Executions and assassinations in the West Bank and Jerusalem

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See also: Extrajudicial killings in the Gaza Strip, List of Israeli assassinations, and Executions and assassinations during the Israel-Hamas war
This article is about targeting of specific people or unlawful killing of military and militants. For attacks on civilians, see list of massacres in Palestine, list of massacres in Israel, and list of massacres in Lebanon.
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    There has been an extremely wide variety of executions and assassinations in the West Bank and Jerusalem. The majority of recent executions in Israel and Palestine have been extrajudicial, but there have been a small number of people sentenced to death at a trial. Most alleged assassinations are descended by the euphemism "targeted killings", claimed to be accidental, or presented as deaths in combat.

    King of Martyrs - 1st century AD

    See also: Christian martyr, Crucifixion, Jesus in Islam, Death of Christ, and Martyrdom in Palestinian culture

    The most famous execution, and the most famous martyrdom, in Jerusalem was that of Jesus Christ who is also known as the King of the Martyrs. According to Christian mythology he was executed by crucifixion, by the Romans Empire, in the first ċentury AD. The Catholic Church calls Jesus the "King of Martyrs" because, as man, he refused to commit sin unto the point of shedding blood.[1]

    Modern capital punishment

    Capital punishment in Mandatory Palestine

    Main article: Capital punishment in Mandatory Palestine

    Death penalty trials by the state of Israel

    See also: Capital punishment in Israel, Meir Tobianski, and Adolf Eichmann

    Only two people have ever been sentenced to death at a trial by the State of Israel, one of them was Adolf Eichmann, the other was postumously exonerated.

    Executed person Date of execution Crime(s) Method
    Meir Tobianski 30 June 1948 Treason (posthumously exonerated) Firing squad
    Adolf Eichmann 31 May 1962 Crimes against humanity and war crimes, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization involving the murder of many Jews.[citation needed] Hanging

    Capital punishment during Jordanian occupation

    See also: Capital punishment in Jordan

    1967 to 1995

    See also: Six Day War and Green Line (Israel)

    Capital punishment by the Palestinian National Authority

    See also: Palestinian land laws and Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip

    King David Hotel bombing in Jerusalem in 1946

    Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" is written above the map, and "raq kach" ("only thus") is written below.
    See also: King David Hotel bombing and Irgun

    The British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, housed in the southern wing[2] of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, were bombed in a terrorist attack[3][4] on July 22, 1946, by the militant right-wing[5] Zionist underground organization Irgun during the Jewish insurgency.[6][7][8] 91 people of various nationalities were killed, including Arabs, Britons and Jews, and 46 were injured.[9] Allegedly the Irgun attempted to warn the British to evacuate and the wasting was ignored.[10]

    Governorates of the West Bank (State of Palestine)

    During the 1956 Suez Crisis

    See also: Kafr Qasim massacre and Suez Crisis

    The Kafr Qasim massacre took place in the Israeli Arab village of Kafr Qasim situated on the Green Line, at that time, the de facto border between Israel and the Jordanian West Bank on 29 October 1956. It was carried out by the Israel Border Police (Magav), who killed Arab civilians returning from work during a curfew of which they were unaware, imposed earlier in the day on the eve of the Suez Crisis.[11]

    An eye for an eye

    The Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa 27 August 2001 Al-Bireh

    See also: Abu Ali Mustafa, Ahmed Saadat, and Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades

    The Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa was killed on 27 August 2001 in Al-Bireh

    17 October 2001

    See also: Moledet, Population transfer, and assassination of Rehavam Ze'evi

    Rehavam Ze'evi was assassinated on 17 October 2001, by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades in retaliation for Israel's assassination of Abu Ali Mustafa, the Secretary General of the PFLP. He was an Israeli general and politician who founded the far-right nationalist Moledet party, mainly advocating for cleansing of the complete Palestinian population through population transfer.[12]

    Ibrahim al-Nablusi

    See also: Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, Lions' Den militant group, Targeted killing, and list of Israeli assassinations

    Ibrahim al-Nablusi - "Ibrahim of Nablus" - a prominent militant from Nablus, nicknamed The Lion of Nablus, was killed in an Israeli raid.[13][14]

    Lions' Den

    Main article: Lions' Den militant group

    The Lions' Den militant group is a Palestinian militant group operating in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.[15] mainly in Nablus. The group emerged in August 2022, a year of increased violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and take their name from Ibrahim al-Nablusi - "Ibrahim of Nablus" - a prominent militant from Nablus, nicknamed The Lion of Nablus, who was killed in an Israeli raid.[13][14]

    Assassinations of Lions Den leadership

    See also: Targeted killing, Targeted killings by Israel, List of Israeli assassinations, and baby Ali Deif

