Hendrik Zwaardemaker
Hendrik Zwaardemaker | |
---|---|
Born | |
Died | 19 September 1930 | (aged 73)
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physiology |
Institutions | University of Utrecht |
Hendrik Zwaardemaker ([1] was a Dutch scientist who invented the olfactometer in 1888.[2]
10 May 1857 – 19 September 1930)From 1897 to 1927 he was professor of Experimental Physiology at the University of Utrecht. In 1903 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.[3] In addition to his work on the sense of smell, he also conducted research on the human heart. He found that salts of potassium and other radioactive elements stimulated the heart.[4] His major work was "Die Physiologie des Geruchs" (Physiologie of Olfaction), it appeared in 1895.
Zwaardemaker Pairs
An important contribution of Zwaardemaker's studies is the concept of odor conjugates. Zwaardemaker discovered that certain odors could be prevented from detection by smell senses when mixed with various essential oils. These combination of odors are referred to as Zwaardemaker Pairs, (or Z-pairs).
Offensive Odor | Common Odor Sources | Z-Pair Essential Oil | Active Ingredient |
---|---|---|---|
Butyric acid | Vomit, Flesh Decomposition, Rancid Dairy Products | Juniper Oil | |
Chlorine | Vanilla | Vanillin | |
Ammonia | Urine | Rose Oil | Ionone |
Tobacco | Cigarette Smoke | Wintergreen Oil | Methyl salicylate |
Musk | Bitter Almond oil | Benzaldehyde | |
Rubber | Cedar Oil | ||
Skatole | Feces, Coal tar | Cedar Oil | |
Mercaptan | Natural Gas | Eucalyptus Oil | Eucalyptol |
References
- ^ A. K. M. Noyons. Hendrik Zwaardemaker: 1857-1930. The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 43, No. 3 (Jul., 1931), pp. 525-526
- ^ Eibenstein, A.; et al. (July 2005). "Modern psychophysical tests to assess olfactory function". Neurological Sciences. 26 (3): 147–155. doi:10.1007/s10072-005-0452-3. ISSN 1590-1874. PMID 16086127. S2CID 23858823.
- ^ "Hendrik Zwaardemaker (1857 - 1930)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
- ^ "Heart Radioactivity". Time. December 9, 1929. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles with hCards
- Articles with FAST identifiers
- Articles with ISNI identifiers
- Articles with VIAF identifiers
- Articles with WorldCat Entities identifiers
- Articles with BNF identifiers
- Articles with BNFdata identifiers
- Articles with GND identifiers
- Articles with KBR identifiers
- Articles with LCCN identifiers
- Articles with NKC identifiers
- Articles with NTA identifiers
- Articles with CINII identifiers
- Articles with Leopoldina identifiers
- Articles with MGP identifiers
- Articles with Scopus identifiers
- Articles with BPN identifiers
- Articles with DTBIO identifiers
- Articles with SNAC-ID identifiers
- Articles with SUDOC identifiers
- 19th-century Dutch inventors
- Dutch physiologists
- 1857 births
- 1930 deaths
- Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
- Scientists from Haarlem
- Academic staff of Utrecht University
- 19th-century Dutch scientists
- 20th-century Dutch scientists
- All stub articles
- Dutch scientist stubs