389°W / 57.58611; -154.51389 (Cape Karluk)) on Kodiak Island. Her crew of four survived.[5]

November

6 November

List of shipwrecks: 6 November 1998
Ship State Description
Captain Sam  United States The retired 78-foot (23.8 m) fishing trawler was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean south of Long Island 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) off Moriches Inlet, New York.[36]
Niagara Falls  United States The retired 90-foot (27.4 m) fishing trawler was scuttled as an artificial reef in the North Atlantic Ocean south of Long Island 2.5 nautical miles (4.6 km; 2.9 mi) off Moriches Inlet, New York.[36]

11 November

List of shipwrecks: 11 November 1998
Ship State Description
Ministro Portales  Chilean Navy The decommissioned Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer was sunk as a target off Cape Horn.

December

5 December

List of shipwrecks: 5 December 1998
Ship State Description
Adolphus Busch  United Kingdom The cargo ship was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean off Big Pine Key, Florida, to create an artificial reef.

15 December

List of shipwrecks: 15 December 1998
Ship State Description
Monarch of the Seas  Norway The cruise ship struck a reef off St. Maartan. Water started coming in, resulting in grounding the ship.

17 December

List of shipwrecks: 17 December 1998
Ship State Description
I-SILC-class semi-submersible infiltration vessel  Korean People's Navy Battle of Yeosu: The infiltration vessel became entangled in a fishing net off Yeosu, South Korea, while attempting to land North Koream commandos in South Korea, was intercepted by Republic of Korea Navy vessels, and sank with the loss of all nine of her passengers and crew while being pursued by South Korean ships and aircraft.

22 December

List of shipwrecks: 22 December 1998
Ship State Description
Andrea Marie  United States The 39-foot (11.9 m) vessel was abandoned near Kodiak, Alaska, after she caught fire.[16]

26 December

List of shipwrecks: 26 December 1998
Ship State Description
Emily Brooke  United States With no one on board, the 36-foot (11.0 m) sea cucumber and sea urchin dive boat was destroyed at Bar Harbor (55°20′40″N 131°39′17″W / 55.3444356°N 131.6546628°W / 55.3444356; -131.6546628 (Bar Harbor)) at Ketchikan, Alaska, by a fire that began in her galley stove.[4]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date December 1998
Ship State Description
Arco Arun  United Kingdom The coaster capsized in the Thames Estuary at Northfleet Hope. She was later raised and refloated.[37]

Unknown date

List of shipwrecks: Unknown date 1998
Ship State Description
Brown Bear  United States The motor vessel, a former research ship, was scuttled in the Pacific Ocean off San Diego, California, in late 1997 or in January 1998.[38]
Mr. J  United States The crab processor – a former PCE-842-class patrol craft and auxiliary minelayer – was towed out into the Pacific Ocean and scuttled sometime in the 1990s.[39]
HMS Sirius  Royal Navy The decommissioned Leander-class frigate was sunk as a target in the Atlantic Ocean by the submarine HMS Spartan ( Royal Navy).

References

  1. ^ Michael Horsnell (2 January 1998). "Tug frees oil tanker blown ashore in gales". The Times. No. 66088. London. col B-F, p. 1.
  2. ^ a b c d alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (L)
  3. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (D)
  4. ^ a b c d alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (E)
  5. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (O)
  6. ^ "Marie Bouanga". wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  7. ^ "Naval Battles of the Sri Lanka Civil War". Soviet-Empire. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (C)
  9. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (S)
  10. ^ a b c alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (R)
  11. ^ a b "Marsascala ~ Tugs". Subway Dive Centre. Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  12. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (B)
  13. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (M)
  14. ^ "Hualien Express (7047423)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
  15. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (P)
  16. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (A)
  17. ^ Jennifer Veale (24 June 1998). "North Korean crew feared dead as captured midget submarine sinks". The Times. No. 66236. London. col A-H, p. 15.
  18. ^ "North Koreans found dead in salvaged submarine". The Times. No. 66238. London. 26 June 1997. col D-H, p. 20.
  19. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (Y)
  20. ^ Bawal Jr., Raymond A. (2008). Ships of the St. Clair River. St. Clair, Michigan: Inland Expressions. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-9818157-1-8.
  21. ^ njscuba.net Rothenbach II
  22. ^ njscuba.net YW-127 "Mako Mania"
  23. ^ a b alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (N)
  24. ^ "njscuba.net Fire Island Artificial Reef". Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  25. ^ Wharton, George. "Great Lakes Fleet Page Vessel Feature -- CSL Tadoussac". Boatnerd. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  26. ^ "njscuba.net "Ocean Wreck Divers IV" "The Bow"". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2020-02-12.
  27. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (J)
  28. ^ "Wreck ~ Um El Faroud". Subway Dive Centre. Archived from the original on 8 September 2012. Retrieved 4 September 2014.
  29. ^ njscuba.net DVD "Banana" Barge (King Barge)
  30. ^ "Judge reserves decision in fatal boat accident". NZ Herald. 14 Mar 2001. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  31. ^ njscuba.net Hempstead Artificial Reef
  32. ^ "Only One Express (5372513)". Miramar Ship Index. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
  33. ^ "Mandy Ray". Archived from the original on 2020-02-15. Retrieved 2020-02-15.
  34. ^ alaskashipwreck.com Alaska Shipwrecks (F)
  35. ^ Helen Johnstone (22 October 1998). "Helicopters winch crew off stricken vessel". The Times. No. 66339. London. col D-H, p. 3.
  36. ^ a b njscuba.net Moriches Artificial Reef
  37. ^ Lane, Anthony (2009). Shipwrecks of Kent. Stroud: The History Press. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-7524-1720-2.
  38. ^ afsc.noaa.gov AFSC Historical Corner: Brown Bear, Grizzly Bear & Black Bear - "Bear" Boats
  39. ^ NavSource Online: Patrol Craft Escort Photo Archive Buttress (ACM 4) ex-PCE-878
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