Dusky-throated hermit

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Dusky-throated hermit
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Phaethornis
Species:
P. squalidus
Binomial name
Phaethornis squalidus
(Temminck, 1822)

The dusky-throated hermit (Phaethornis squalidus) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.[3]

Taxonomy and systematics

The dusky-throated hermit has sometimes included what is now (2021) the streak-throated hermit (P. rupurumii) but it is now treated as monotypic.[4][3][5][6]

Description

The dusky-throated hermit is 10 to 12.5 cm (3.9 to 4.9 in) long and weighs 2.5 to 3.5 g (0.088 to 0.12 oz). It is a medium-sized hermit hummingbird. It is generally brownish with a greenish back and ochraceous underparts. It has a black "mask" and white supercilium and malar stripe and a dark brown throat. The sexes are generally alike, though the female may have paler underparts and a slightly more decurved bill.[7]

Distribution and habitat

The dusky-throated hermit is found in southeastern Brazil, mostly from southern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo south to Santa Catarina, and also in the Iguazu Falls area of western Paraná. It inhabits the understory of humid primary and secondary forest from the littoral zone to an elevation of 2,250 m (7,400 ft).

Behavior

Movement

The dusky-throated hermit is believed to be sedentary.[7]

Feeding

The dusky-throated hermit feeds on nectar and also on small arthropods, but details of its diet and foraging technique have not been published.[7]

Breeding

The dusky-throated hermit's breeding season spans from October to February. Its nest is a cone-shaped cup suspended from the underside of a drooping leaf. The clutch size is two eggs and the female alone incubates them.[7]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to dusky-throated hermit on xeno-canto

Vocalization

The dusky-throated hermit's song is "a complex warbling high-pitched phrase repeated continuously...e.g. 'tsi-teeé-tsa-tsa-tseé-CHAW-CHAW'." Its call is "a high-pitched 'tsee!'."[7]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the dusky-throated hermit as being of Least Concern, though its population size and trend are unknown.[1] "Continuing destruction of rainforest may present a major threat in [the] future."[7]

References

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Dusky-throated Hermit Phaethornis squalidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22733913A95069144. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22733913A95069144.en. Retrieved 24 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  4. ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
  5. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021
  6. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world Version 5. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip [.xls zipped 1 MB] retrieved May 27, 2021
  7. ^ a b c d e f Hinkelmann, C., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Dusky-throated Hermit (Phaethornis squalidus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.duther1.01 retrieved November 24, 2021
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