List of constituent assemblies
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This is an incomplete list of constituent assemblies:
| Name | Country | Formation and dissolution | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Council of Twenty-Five Barons and another |  England |
1215 | Adopted the Magna Carta, which forced King John to recognize certain rights of barons |
| Christliche Vereinigung |  Swabian League |
1525 | Adopted the Twelve Articles. |
| United States Constitutional Convention |  United States
|
1787 | Adopted the United States Constitution. |
| Great Sejm |  Poland-Lithuania |
1788–1792 | Adopted the Constitution of May 3, 1791, which was undone by the Targowica Confederation and a Russian invasion ending in the Second Partition of Poland |
| National Constituent Assembly Assemblée nationale constituante |
 France |
1789–1791 | Formed during the French Revolution and adopted the French Constitution of 1791. |
| Cortes of Cádiz |  Spanish Empire |
1810–1813 | Adopted the Spanish Constitution of 1812. |
| Constituent Assembly Grunnlovsforsamlingen |
 Norway |
1814 | Adopted the current Constitution of Norway after the Treaty of Kiel forced Denmark to sell Norway to Sweden |
| Congress of Vienna Wiener Kongress |
 German Confederation |
1814–1815 | International conference of European states chaired by Prince Klemens von Metternich after the Napoleonic Wars. Adopted the German Federal Act creating the German Confederation to replace the Holy Roman Empire. |
| Federal Convention Bundesversammlung |
German Confederation |
1819–1820 | Adopted the Wiener Schlussakte. |
| General and Extraordinary Cortes of the Portuguese Nation
Cortes Gerais e Extraordinárias da Nação Portuguesa |
 Portugal
|
1821-1822 | Adopted the Portuguese Constitution of 1822. |
| First National Assembly at Epidaurus Α' Εθνοσυνέλευση της Επιδαύρου |
 Greece |
1821–1822 | Convened during the Greek War of Independence and adopted the Greek Constitution of 1822. |
| National Congress Congrès national Nationaal Congres |
 Belgium |
1830 | Elected after the Provisional Government of Belgium had proclaimed independence during the Belgian Revolution, adopted the Constitution and appointed the first King of the Belgians, dissolved after the first Belgian Parliament was elected |
| General, Extraordinary and Constituent Cortes
Cortes Gerais, Extraordinárias e Constituintes |
 Portugal
|
1837-1838 | Adopted the Portuguese Constitution of 1838. |
| Constituent Assembly Assemblée constituante |
 Luxembourg |
1848 | Adopted the Constitution of Luxembourg after being elected, and then replaced by the first Chamber of Deputies |
| Prussian National Assembly Preußische Nationalversammlung |
 Prussia |
1848 | Convened during the German revolutions of 1848–1849 but dissolved by royal decree when King Frederick William IV imposed the Prussian Constitution of 1848 |
| Imperial Diet Reichstag |
 Austria |
1848–1849 | Convened after the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire and adopted the Kremsier Constitution. |
| Konstituierender Landtag |  Oldenburg |
1848–1849 | Adopted the Staatsgrundgesetz von Oldenburg. |
| Frankfurt Parliament Frankfurter Nationalversammlung |
 Germany |
1848–1849 | Adopted the Frankfurt Constitution. |
| Erfurt Union Parliament Erfurter Unionsparlament |
 Germany |
1849–1850 | Adopted the Erfurter Unionsverfassung. |
| Imperial Council | Austria |
1860 | Adopted the October Diploma in the aftermath of Austria's defeat in the Second Italian War of Independence |
| Imperial Council | Austria |
1861 | Adopted the February Patent. |
| Constituent Reichstag Konstituierender Reichstag |
 North German Confederation |
1867 | Adopted the North German Constitution in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War |
| Bulgarian Constituent Assembly Учредително събрание |
 Bulgaria |
1879 | Adopted the Tarnovo Constitution. |
| National Constituent Assembly Assembleia Nacional Constituinte |
 Portugal |
1911 | Elected on 28 May 1911, following 5 October 1910 Portuguese Republican Revolution and adopted the Constitution of Portugal. |
