List of Oenothera species
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Subdivisions of the genus Oenothera in the Onagraceae (evening primrose) family:[1][2][3]
Section Anogra
Oenothera sect. Angora (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – western North America in dry, sandy soils in deserts, grasslands, and forest openings, up to 2000 m. elevation.[2]
- Oenothera arizonica (Munz) W.L.Wagner 1998 – California evening primrose (Arizona & Mexico)[4]
- Oenothera californica (S.Watson) S.Watson 1876 – California evening primrose
- O. californica ssp. avita W.M.Klein 1962
- O. californica ssp. californica
- O. californica ssp. eurekensis (Munz & J.C.Roos) W.M.Klein 1962 – Eureka Dunes evening primrose
- Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. 1845 – birdcage evening primrose
- O. deltoides ssp. ambigua (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962
- O. deltoides ssp. cognata (Jeps.) W.M.Klein 1962
- O. deltoides ssp. deltoides
- O. deltoides ssp. howellii (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962 - Antioch Dunes evening primrose
- O. deltoides ssp. piperi (Munz) W.M.Klein 1962
- Oenothera engelmannii (Small) Munz 1931 – Engelmann's evening primrose (south-central U.S.)[5]
- Oenothera neomexicana (Small) Munz 1931 – New Mexico evening primrose (Arizona, New Mexico)[6]
- Oenothera nuttallii Sweet 1830 – Nuttall's evening primrose (central North America)[7]
- Oenothera pallida Lindl. 1828 – pale evening primrose, white buttercup (western North America)[8]
- O. pallida ssp. gypsophila (Eastw.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965 – whitepole evening primrose[9]
- O. pallida ssp. pallida
- O. pallida ssp. runcinata (Engelm.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965
- O. pallida ssp. trichocalyx (Nutt.) Munz & W.M.Klein 1965
- Oenothera wigginsii W.M.Klein 1962 – (Baja California in Mexico)[10]
Section Calylophus
Oenothera sect. Calylophus (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – in North American Great Plains and south to central Mexico.
subsect. Calylophus
- Oenothera berlandieri (Spach) Steud. 1843 – Mexican evening primrose[11]
- O. berlandieri ssp. berlandieri
- O. berlandieri ssp. pinifolia (Engelm.) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera serrulata Nutt. 1818 – yellow sundrops[12]
subsect. Salpingia
- Oenothera hartwegii Benth. 1839 – Hartweg's sundrops[13]
- O. hartwegii ssp. fendleri (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. hartwegii ssp. filifolia (Eastw.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. hartwegii ssp. hartwegii
- O. hartwegii ssp. maccartii (Shinners) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. hartwegii ssp. pubescens (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera lavandulifolia Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – lavenderleaf sundrops[14]
- Oenothera toumeyi (A.Gray) Tidestr. 1935 – Toumey's sundrops[15]
- Oenothera tubicula A.Gray 1852 – Texas sundrops[16]
- O. tubicula ssp. strigulosa (Towner) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. tubicula ssp. tubicula
Section Contortae
Oenothera sect. Contortae W.L.Wagner 1987 – Sierra Nevadas of California, extending just into western Nevada.[17]
- Oenothera xylocarpa Coville 1893 – woodyfruit evening primrose[2]
Section Eremia
Oenothera sect. Eremia W.L.Wagner 1986 – western North America, with a distribution in the Chihuahuan, Mojave, and Sonoran deserts.[18]
- Oenothera primiveris A.Gray 1853 – desert evening primrose
- O. primiveris ssp. bufonis (M.E. Jones) Munz 1965 – large yellow desert primrose[19]
- O. primiveris ssp. primiveris
Section Gaura
Oenothera sect. Gaura (L.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – beeblossom (includes most of the taxa formerly placed in genus Gaura)[20][21]
subsect. Campogaura
- Oenothera boquillensis (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Rio Grande beeblossom (Texas & Mexico)
- Oenothera suffrutescens (Ser.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – scarlet beeblossom (western North America)
subsect. Gaura
- Oenothera coloradensis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 (Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico)
- O. coloradensis ssp. coloradensis – Colorado beeblossom or butterfly plant
- O. coloradensis ssp. neomexicana (Wooton) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – New Mexico beeblossom
- Oenothera demareei (P.H.Raven & D.P.Greg.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Demaree's beeblossom
- Oenothera filiformis (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – biennial gaura[22]
- Oenothera gaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – (eastern North America, from Ontario to South Carolina and Minnesota to Missouri)
- Oenothera hexandra (Ortega) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. hexandra ssp. gracilis (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- O. hexandra ssp. hexandra
- Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera patriciae W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
