Dunging
Dunging was a process used in textile manufacturing to finish printed textiles, particularly those printed with aluminium or iron mordants.[1] It was a process of exposing mordanted products into a solution of cow dung and hot water.[2] Dunging was used to fix mordants as well as remove unfixed mordants and thickening agents from the fabric.[1][3][4][5]
A mordant is a chemical that fixes a dye on a material by reacting with the dye to generate an insoluble compound.[6]
Etymology
The treatment got its name from the cow dung that was the primary ingredient used in the formulation.[1][7] Later, the process was substituted by certain chemical substances such as molybdic acid, arsenic, or phosphoric acid or soluble salts of tungstic acid.[8]
Objective
Dunging is followed by printing and the ageing process.[9] Dunging removes the thickening agents used in printing and also aids in the detachment of mordants that are only lightly adhered. Additionally, it completes the mordant's fixation on the material and makes it ready and compatible with the dye.[7]
See also
References
- ^ a b c Knecht, Edmund (1952). The principles and practice of textile printing. Рипол Классик. p. 148. ISBN 978-5-88272-441-1.
- ^ O'Neill, Charles; Fesquet, A. A. (1869). A dictionary of dyeing and calico printing : containing a brief account of dyeing and printing textile fabrics. University of California Libraries. Philadelphia : H.C. Baird. p. 203.
- ^ Nystrom, Paul Henry; Wisconsin. University. University extension division. [from old catalog] (1916). Textiles. The Library of Congress. New York, Chicago [etc.] D. Appleton and company. p. 260.
- ^ Knecht, E. (1924). The Principles And Practice Of Textile Printing. Рипол Классик. p. 151. ISBN 978-5-87484-995-5.
- ^ English Patents of Inventions, Specifications: 1857, 2719 - 2794. H.M. Stationery Office. 1858.
- ^ Chemistry (IUPAC), The International Union of Pure and Applied. "IUPAC - mordant (M04029)". goldbook.iupac.org. doi:10.1351/goldbook.M04029. Retrieved 2022-03-01.
- ^ a b Rothwell, Charles Frederick Seymour (1897). The Printing of Textile Fabrics: A Practical Manual on the Printing of Cotton, Woollen, Silk and Half-silk Fabrics. C. Griffin, limited. p. 176.
- ^ Patents for Inventions: Abridgments of Specifications : Class ... Patent Office. 1872. p. 232.
- ^ Encyclopædia of Chemistry, Theoretical, Practical, and Analytical, as Applied to the Arts and Manufacturers: Acetic acid-gas. J. B. Lippincott & Company. 1877. p. 695.
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