Hartmann von Aue
This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015) |
Hartmann von Aue, also known as Hartmann von Ouwe, (born c. 1160–70, died c. 1210–20) was a German knight and poet. With his works including Erec, Iwein, Gregorius, and Der arme Heinrich, he introduced the Arthurian romance into German literature and, with Wolfram von Eschenbach and Gottfried von Strassburg, was one of the three great epic poets of Middle High German literature.
Life
Hartmann belonged to the lower nobility of Swabia, where he was born. After receiving a monastic education, he became retainer (Dienstmann) of a nobleman whose domain, Aue, has been identified with Obernau on the River Neckar. He also took part in the Crusade of 1197. The date of his death is as uncertain as that of his birth; he is mentioned in Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan (c. 1210) as still alive, and in the Crône of Heinrich von dem Türlin, written about 1220, he is mourned for as dead.
Works
Hartmann produced four narrative poems which are of importance for the evolution of the Middle High German court epic. The first of these, Erec, which may have been written as early as 1191 or 1192, and the last, Iwein, belong to the Arthurian cycle and are based on epics by Chrétien de Troyes (Erec and Enide and Yvain, the Knight of the Lion, respectively). While the story of Chretien's Yvain refers to events in Chretien's Lancelot, to explain that Arthur is not present to help because Guinevere has been kidnapped, Hartmann did not adapt Chretien's Lancelot. The result is that Hartmann's Erec introduces entirely different explanations for Guinevere's kidnapping, which do not correspond to what occurred in the shared literary tradition of Chretien's Arthurian romances.
His other two narrative poems are Gregorius, also an adaptation of a French epic, and Der arme Heinrich, which tells the story of a leper cured by a young girl who is willing to sacrifice her life for him. The source of this tale evidently came from the lore of the noble family whom Hartmann served. Gregorius, Der arme Heinrich and Hartmann's lyrics, which are all fervidly religious in tone, imply a tendency towards asceticism, but, on the whole, Hartmann's striving seems rather to have been to reconcile the extremes of life; to establish a middle way of human conduct between the worldly pursuits of knighthood and the ascetic ideals of medieval religion. Translations have been made into modern German of all Hartmann's poems, while Der arme Heinrich has repeatedly attracted the attention of modern poets, both English (Longfellow, Rossetti) and German (notably, Gerhart Hauptmann).
He was also a Minnesänger, and 18 of his songs survive.
Editions and translations
- Tobin, Frank, Kim Vivian, and Richard H. Lawson, trans. Arthurian Romances, Tales, and Lyric Poetry: The Complete Works of Hartmann von Aue, Penn State Press, 2001 ISBN 0-271-02112-8
- Hartmann Von Aue, "Iwein: The Knight with the Lion", translated by J.W. Thomas, 1979, ISBN 0-8032-7331-2.
- Hartmann Von Aue, "Erec," translated by J.W. Thomas, 2001, ISBN 0-8032-7329-0.
References
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hartmann von Aue". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Cormeau C (1981). "Hartmann von Aue". In Ruh K, Keil G, Schröder W (eds.). Die deutsche Literatur des Mittelalters. Verfasserlexikon. Vol. 3. Berlin, New York: Walter De Gruyter. cols 500–520. ISBN 978-3-11-022248-7.
- Cormeau, Christoph; Störmer, Wilhelm (1993). Hartmann von Aue. Epoche - Werk - Wirkung (2nd ed.). Munich: Beck. pp. 160–193. ISBN 3-406-30309-9.
- Gentry, Francis G., ed. (2005). A Companion to the Works of Hartmann von Aue. Rochester, NY: Camden House. ISBN 1571132384.
- Jackson, W.H. (1995). Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Works of Hartmann von Aue. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer. ISBN 978-0859914314.
- Neumann, Friedrich (1966), "Hartmann von Aue", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 7, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 728–731; (full text online)
External links
- Works by or about Hartmann von Aue at Internet Archive
- Roy Boggs and Kurt Gärtner: Hartmann von Aue (Knowledge Base) Portal Archived 2 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905. .
- Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. .
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Use dmy dates from June 2018
- Articles needing additional references from January 2015
- All articles needing additional references
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
- Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
- CS1 German-language sources (de)
- Articles with Internet Archive links
- Webarchive template wayback links
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia
- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference
- Articles with FAST identifiers
- Articles with ISNI identifiers
- Articles with VIAF identifiers
- Articles with BIBSYS identifiers
- Articles with BNE identifiers
- Articles with BNF identifiers
- Articles with BNFdata identifiers
- Articles with CANTICN identifiers
- Articles with GND identifiers
- Articles with ICCU identifiers
- Articles with J9U identifiers
- Articles with KANTO identifiers
- Articles with KBR identifiers
- Articles with LCCN identifiers
- Articles with Libris identifiers
- Articles with LNB identifiers
- Articles with NDL identifiers
- Articles with NKC identifiers
- Articles with NLA identifiers
- Articles with NLG identifiers
- Articles with NSK identifiers
- Articles with NTA identifiers
- Articles with PLWABN identifiers
- Articles with VcBA identifiers
- Articles with CINII identifiers
- Articles with MusicBrainz identifiers
- Articles with BMLO identifiers
- Articles with DTBIO identifiers
- Articles with HDS identifiers
- Articles with RISM identifiers
- Articles with SUDOC identifiers
- 12th-century births
- 12th-century German poets
- 13th-century German poets
- 1210s deaths
- Medieval German writers
- Middle High German literature
- Minnesingers
- Writers of Arthurian literature
- German male poets