- Oenothera simulans (Small) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
- Oenothera suffulta (Engelmann) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
- O. suffulta ssp. suffulta
- O. suffulta ssp. nealleyi (J. M. Coulter) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera triangulata (Buckley) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007[3]
subsect. Gauridium
- Oenothera anomala Curtis 1797 – anomalous Oenothera (Mexico)[2][3]
subsect. Schizocarya
- Oenothera curtiflora W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – lizard tail (North America)[23]
subsect. Stenosiphon
- Oenothera glaucifolia W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – false gaura (southern Great Plains of central North America)[3]
subsect. Stipogaura
- Oenothera calcicola (P.H.Raven & D.P.Gregory) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera cinerea (Wooton & Standl.) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – gaura-pilosa[24]
- O. cinerea ssp. cinerea
- O. cinerea ssp. parksii (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera filipes (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera mckelveyae (Munz) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007
- Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – wavy-leaf gaura[25]
subsect. Xenogaura
- Oenothera xenogaura W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – (southern North America)[2]
subsect. Xerogaura
- Oenothera arida W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – (Texas, Mexico)[2]
Section Gauropsis
Oenothera sect. Gauropsis (Torrey & Frémont) W.L.Wagner 1985 – Wyoming, western Nebraska, eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas and the Texas Panhandle in the U.S. High Plains.[26]
- Oenothera canescens Torr. & Frém. 1845 – spotted evening primrose[27]
Section Hartmannia
Oenothera sect. Hartmannia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – Generally in Mexico, Arizona, and Texas. But O. speciosa extends into the U.S. Central Plains, and O. rosea extends to the Caribbean, and northern South America.[28]
- Oenothera deserticola (Loes.) Munz 1932 – (Mexico)[29]
- Oenothera platanorum P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970 – Fort Huachuca evening primrose[30]
- Oenothera rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton 1789 – pink evening primrose, Rose of Mexico
- Oenothera speciosa Nutt. 1821 – showy evening primrose, Mexican primrose, amapola
- Oenothera texensis P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970 – Texas evening primrose[31]
Section Kleinia
Oenothera sect. Kleinia Munz 1965 – distributed over the Chihuahuan, Sonoran, and southern portions of the Great Basin deserts to the Great Plains, from southern Utah to southeastern Montana and western North Dakota, and northern Mexico.[32]
- Oenothera albicaulis Pursh 1813 – prairie evening-primrose[33]
- Oenothera coronopifolia Torr. & A.Gray 1840[34]
Section Kneiffia
Oenothera sect. Kneiffia (Spach) Straley 1978 – eastern North America, at elevations up to 1900 m.[35]
- Oenothera fruticosa L. 1753 – narrow-leaved or southern sundrops (eastern North America)[36]
- O. fruticosa ssp. fruticosa – (more southern distribution)
- O. fruticosa ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley 1978 – (more northern distribution)
- Oenothera perennis L. 1759 – little evening primrose, perennial sundrops (North America)[37][38]
- Oenothera pilosella Raf. 1820 – prairie sundrops, meadow evening primrose[39][40]
- Oenothera riparia Nutt. 1818 – riverbank sundrops[3][41][42]
- Oenothera spachiana Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – Spach's evening-primrose (Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, Texas)[43]
Section Lavauxia
Oenothera sect. Lavauxia (Spach) W. L. Wagner & Hoch 2007 – North and South America.
subsect. Australis
- Oenothera acaulis Cav. 1898 − (Chile)[44]
- Oenothera centaurifolia (Spach) Steud. 1841 − (Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina)[45][46]
subsect. Lavauxia
- Oenothera acutissima W.L.Wagner 1981 – Flaming Gorge evening primrose (Utah, Colorado)[47]
- Oenothera flava (A. Nelson) Garrett 1927 – yellow evening primrose (west & central North America)[48]
- O. flava ssp. flava
- O. flava ssp. taraxacoides (Woot. & Standl.) W.L.Wagner 1986
- Oenothera triloba Nutt. 1821 – stemless evening primrose (North America)[49]
Section Leucocoryne
Oenothera sect. Leucocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – from southern Texas, through northern Mexico to the Trans-Volcanic Belt of central Mexico, southward to Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.[2]
- Oenothera dissecta A. Gray ex S. Wats. 1885 - (Chihuahuan Desert)[50]
- Oenothera kunthiana Munz 1932 - (southern Texas to Costa Rica)[51]
- Oenothera luciae-julianiae W.L.Wagner 2004 - (Mexico)
- Oenothera orizabae W.L.Wagner 2004 - (Mexico)
- Oenothera tetraptera Cav. 1796 - (Mexico, southern Texas)[52]
Section Megapterium
Oenothera sect. Megapterium (Spach) W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – distributed in south-central North America.