    On 25 October, Israeli soldiers raided an apartment in Nablus used by the group as an headquarter. Three Lions' Den militants were killed, including leader and co-founder Wadee al-Houh. Two Palestinian civilians were also killed in the nearby areas. Protests erupted in the town of Nabi Saleh hours after the raid, resulting in a Palestinian man being killed by Israeli soldiers.[16] In February 2023, Israeli soldiers conducted a military incursion into the Palestinian city of Nablus.[17] The initial targets were Lions' Den members Husam Bassam Isleem (24) and Muhammad Omar “Juneidi” Abu Bakr (23), who were shot and killed. Five other group members were also killed during firefight in the city. Four Palestinian civilians, including three elderly men and a boy, were also killed by the Israeli soldiers.[18]

    Extrajudicial execution by Lions' Den 2023

    See also: Mahmoud Eshtewi, Extrajudicial killings by Hamas, and Alleged executions of gay men in Palestine

    The Lions' Den in Nablus executed one of their members for sharing information with the Israeli security services that led to the assassination of several leaders of the group. The young man had been bribed and blackmailed by Shin Bet allegedly using a video of if him having sex with a male partner.[19][20][21][22]

    During the 2023 to 2024 war

    Main article: Executions and assassinations during the Israel-Hamas war

    Assassination of a hospital patient and his companions

    See also: war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war

    Unarmed members of the military are allowed to be taken prisoner but not killed.[23] Wounded combatants are further protected under the Geneva Conventions, they are not allowed to be killed or captured,[24] but they may be kept as prisoners of war after they recover if they are treated at enemy hospitals.[25]

    Executions of suspected informants by militant groups

    [26]

    References

    1. ^ Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy, 237
    2. ^ The Terrorism Ahead: Confronting Transnational Violence in the Twenty-First, Paul J. Smith, M.E. Sharpe, 2007, p. 27 [ISBN missing]
    3. ^ Chalk, Peter (1996). Encyclopedia of World Terrorism. Routledge. p. 394. ISBN 978-1-56324-806-1.
    4. ^ Crenshaw, Martha; Pimlott, John (1998). International Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Routledge. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-57958-022-3.
    5. ^ Hardy, Roger (2017). The Poisoned Well, Empire and its Legacy in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-19-062322-7.
    6. ^ Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Harvey W. Kushner, Sage, 2003 p. 181 [ISBN missing]
    7. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica article on the Irgun Zvai Leumi
    8. ^ The British Empire in the Middle East, 1945–1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism, William Roger Louis, Oxford University Press, 1986, p. 430 [ISBN missing]
    9. ^ Clarke, Thurston. By Blood and Fire, G. P. Puttnam's Sons, New York, 1981 [page needed] [ISBN missing]
    10. ^ Green, David B. (22 July 2021). "This Day in Jewish History: Irgun blows up British HQ at Jerusalem's King David Hotel". Haaretz. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
    11. ^ Lucas, Noah (1975). The Modern History of Israel. New York, New York: Praeger Publishers. p. 356. ISBN 0-275-33450-3.
    12. ^ "Zeevi profile". the Guardian. 18 October 2001.
    13. ^ a b "Four Palestinians killed in Israeli raid in West Bank". Le Monde. 25 October 2022.
    14. ^ a b "Lions' Den – Mapping Palestinian Politics – European Council on Foreign Relations". 10 October 2022.
    15. ^ Kingsley, Patrick; Yazbek, Hiba (4 March 2023). "In West Bank, New Armed Groups Emerge, and Dormant Ones Stir". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 5 March 2023.
    16. ^ "Six killed as Israel targets militants in West Bank raid". BBC News. 25 October 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
    17. ^ "Israeli forces kill 10 Palestinians in Nablus raid". Al Jazeera. 22 March 2023. Archived from the original on 22 February 2023. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
    18. ^ Barghouti, Mariam (24 February 2023). "Nablus mourns following Israeli invasion that tore city and lives apart". Mondoweiss. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
    19. ^ "Palestinian terror group Lion's Den claims it executed an Israeli spy in Nablus". 9 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
    20. ^ "Lions' Den execute man accused of informing for Israel". The New Arab (London). 10 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
    21. ^ Amun, Fadi (9 April 2023). "Militant group Lion's Den announces execution of Palestinian for collaborating with Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
    22. ^ "Fearing Israeli retaliation, Lions' Den chief turns himself in to PA". I24news. 28 April 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
    23. ^ same reference as Nahal Oz lookout massacre
    24. ^ ICRC website
    25. ^ same ref as use of Shifa
    26. ^ times of Israel

    See also

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