Jaluit Company
 Jaluit Company flag circa 1880 | |
| Company type | Trading company |
|---|---|
| Industry | international trade  |
| Founded | 1878 |
| Defunct | 1914 |
| Successor | Indisch-Afrikaansche Compagnie |
| Headquarters | , |
Area served | Pacific Ocean |
| Products | Phosphate and copra |
| Parent | Handels- und Landbau |
The Jaluit Company (German: Jaluit-Gesellschaft) was a German colonial trading company that operated throughout the Pacific Ocean, mainly specializing in phosphate mining and copra planation. From 1888 to 1906, the company acted as the colonial administrator of the Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands and Caroline Islands on behalf of the German Empire.
History
The Jaluit Company was founded on December 21, 1887 as a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) in Hamburg, Germany. This is the result of a merger between the German Trade and Plantation Company of the South Sea Islands (Deutsche Handels- und Plantagen-Gesellschaft, DHPG) and Hernsheim & Co. of their business operations in the Marshall Islands, Gilbert Islands and Caroline Islands.[1]
On January 21, 1888, the company took over the administration of the Marshall Islands on behalf of the German Empire. This is a result of Germany's colonial policy at the time, which preferred using chartered companies for colonial administration instead of relying on government institutions.[2] The company took on all costs incurred from the administration, in exchange for the right to take possession of any unowned land, engage in pearl fishing and exploit the guano deposits. Particularly, the Jaluit Company was noted for its role in the early phosphate mining in Banaba and Nauru. From 1888 to 1893, the administration itself was run by an “Imperial Commissariat of Jaluit” (Kaiserliche Kommissariat Jaluit) and then from 1893 to 1906 a “Provincial Authority of Jaluit” (Landeshauptmannschaft Jaluit). [3]
The Jaluit Company received its name from the Jaluit Atoll, where its main factory was located. It was also responsible for trade and shipping between Jaluit and the Gilbert Islands and the Caroline Islands. At its peak, the company ran shipping lines from Sydney to Hong Kong, connecting the various German colonies in the Western Pacific.[4]
The company flourished for almost two decades in Germany's Pacific colonies. In 1906, the German government terminated the charter contract and the Jaluit Company handed over its administrative responsibilities of the Marshall Islands to German New Guinea, as the latter officially annexed those islands. Also in 1906 (other sources claim 1902), it sold off its remaining phosphate mining operation on Nauru to the newly reorganized Pacific Phosphate Company.[5][6] From then on, the company acted solely as a trade enterprise and continued its operations until the Japanese occupation of the islands during World War I in 1914.
References
- ^ Hermann Mückler: Die Marshall-Inseln und Nauru in deutscher Kolonialzeit: Südsee-Insulaner, Händler und Kolonialbeamte in alten Fotografien, Berlin: Frank & Timme 2016, S. 122.
- ^ Townsend, Mary Evelyn (1930). The Rise and Fall of Germany's Colonial Empire, 1884-1918. Macmillan.
- ^ Dirk H. R. Spennemann: German Administrators in the Marshall Islands.
- ^ "Deutsche Seepost Jaluit-Linie". GermanStamps.net. Retrieved 18 July 2024.
- ^ Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald (1985). The Phosphateers. Melbourne University Press. ISBN 0-522-84302-6.
- ^ "Jaluit Gesellschaft (Firm)". National Library of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 July 2024.