- Oenothera brachycarpa A.Gray 1852 – short-fruit evening primrose (Arizona, Kansas, New Mexico, Nevada, Texas)[53]
- Oenothera howardii (A. Nelson) W.L.Wagner 1983 – Howard's evening primrose (Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)[54]
- Oenothera macrocarpa Nutt. 1813 – Missouri or big-fruit evening primrose[55][56]
- O. macrocarpa ssp. fremontii (S.Watson) W.L.Wagner 1983 – Fremont's evening primrose (Kansas, Nebraska)
- O. macrocarpa ssp. incana (A.Gray) W.L.Wagner 1983 – big-fruit evening primrose (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas)
- O. macrocarpa ssp. macrocarpa – big-fruit evening primrose (Arkansas, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Colorado, Tennessee, Texas)
- O. macrocarpa ssp. mexicana W.L.Wagner 2007 – (Mexico)
- O. macrocarpa ssp. oklahomensis (J.B.S.Norton) W.L.Wagner 1983 – Oklahoma evening primrose (Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas)
Section Oenothera
Oenothera sect. Oenothera – distributed from Canada to Panama.[57]
subsect. Candela
- Oenothera clelandii W.Dietr. P.H. Raven & W.L.Wagner 1983 – Cleland's evening primrose[58]
- Oenothera curtissii Small 1913 – Curtiss' evening primrose (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina)
- Oenothera heterophylla Spach 1836 – variable-leaf evening primrose[59]
- Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex Torr. & A.Gray 1840
subsect. Emersonia
- Oenothera macrosceles A.Gray 1849 – (Chihuahuan Desert)[2]
- Oenothera maysillesii Munz 1960 – (Durango)
- Oenothera organensis Munz 1938 – (New Mexico)
- Oenothera stubbei W.Dietr., P.H.Raven & W.L.Wagner 1978 – (Nuevo León)
subsect. Munzia
series Allochroa
- Oenothera affinis Cambess. 1829 – (Bolivia, Brazil, Chile)
- Oenothera arequipensis Munz & I M.Johnst. 1925 – (Chile)
- Oenothera bahia-blancae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera catharinensis Cambess. 1829 – (Brazil)
- Oenothera coquimbensis Gay 1847 – (Chile)
- Oenothera featherstonei Munz & I.M.Johnst. 1925 – (Peru)
- Oenothera indecora Cambess. 1830
- O. indecora ssp. boliviensis W.Dietr. 1978
- O. indecora ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. 1978
- O. indecora ssp. indecora
- Oenothera mendocinensis Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. 1833 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera mollissima L. 1753 – (Brazil)
- Oenothera montevidensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Uruguay)
- Oenothera odorata Jacq. 1795 – (Argentina, Chile)
- Oenothera parodiana Munz 1933[60]
- O. parodiana ssp. brasiliensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay)
- O. parodiana ssp. parodiana – (Argentina)
- O. parodiana ssp. strigulosa W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera picensis Phil. 1891[61]
- O. picensis ssp. bonariensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- O. picensis ssp. cordobensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- O. picensis ssp. picensis – (Chile)
- Oenothera ravenii W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay)[62]
- O. ravenii ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Brazil)
- O. ravenii ssp. chilensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Chile)
- O. ravenii ssp. ravenii – (Brazil)
- Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link 1821[63]
- O. stricta ssp. altissima W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- O. stricta ssp. argentinae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- O. stricta ssp. stricta – (Chile)
series Clelandia
- Oenothera elongata Rusby 1893 – (Bolivia, Peru)
- Oenothera punae Kuntze 1898 – (Bolivia)
- Oenothera siambonensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera villaricae W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina, Chile)
series Renneria
- Oenothera longituba W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera nana Griseb. 1874 – (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
- Oenothera pedunculifolia W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera peruana W.Dietr. 1978 – (Chile, Peru)
- Oenothera sandiana Hassk. 1856 – (Chile, Ecuador)
- Oenothera santarii W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- Oenothera scabra K.Krause 1905[64]
- O. scabra ssp. scabra – (Bolivia, Peru)
- O. scabra ssp. ucrosensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Peru)
- Oenothera tafiensis W.Dietr. 1978[65]
- O. tafiensis ssp. parviflora W.Dietr. 1978 – (Argentina)
- O. tafiensis ssp. tafiensis – (Argentina)
- Oenothera tarijensis W.Dietr. 1978 – (Bolivia)
- Oenothera versicolor Lehm. 1855 – (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru)
subsect. Nutantigemma
- Oenothera breedlovei W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 - (Mexico)
- Oenothera pennellii Munz 1939 - (Mexico)
- Oenothera pubescens Willd. ex Spreng. 1825 – South American evening primrose (southwestern U.S to western South America)
- Oenothera tamrae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 - (Mexico)
subsect. Oenothera
- Oenothera argillicola Mack. 1904 – shale-barren evening primrose (MD, PA, VA, WV)[66]
- Oenothera biennis L. 1753 – common evening primrose (North America)
- Oenothera elata Kunth 1823 – Hooker's evening primrose (western North America)
- O. elata ssp. elata – (Mexico, Central America)
- O. elata ssp. hirsutissima (A.Gray ex S.Watson) W.Dietr. 1983 – (western U.S.)