| All-Russian Constituent Assembly Всероссийское Учредительное собрание |
 Russia |
1918 | Elected after the October Revolution of 1917, but dissolved within 13 hours of its convocation on the orders of the Bolshevik-controlled All-Russian Central Executive Committee |
| Ukrainian Constituent Assembly (Ukrainian: Українські Установчі Збори) |
 Ukrainian People's Republic |
1917-1918 | Elected 29 November 1917 and dissolved due to the Soviet–Ukrainian War |
| Constituent Assembly Assemblée constituante |
Luxembourg |
1918–1919 | |
| Constituent Assembly Verfassunggebende Landesversammlung |
most of States of Germany |
1918–1921 | Adopted the Landesverfassungen. |
| Weimar National Assembly Weimarer Nationalversammlung |
 Germany |
1919–1920 | Enacted the Weimar Constitution in 1919, bringing into being the Weimar Republic. |
| Constituent Assembly of Georgia საქართველოს დამფუძნებელი კრება |
 Georgia |
1919–1921 | Elected in 1919 and enacted the 1921 constitution. |
| Constituent Assembly Asutav Kogu |
 Estonia |
1919–1920 | 15 June 1920 adopted the first Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, according to which Estonia was a parliamentary democratic republic. |
| Constitutional Assembly Konstituierende Nationalversammlung |
 Austria |
1919–1920 | |
| Constituent Assembly of Lithuania Steigiamasis Seimas |
 Lithuania |
1920–1922 | Elected in 1920 and enacted the 1922 constitution. |
| Constituent Assembly Verfassungsgebende Versammlung |
 Danzig |
1920–1923 | Adopted the Constitution of the Free City of Danzig. |
| Cuban Constitutional Assembly |  Cuba |
1928–1930 | |
| Syrian Constituent Assemblies |  Syria |
Formed in 1930 following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire and the introduction of the French Mandate, and in 1949 to reintroduce civilian rule after a series of military governments. | |
| Constitutional National Assembly 制憲國民大會 Chih-hsien Kuo-min Ta-hui Zhìxiàn Guómín Dàhuì |
 China |
1946 | Also known as the Constituent National Assembly, enacted the Republic of China's current constitution in 1946. |
| National Constituent Assembly Asamblea Nacional Constituyente |
 Venezuela |
1946 | Held after a coup which launched El Trienio Adeco. |
| Constituent Assembly or Appointed Landtag Verfassunggebende Landesversammlung or Ernannter Landtag |
most of States of Germany |
1946–1956 | Adopted the Landesverfassungen. |
| Constituent National Assembly |  Czechoslovakia |
1946–1948 | Formed after 1946 election until coup d'état in February 1948 and led to adoption of Ninth-of-May Constitution. |
| Constituent Assembly of Italy Assemblea Costituente della Repubblica Italiana |
 Italy |
1946–1948 | Formed on 25 June 1946 following the referendum on republic or monarchy, dissolved the adoption of the Constitution, on 12 May 1948. |
| Constituent Assembly of India |  India |
1946–1950 | Formed on 9 December 1946 to write the Constitution, and serve as India's first Parliament upon independence from the British Empire, dissolving on 26 January 1950 when India became a republic. |
| Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica Asamblea Nacional Constituyente de Costa Rica |
 Costa Rica |
1949 | Acting between January and November 1949, wrote the current Costa Rican Constitution. |
| German People's Congress Deutscher Volkskongress |
East Germany |
1947–1949 | Convened by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and adopted the Constitution of East Germany to take effect in Soviet-occupied eastern Germany |
| Parlamentarischer Rat | West Germany |
1949 | Adopted the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany to take effect in the Western Allied zones of occupation. |
| Israeli Constituent Assembly |  Israel |
1948–1950 | |
| National Constituent Assembly Asamblea Nacional Constituyente |
Venezuela |
1952 | Military junta blocked the final results from being published and installed General Marcos Pérez Jiménez as Provisional President. |
| Constituent Assembly of Indonesia Konstituante |
 Indonesia |
