List of prime ministers of New Zealand by education

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The following is a list of prime ministers of New Zealand by education. The list includes all recognised heads of government, the title of which has included colonial secretary, premier, first minister and prime minister, since the establishment of a responsible government in New Zealand in 1856. James FitzGerald and Thomas Forsaith, who led unofficial ministries in 1854, are not included.[1][2]

Historically it was not uncommon for New Zealand prime ministers to have little tertiary education, however university attendance has become more common since the 1970s. The most frequently attended university is Victoria University of Wellington with four alumni (Jack Marshall, Geoffrey Palmer, Bill English and Chris Hipkins) having held the office of prime minister, followed by the University of Canterbury with three alumni and the universities of Auckland, Cambridge, and Otago with two alumni each. Only two prime ministers have held doctoral level education (Daniel Pollen and Geoffrey Palmer).

List of New Zealand prime ministers by education

Prime Minister Term(s) of office Secondary School University Professional training
Henry Sewell[3] 1856 Hyde Abbey School
William Fox[4] 1856
1861–1862
1869–1872
1873 		Durham School Wadham College, Oxford (MA[note 1]) Inns of Court: Inner Temple
Edward Stafford[5][6] 1856–1861
1865–1869
1872 		Royal School Dungannon Trinity College Dublin (no degree)
Alfred Domett[7] 1862–1863 Stockwell Park House St John's College, Cambridge (no degree) Inns of Court: Middle Temple
Frederick Whitaker[8] 1863–1864
1882–1883 		unknown[note 2]
Frederick Weld[9] 1864–1865 Stonyhurst College University of Fribourg
George Waterhouse[10] 1872–1873 Kingswood School
Julius Vogel[11] 1873–1875
1876 		University College School Royal School of Mines
Daniel Pollen[12] 1875–1876 unknown[note 3] unknown (MD)[note 4]
Harry Atkinson[13] 1876–1877
1883–1884
1884
1887–1891
George Grey[14][15] 1877–1879 Royal Grammar School Royal Military College, Sandhurst
John Hall[16] 1879–1882 unknown[note 5]
Robert Stout[17][18] 1884
1884–1887 		Lerwick Academy University of Otago (no degree)
John Ballance[19] 1891–1893 Wilson's Academy Birmingham and Midland Institute
Richard Seddon[20] 1893–1906 Eccleston Hill Grammar School
William Hall-Jones[21] 1906
Joseph Ward[22] 1906–1912
1928–1930
Thomas Mackenzie[23] 1912 North Dunedin District School
William Massey[24] 1912–1925 unknown[note 6]
Francis Bell[25] 1925 Auckland Grammar School
Otago Boys' High School 		St John's College, Cambridge (MA[note 1], mathematics)
Gordon Coates[26] 1925–1928
George Forbes[27] 1930–1935 Christchurch Boys' High School
Michael Joseph Savage[28] 1935–1940
Peter Fraser[29] 1940–1949
Sidney Holland[30] 1949–1957 Christchurch West District High School
Keith Holyoake[31] 1957
1960–1972
Walter Nash[32] 1957–1960 King Charles I Grammar School
Jack Marshall[33] 1972 Otago Boys' High School
Whangarei Boys' High School 		Victoria University College (LLB, LLM)
Norman Kirk[34] 1972–1974
Bill Rowling[35] 1974–1975 Nelson College Canterbury University College (BA, economics) Christchurch College of Education
Robert Muldoon[36] 1975–1984 Mount Albert Grammar School
David Lange[37] 1984–1989 Otahuhu College University of Auckland (LLB, LLM)
Geoffrey Palmer[38][39] 1989–1990 Nelson College Victoria University of Wellington (BA, political science; LLB)
University of Chicago Law School (JD)
Mike Moore[40] 1990 Bay of Islands College
Dilworth School
Jim Bolger[41] 1990–1997 Opunake High School
Jenny Shipley[42] 1997–1999 Marlborough Girls' College Christchurch College of Education
Helen Clark[43][44] 1999–2008 Epsom Girls' Grammar School University of Auckland (BA, MA (Hons), political studies)
John Key[45][46] 2008–2016 Burnside High School University of Canterbury (BCom, accounting)
Harvard University (no degree, management)
Bill English[47][48][49] 2016–2017 St Patrick's College, Silverstream University of Otago (BA, BCom)
Victoria University of Wellington (BA (Hons), English literature)
Jacinda Ardern[50][51] 2017–2023 Morrinsville College University of Waikato (BCS, public relations and political science)
Chris Hipkins[52] 2023 Hutt Valley Memorial College Victoria University of Wellington (BA, politics and criminology)
Christopher Luxon[53][54] 2023–present Saint Kentigern College
Howick College
Christchurch Boys' High School 		University of Canterbury (BCom, MCom, business administration)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Master of Arts by seniority
  2. ^ Details of Whitaker's education are unclear
  3. ^ Little is known of Pollen's early life, but he likely received secondary education before his medical studies
  4. ^ Pollen claimed to have a MD, although it is not known where he studied
  5. ^ Between the ages of 10 and 16, Hall attended schools in St. Gallen, Paris and Hamburg
  6. ^ Massey attended a "private secondary school" in Derry

