Effects of Hurricane Ivan in Florida

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Hurricane Ivan
Satellite image of Hurricane Ivan shortly before landfall
Meteorological history
FormedSeptember 15, 2004
DissipatedSeptember 22, 2004
Category 3 major hurricane
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS)
Highest winds115 mph (185 km/h)
Overall effects
Fatalities14 direct, unknown indirect
Damage$113 million (2004 USD)
Areas affectedFlorida
[1]
Part of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
History

Effects

Other wikis

The effects of Hurricane Ivan in Florida in mid-to-late September 2004 were quite destructive, with over 14 direct deaths being caused by the storm, and at least $113 million in damage. After Ivan was a Category 5 at three separate points,[2] the storm weakened to a Category 3 before making landfall in nearby Alabama. However, neighboring Florida still saw destructive impacts from Ivan.

Preparations

On September 9, while the hurricane was located off the coast of Venezuela, the National Hurricane Center forecasted Ivan to make landfall in southern Florida as a major hurricane within five days.[3] As such, a mandatory evacuation was issued for all residents and visitors of the Florida Keys. According to newspaper reports, an estimated 50 percent of Monroe County residents evacuated the islands.[4] Its forecast track shifted westward, and by September 10 it was predicted to pass near the Florida Keys before moving ashore near Cedar Key after paralleling the state's western coastline; however, uncertainty was noted.[5] On September 12, a tropical storm watch was issued for the Florida Keys from the Dry Tortugas to Seven Mile Bridge.[6]

In the several days prior to Ivan making its first United States landfall, forecasters predicted Ivan to move ashore between Alabama and the western Florida panhandle. About 52 hours prior to its landfall, the National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane watch from Morgan City, Louisiana to St. Marks, Florida. About 34 hours before moving ashore, the watch was replaced with a hurricane warning from Grand Isle, Louisiana to Apalachicola, Florida, with a tropical storm warning further east to Yankeetown.[6]

Impact

Florida Keys and Southern Florida

The outer rainbands of Ivan produced a wind gust of 53 mph (86 km/h) on Key West; the winds downed some tree limbs across the Florida Keys, though the number of downed trees was limited by the passage of previous hurricanes Charley and Frances. While passing west of the area, the hurricane produced a 1 foot (0.3 m) storm tide. The mandatory evacuations prevented the delivery of products, which caused widespread fuel and food shortages at commercial establishments.[4] As the storm moved through the region, an important Major League Baseball series between the Florida Marlins and Montreal Expos was moved to U.S. Cellular Field in Chicago.[7] In addition, the season opener between the Tennessee Titans and Miami Dolphins was moved forward a day due to the storm.[8]

Florida Panhandle

Ivan spawned a tornado outbreak in Florida, leading to six deaths in the state.[9][10][11] The maximum sustained winds recorded along the Florida Panhandle officially peaked at 76 mph (122 km/h) in Pensacola,[6] though officials estimate the hurricane produced winds of Category 3 status on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale.[12] Wind gusts unofficially reached 124 mph (201 km/h), also at Pensacola.[6] The storm heavily damage the Escambia Bay Bridge. [13] The storm surge knocked a total of 58 spans off the eastbound and westbound bridges and misaligned another 66 spans, which forced the bridge to close to traffic in both directions.[14] Rainfall totals reached 15.79 inches (401 mm) in Pensacola.[15]

Aftermath

Over 400,000 customers in Florida lost power due to the hurricane. This became the third strong hurricane to impact Florida in 2004, the others being Hurricane Charley and Hurricane Frances.[16] A fourth storm, Jeanne, also impacted Florida just a few days later.[17] After Hurricane Ivan, 4,500 personnel were deployed in Florida, with 3,339 patients being treated, 2.96 million meals distributed, 56 shelters were set up, and $157 million in grants were given. They also completed over 104,000 housing inspections and distributed 97,700 tarps.[18]

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Florida Event Reports: Hurricane Ivan, NCEI
  2. ^ Memories of Ivan overshadowed by Katrina for many, NOLA, September 15, 2009
  3. ^ Stacy Stewart (2004). "Hurricane Ivan Discussion Twenty-Eight". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  4. ^ a b National Climatic Data Center (2004). "Event Report for the Florida Keys". Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  5. ^ Lixion Avila (2004). "Hurricane Ivan Discussion Thirty-Three". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  6. ^ a b c d Stacy R. Stewart (2004). "Hurricane Ivan Tropical Cyclone Report". National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
  7. ^ "Marlins to play Expos in Chicago". ESPN. Associated Press. September 9, 2004.
  8. ^ "Titans, Dolphins To Play Saturday Due To Hurricane Ivan". Sports Business Journal. American City Business Journals. September 10, 2004.
  9. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
  10. ^ "Florida Event Report: F1 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
  11. ^ "Florida Event Report: F2 Tornado". National Climatic Data Center. 2004. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
  12. ^ Hurricane Research Division (2006). "Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851-2005". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  13. ^ "Bridge Replacement over Escambia Bay". Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on August 11, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
  14. ^ "Repairing Florida's Escambia Bay Bridge". ACP Construction. Archived from the original on January 27, 2006. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
  15. ^ Powerful Hurricane Ivan Slams the Central Gulf Coast as a Category 3 Hurricane, NWS Mobile/Pensacola
  16. ^ Ivan Aftermath: Panhandle Pounded, CBS News, September 17, 2004
  17. ^ 4 hurricanes in 6 weeks? It happened to one state in 2004., NOAA, August 16, 2019
  18. ^ USA: Recovery efforts ongoing six months after Ivan, ReliefWeb, March 10, 2005
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