1956–1959 | Elected in 1955, and sitting between 10 November 1956 and 2 July 1959, when the previous 1945 constitution was reimposed |
| Constituent Assembly of Pakistan |  Pakistan |
1947 | Formed on 10 August 1947 to write the Constitution, and serve as Pakistan's first parliament. It was dissolved on 24 October 1954 and reconstituted after fresh elections on 28 May 1955, lasting until 23 March 1956 when Pakistan became a republic. |
| Constituent Assembly |  Turkey |
1961 | Adopted the Turkish Constitution of 1961. |
| Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh |  Bangladesh |
1972 | Formed in 1972 to draft the Constitution. |
| Constituent Assembly Assembleia Constituinte |
Portugal |
1975–1976 | Elected on 25 April 1975, following the Carnation Revolution, and enacted the current Constitution. |
| Turnhalle Constitutional Conference |  Namibia |
1975–1977 | |
| Assembly of Experts for Constitution |  Iran |
1979 | Adopted the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. |
| Constitutional Assembly of Peru |  Peru |
1978-1980 | Condoned by the military dictatorship of General Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerruti following paralyzing national strikes of May 1978 and June 1979, it produced a new constitution for Peru with many new civil liberties and was followed by new elections and a return to democratic rule in 1980. |
| Constituent Assembly of El Salvador |  El Salvador |
1982 | Elected in 1982 as a provisional parliament and presidential electoral college, and charged with drafting the Constitution. |
| National Constituent Assembly Assembléia Nacional Constituinte |
 Brazil |
1987-88 | Established on February 1, 1987, in the newly elected Congress to draft a new Constitution, following 21 years of a military government. The assembly was dissolved on September 22, 1988, when the document was adopted. |
| Constituent Assembly of Namibia |  Namibia |
1989–1990 | Adopted the Constitution of Namibia. |
| Constituent Assembly of Bulgaria | Bulgaria |
1990–1991 | Adopted the Constitution of Bulgaria. |
| National Constituent Assembly Asamblea Nacional Constituyente |
 Colombia |
1991 | Formed on 5 February 1991 to draft the country's constitution. It was dissolved in July 1991 when the document was adopted nationwide. |
| Constitutional Assembly of Estonia | Estonia |
Set up in 1992 consisted of an equal number of members from the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR and the Congress of Estonia. | |
| Democratic Constitutional Congress Congreso Constituyente Democrático |
Peru |
1992–1993 | Convened by Alberto Fujimori in 1992 to draft a new constitution. |
| Constitutional Assembly of South Africa | South Africa |
Established by the Constitution of South Africa, 1993 (Interim Constitution) to adopt a final constitution.[1] The Parliament of South Africa acted in the capacity of the Constitutional Assembly until the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 was adopted. | |
| Volkstaat Council |  South Africa |
1994–1999 | |
| National Constituent Assembly Asamblea Nacional Constituyente |
Venezuela |
1999 | Adopted the Constitution of 1999. |
| European Convention |  European Union |
1999–2003 | Adopted the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. |
| Iraqi Constituent Assembly |  Iraq |
2005 | Elected on 30 January 2005, after the collapse of the dictatorship of Saddam Hussein, caused by the U.S. invasion, adopted the Constitution of the new democratic, parliamentary and regional Iraq, approved by a referendum of 15 October 2005. |
| Constituent Assembly of Montenegro |  Montenegro |
2006–2007 | Elected in 2006 to replace the old Yugoslav constitution, enacted the current constitution on 22 October 2007. |
| Constituent Assembly Asamblea Constituyente |
 Bolivia |
2006–2007 | Approved the new Political Constitution of the State on 9 December 2007. It was put to a national referendum held on 25 January 2009, and went into force on 7 February 2009. |
| Constituent Assembly Asamblea Constituyente |
 Ecuador |