References

  1. ^ "Prime Ministers of New Zealand since 1856". New Zealand Parliament. 25 January 2023.
  2. ^ McLintock, Alexander (1966). "Prime Ministers of New Zealand". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand.
  3. ^ McIntyre, David. "Sewell, Henry". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  4. ^ Sinclair, Keith; Dalziel, Raewyn Dalziel. "Fox, William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  5. ^ "30 years landmark achievement at the Ballance House!", Ulster New Zealand Trust, 10 September 2021
  6. ^ Morrell, William (1966). "STAFFORD, Sir Edward William, G.C.M.G.". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand.
  7. ^ Graham, Jeanine. "Domett, Alfred". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  8. ^ Stone, Russel. "Whitaker, Frederick". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  9. ^ Williams, Jeanine (1973). Frederick Weld: A Political Biography (Thesis). University of Auckland.
  10. ^ Tregenza, Jean (1976). "Waterhouse, George Marsden (1824–1906)". Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  11. ^ Dalziel, Raewyn. "Vogel, Julius". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  12. ^ Gluckman, Laurie (2000). Touching on Deaths: a medical history of early Auckland based on the first 384 inquests. Auckland: Doppelganger.
  13. ^ Bassett, Judith (1966). Sir Harry Atkinson: A Political Biography, 1872–1892 (Thesis). University of Auckland.
  14. ^ "Distinguished Old Guildfordians – Sir George Grey". Royal Grammar School Guildford Website. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  15. ^ Sinclair, Keith. "Grey, George". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  16. ^ Garner, Jean (1993). Sir John Hall: Pioneer, Pastoralist and Politician (Thesis). University of Canterbury.
  17. ^ Coleridge, Kathleen (1987). "Sir Robert Stout". The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout : A Catalogue with Indexes. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. p. v.
  18. ^ "150 Alumni Heroes" (PDF). University of Otago Magazine. No. 48. 2019. p. 34.
  19. ^ McIvor, Tim. "Ballance, John". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  20. ^ Hamer, David. "Seddon, Richard John". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  21. ^ Hall-Jones, John. "Hall-Jones, William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  22. ^ Bassett, Michael. "Ward, Joseph George". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  23. ^ Brooking, Tom. "Mackenzie, Thomas". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  24. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Massey, William Ferguson". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  25. ^ Gardner, Jim. "Bell, Francis Henry Dillon". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  26. ^ Bassett, Michael. "Coates, Joseph Gordon". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  27. ^ Gardner, Jim. "Forbes, George William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  28. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Savage, Michael Joseph". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  29. ^ Beaglehole, Tim. "Fraser, Peter". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  30. ^ Wood, Gilbert. "Holland, Sidney George". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  31. ^ Wood, Gilbert. "Holyoake, Keith Jack". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  32. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Nash, Walter". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  33. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Marshall, John Ross". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  34. ^ Bassett, Michael. "Kirk, Norman Eric". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  35. ^ Henderson, John. "Rowling, Wallace Edward". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  36. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Muldoon, Robert David". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  37. ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Lange, David Russell". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
  38. ^ "School stories: Sir Geoffrey Palmer". Stuff. 29 January 2016.
  39. ^ "Sir Geoffrey Palmer: constitutional reformer determined to make a difference". Victoria University of Wellington. 7 December 2022.
  40. ^ Smellie, Pattrick (2 February 2020). "Obituary: Mike Moore, NZ's 'most promising Prime Minister'". BusinessDesk.
  41. ^ Mcilraith, Brianna. "Four schools, two top jobs: Why Opunake could be the best little town to be a principal in". Stuff.
  42. ^ "Young People Must Train And Study For The Future". New Zealand Government. 10 March 1999.
  43. ^ "Helen Clark Biography". Helen Clark.
  44. ^ "Worldview with Helen Clark". NAFSA. 8 August 2017.
  45. ^ Jones, Nicholas (11 February 2014). "Teacher: Key a 'good kid'". Stuff.
  46. ^ "Hon doc – Rt Hon Sir John Key". University of Canterbury. December 2017.
  47. ^ "Bill English from 1979 Head Prefect to Prime Minister" (PDF). The Streamer. No. 9. 2016. p. 1.
  48. ^ "150 Alumni Heroes" (PDF). University of Otago Magazine. No. 48. 2019. p. 30.
  49. ^ "Sir Bill English to be honoured by Victoria University of Wellington". 29 November 2018.
  50. ^ Blommerde, Chloe (11 March 2021). "As school reunion looms, Jacinda Ardern recalls the nickname that stuck".
  51. ^ "Jacinda Adern". University of Waikato.
  52. ^ "Rt Hon Chris Hipkins". New Zealand Government.
  53. ^ "Air New Zealand Announces New Chief Executive Officer". Scoop. 19 June 2012. Archived from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  54. ^ "Christopher Luxon: 'We've let standards slip' in education". 1news. 20 December 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
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