- O. elata ssp. hookeri (Torr. & A.Gray) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987
- O. elata ssp. texensis W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – (Texas)
- Oenothera glazioviana Micheli 1875 – red-sepal evening primrose (North America)[67]
- Oenothera grandiflora L’Hér. 1789 – large-flower evening primrose (eastern North America)
- Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray 1840 – trumpet evening primrose (Mexico, KS, OK, TX)[68]
- Oenothera longissima Rydb. 1913 – long-stem evening primrose (southwestern North America)
- Oenothera nutans G.F.Atk. & Bartlett 1913 – nodding evening primrose (eastern North America)[69]
- Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) J.W.Robbins ex S.Watson 1890 – Oakes' evening primrose (eastern North America)[70]
- Oenothera parviflora L. – northern evening primrose (North America)
- Oenothera villosa Thunb. 1794 – hairy evening primrose (North America)
- O. villosa ssp. strigosa (Rydb.) W. Dietr. & P.H. Raven 1977
- O. villosa ssp. villosa
- Oenothera wolfii (Munz) P.H.Raven W.Dietr. & Stubbe 1980 – Wolf's evening primrose (California)
subsect. Raimannia
- Oenothera drummondii Hook. 1834 – beach evening primrose[71]
- O. drummondii ssp. drummondii – (Atlantic coast, North Carolina to Mexico)
- O. drummondii ssp. thalassaphila (Brandegee) W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – (southern Baja California coast)
- Oenothera falfurriae W.Dietr. & W.L.Wagner 1987 – royal evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[72]
- Oenothera grandis (Britton) Smyth 1899 – showy evening primrose (U.S. & Mexico)
- Oenothera humifusa Nutt. 1818 – sea-beach evening primrose (southeast U.S.)
- Oenothera laciniata Hill 1767 – cutleaf evening primrose (North & South America)
- O. laciniata ssp. laciniata
- O. laciniata ssp. pubescens (Willd. ex Spreng.) Munz 1965 – (Ecuador)[73]
- Oenothera mexicana Spach 1835 – Mexican evening primrose (southeastern Texas)[74]
Section Pachylophus
Oenothera sect. Pachylophus (Spach) W.L.Wagner 2005 – western North America.
- Oenothera brandegeei (Munz) P.H.Raven 1970 – (near Bahia de los Angeles)[75]
- Oenothera cavernae Munz 1941 – cave-dwelling evening primrose (AZ, NV, UT)
- Oenothera cespitosa Nutt.1813
- O. cespitosa ssp. cespitosa – tufted evening primrose (western North America)
- O. cespitosa ssp. crinita (Rydb.) Munz 1965 – tufted evening primrose (southwest North America)
- O. cespitosa ssp. macroglottis (Rydb.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1983 – tufted evening primrose (CO, NM, UT, WY)
- O. cespitosa ssp. marginata (Nutt. ex Hook. & Arn.) Munz 1965 – tufted evening primrose
- O. cespitosa ssp. navajoensis W.L.Wagner, Stockh, & W.M.Klein 1985 – Navajo evening primrose (AZ, NM, NV, UT)
- Oenothera harringtonii W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1983 – Colorado Springs evening primrose (Colorado)
- Oenothera psammophila (A.Nels. & J.F.Macbr.) W.L.Wagner, Stockh. & W.M.Klein 1985 – St. Anthony Dunes evening primrose (Idaho)
Section Paradoxus
Oenothera sect. Paradoxus W. L. Wagner 1984 – distribution within the Chihuahuan Desert.[76]
- Oenothera havardii S.Watson 1885 − Havard's evening primrose (Arizona, Texas)
Section Peniophyllum
Oenothera sect. Peniophyllum (Pennell) Munz 1937 – The single species is found in the southeastern U.S.