2007–2008 | Which is to draft the future constitution of Ecuador – to be established according to the results of the referendum held on 15 April 2007. |
| First Constituent Assembly of Nepal नेपालको पहिलो संविधान सभा |
 Nepal |
2008–2012 | Following the end of the Nepalese Civil War and after several postponements it was elected on 10 April 2008. The first session was scheduled on 28 May 2008 upon which Nepal should be declared a republic. |
| Loya jirga (Grand assembly) |
 Afghanistan |
2010 | Afghanistan traditional large council to settle major conflict or enact constitutional change. |
| Constituent Assembly of the Philippines |  Philippines |
||
| Icelandic Constitutional Assembly Stjórnlagaráð |
 Iceland |
2010–2013 | Summoned by an act of Althingi, the Icelandic parliament, on 16 June 2010 for the purpose of reviewing the Constitution of the Republic. |
| Constituent Assembly of Tunisia |  Tunisia |
2011–2014 | |
| Constitutional Assembly of Ukraine Конституційна Асамблея |
 Ukraine |
2012 | A special auxiliary agency under the president of Ukraine set up in May 2012 for drawing up bills of amendments to the Constitution of Ukraine; the president then will table them in parliament.[2] |
| Constituent Assembly |  Egypt |
2012–present | |
| National Constituent Assembly Asamblea Nacional Constituyente |
Venezuela |
2017–present | Polemic elections approved during the 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis. |
| Name | Year | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peoples' World Convention (PWC)
Peoples' World Constituent Assembly |
1950[3] | Geneva, Switzerland[4] | Convened to discuss the world problems and draft a world constitution |
| World Constitutional Convention (WCC)
First World Constituent Assembly |
1968[5] | Interlaken, Switzerland and Wolfach, Germany[6] | Convened to draft a world constitution for the Federation of Earth |
| Second World Constituent Assembly | 1977[5] | Innsbruck, Austria[7] | Adopted the 'Constitution for the Federation of Earth' |
| Third World Constituent Assembly | 1978-79[8][5] | Colombo, Sri Lanka[9] | For amendments to the 'Constitution for the Federation of Earth' |
| Fourth World Constituent Assembly | 1991[5] | Tróia, Portugal[10] | For amendments to the 'Constitution for the Federation of Earth' |
References
- ^ Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 200 of 1993 – Official South African Government Website Archived 12 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Klitschko:UDAR won't join work of Constitutional Assembly, Kyiv Post (7 December 2012)
- ^ Einstein, Albert; Nathan, Otto; Norden, Heinz (1968). Einstein on peace. Internet Archive. New York, Schocken Books. pp. 539, 670, 676.
- ^ "[Carta] 1950 oct. 12, Genève, [Suiza] [a] Gabriela Mistral, Santiago, Chile [manuscrito] Gerry Kraus". BND: Archivo del Escritor. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d "Global Strategies & Solutions : Preparing earth constitution". The Encyclopedia of World Problems. Union of International Associations. Retrieved 15 July 2023 – via uia.org.
- ^ Heimann, Hans (29 August 2018). "Als Interlaken die heimliche Welthauptstadt war" [When Interlaken was the secret world capital]. Berner Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 29 July 2023.
- ^ Falk, Richard A.; Johansen, Robert C.; Kim, Samuel S.; Kim, Teacher of Korean Foreign Relations and Korean Politics Department of Political Science Associate Director of the Center for Korean Research East Asia Institute Samuel S. (1 January 1993). The Constitutional Foundations of World Peace. SUNY Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-7914-1343-2.
- ^ PANDIT, M. P. (1979). WORLD UNION (JANUARY-DECEMBER) 1979. WORLD UNION INTERNATIONAL, INDIA. p. 107.
- ^ Amerasinghe, Terence P. (2009). Emerging World Law, Volume 1. Institute for Economic Democracy. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-933567-16-7.
- ^ Amerasinghe, Terence P. (2009). Emerging World Law, Volume 1. Institute for Economic Democracy. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-933567-16-7.