Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium

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Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium
Names
IUPAC name
Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium
Other names
Hexarhodium hexadecacarbonyl
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.044.539 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 249-009-3
  • InChI=1S/16CO.6Rh/c16*1-2;;;;;;
    Key: SZQABOJVTZVBHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • [C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[C-]#[O+].[Rh].[Rh].[Rh].[Rh].[Rh].[Rh]
Properties
C16O16Rh6
Molar mass 1065.62 g/mol
Appearance purple-brown solid
Melting point 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS07: Exclamation mark
Warning
H302, H312, H332
P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P322, P330, P363, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium is a metal carbonyl cluster with the formula Rh6(CO)16. It exists as purple-brown crystals that are slightly soluble in dichloromethane and chloroform.[1] It is the principal binary carbonyl of rhodium.

Discovery and synthesis

Rh6(CO)16 was first prepared by Hieber in 1943 by carbonylation of RhCl3·3H2O at 80–230 °C and 200 atm carbon monoxide with silver or copper as a halide acceptor. Hieber correctly formulated the compound as a binary carbonyl, but suggested the formula Rh4(CO)11, i.e., CO/Rh ratio of 2.75.[2] The correct formula and structure was subsequently established by Dahl et al. using X-ray crystallography. The correct CO/Rh ratio is 2.66.[3]

Relative to the original preparation, the carbonylation of a mixture of anhydrous rhodium trichloride and iron pentacarbonyl was shown to give good yields of Rh6(CO)16.[4] Other compounds of rhodium are also effective precursors such as [(CO)2Rh(μ-Cl)]2 and rhodium(II) acetate:[1]

3 Rh2(O2CCH3)4 + 22 CO + 6 H2O → Rh6(CO)16 +  6 CO2 + 12 CH3COOH
3 [(CO)2RhCl]2 + 4 CO + 6 Cu → Rh6(CO)16 + 6 CuCl

It also arises quantitatively by thermal decomposition of tetrarhodium dodecacarbonyl in boiling hexane:[5]

3 Rh4(CO)12 → 2 Rh6(CO)16 + 4 CO

Reactions

At least some of the CO ligands can be displaced by donor ligands.[5]

Rh6(CO)16 catalyzes a number of organic reactions including hydrogenation and hydroformylation.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b James, B. R.; Rempel, G. L.; Teo, W. K. (1976). "Hexadecacarbonylhexarhodium". Inorg. Synth. 16: 49. doi:10.1002/9780470132470.ch15.
  2. ^ Hieber, W.; Lagally, H. (1943). "Über Metallcarbonyle. XLV. Das Rhodium im System der Metallcarbonyle". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 251 (1): 96–113. doi:10.1002/zaac.19432510110.
  3. ^ Corey, Eugene R.; Dahl, Lawrence F.; Beck, Wolfgang (1963). "Rh6(CO)16 and its Identity with Previously Reported Rh4(CO)11". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 85 (8): 1202–1203. doi:10.1021/ja00891a040.
  4. ^ a b Booth, B. L.; Else, M. J.; Fields, R.; Goldwhite, H.; Haszeldine, R. N. (1968). "Metal carbonyl chemistry IV. The preparation of cobalt and rhodium carbonyls by reductive carbonylation with pentacarbonyliron". J. Organomet. Chem. 14 (2): 417–422. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)87682-2.
  5. ^ a b Tunik, S. P.; Vlasov, A. V.; Krivykh, V. V. (1977). "Acetonitrile-Substituted Derivatives of Rh6(CO)16 : Rh6(CO)16-x(NCMe)x (x = 1,2)". Inorganic Syntheses. 31: 239–244. doi:10.1002/9780470132623.ch37.
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