- Oenothera linifolia Nutt. 1821 – thread-leaf evening primrose[77]
Section Ravenia
Oenothera sect. Ravenia W.L.Wagner 1986 – within Mexico.[78]
- Oenothera muelleri Munz 1937 – (northeast Mexico)
- Oenothera riskindii W.L.Wagner 2005 – (Coahuila)
- Oenothera tubifera Ser. 1828[79]
- O. tubifera ssp. macrocarpa W.L.Wagner 2005 – (Durango)
- O. tubifera ssp. tubifera
Section Xanthocoryne
Oenothera sect. Xanthocoryne W.L.Wagner & Hoch 2007 – from central Mexico to northern South America.[80]
- Oenothera epilobiifolia Kunth 1823 – (Colombia, Mexico)
- O. epilobiifolia ssp. cuprea (Schlecht.) P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn. 1970
- O. epilobiifolia ssp. epilobiifolia – (Venezuela)
- Oenothera multicaulis Ruíz & Pav. 1802 – (South America)
- Oenothera seifrizii Munz 1937 – (Colombia, Venezuela)
References
- ^ "genus Oenothera". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) online database. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Oenothera Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-07
- ^ a b c d e f g h Onagraceae Wagner, W.L et al. Revised Classification of the Onagraceae (2007)
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera arizonica". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera engelmannii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera neomexicana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera nuttallii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera pallida". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera pallida ssp. gypsophila". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. wigginsii North Carolina State University Herbarium 2011-12-07
- ^ O. berlandieri Archived 2011-09-18 at the Wayback Machine University of Arizona Pima County Cooperative Extension. 2011-12-07
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera serrulata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera hartwegii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera lavandulifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera toumeyi". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera tubicula". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ O. xylocarpa Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-07
- ^ O. sect. Eremia Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-06
- ^ O. primiveris ssp. bufonis Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation 2011-12-09
- ^ Common Names The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) 2011-12-13
- ^ "O. sect. Gaura". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. filiformis University of Michigan Herbarium. 2011-12-07
- ^ "O. curtiflora". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ^ "O. cinerea". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ "O. sinuosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. sect. Gauropsis Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera canescens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ O. sect. Hartmannia Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-09
- ^ O. deserticola Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera platanorum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera texensis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. sect. Kleinia Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
- ^ O. albicaulis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden 2011-12-09
- ^ O. coronopifolia Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden 2011-12-09
- ^ O. sect. Kneiffia Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
- ^ O. fruticosa Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera perennis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ O. perennis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-09
- ^ O. pilosella Prairie Wildflowers of Illinois 2011-12-08
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera pilosella". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ Richard Dwight Porcher & Douglas Alan Rayner: A guide to the wildflowers of South Carolina, p.292 (2001)
- ^ O. riparia Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-11
- ^ O. spachiana Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, Native Plant Database 2011-12-11
- ^ O. acaulis Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-07
- ^ O. centauriifolia Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-07
- ^ O. centaurifolia Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera acutissima". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera flava". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera triloba". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ O. dissecta Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
- ^ O. kunthiana Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
- ^ O. tetraptera Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera brachycarpa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2010-12-09.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera howardii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. macrocarpa Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-09
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera macrocarpa". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. sect. Oenothera Wagner, W. L. and P. C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-08
- ^ O. clelandii Prairie Wildflowers of Illinois 2011-12-08
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera heterophylla". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-09.
- ^ O. parodiana Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. picensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. ravenii Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. stricta Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. scabra Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. tafiensis Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera argillicola". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera glazioviana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera jamesii". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera nutans". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera oakesiana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ O. drummondii Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. falfurriae Wagner, W.L. and P.C. Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. laciniata ssp. pubescens Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. mexicana Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. brandegeei Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family 2011-12-10
- ^ O. sect. Paradoxus Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Oenothera linifolia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ^ O. sect. Ravenia Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. tubifera Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2011-12-10
- ^ O. sect. Xanthocoryne Wagner, W.L. and P.C.Hoch. 2005-. Onagraceae, The Evening Primrose Family. 2011-12-10
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