Dubok (camouflage)
| VSR-84 "Dubok" | |
|---|---|
 Ukrainian Butan woodland pattern. | |
| Type | Military camouflage pattern |
| Place of origin | Soviet Union |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1984–present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | |
| Production history | |
| Designed | 1984 |
| Produced | 1984–present |
| Variants | See Variants |
The VSR-84 "Dubok"[1] (also "Butan"[2] or "Butane"[3]) is a tricolor military camouflage designed for the Soviet Armed Forces in 1984. After the dissolution of the USSR, it was used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[4]
The camouflage is sometimes known as TTsKO (Russian: Tryokhtsvetnaya kamuflirovannaya odezdha, lit. 'Three Color Camouflage').[5]
History
The Dubok was developed in 1984 for the former Soviet Army.[6] They were used by the Soviet Air Forces and Soviet Airborne Forces.[7] The pattern was first used in Afghanistan.[1]
Russian service
The Dubok was seen with Russian spetsnaz forces deployed in 1992 during the Transnistria War as peacekeepers.[8]
The pattern was seen with officers while privates and other soldiers were using the VSR-93.[9]
Ukrainian service
Then-president Leonid Kuchma said in July 1993 that the Ukrainian military would receive new camouflage uniforms, but it was never issued.[10] By 1994, Duboks were seen with darker camouflage prints.[11]
Duboks in Ukrainian service were replaced by digital camouflage in 2014.[12] At the time, it was reported that Ukraine obtained Dubok fabric from Belarusian and Chinese producers.[13]
The Dubok was last used by Ukrainian troops in 2014 during the Donbas War, which was replaced by the MM14[2] from August 21, 2014.[1]
Design
The color scheme "oak", known as "amoeba",[14] consists of a light green background, on which spots of green and brown colors are applied.[6] Camouflage is designed to blur the silhouette at long and close distances.
Variants
Belarus
Belarus formerly used a clone of the Ukrainian Dubok desert variant.[15]
Croatia
Croatia used Soviet-era dubok as basis for clones made during the Croatian War of Independence.[16]
Estonia
Estonia made their versions of the TTsKO after it gained independence with inconsistent green colors.[17]
Moldova
Moldova used Ukrainian-made duboks, but with whorl-based shapes on the pattern.[18]
Ukraine
A desert variant was developed based on the Ukrainian version of the Dubok.[19][20] It's either known in the Ukrainian military as the Dubok-P (Desert) or Dubok-UA (Desert-UA).[1]
Users
Current
Unrecognized entities
Former
Armenia: Formerly used by Armenian border guard forces.[21]
Azerbaijan: Used by Azeri border guard in the 1990s after the fall of the USSR.[22]
Belarus: Known to be used by Belarusian airborne and special forces units.[23] Ukrainian desert variant used in 2003–2004 with Belarusian soldiers in peacekeeping missions in desert scenarios.[15]
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria[24]
Croatia: Croatian clones of Soviet-era duboks used in the Croatian war of independence in 1991.[16]
Estonia: Formerly used by Estonian military and border guard forces.[17] Some uniforms were based on local TTsKO camouflage.[17]
Kyrgyzstan: Used by Kyrgyz military in the 1990s.[25]
Moldova: Moldovan troops used a variant of the Soviet-era TTsKo from 1991 to 1995.[18]
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Used by the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan until its dissolution in 1992.[citation needed] Passed on to various private armies such as Hekmatyar's Hezbi Islami, Massoud's Jamiat Islami and Dostum's Junbish.[citation needed]
Russia: Adopted in 1991.[26] Replaced later on by the VSR/Dubok in 1991 for specialist units in the Russian military before the rest of the military and the MVD received the pattern in 1994.
Serbian Krajina: Kninjas paramilitary forces used one piece coverall uniforms made from M82-based TTsKo.[27]
Soviet Union: Until dissolution in 1991, passed onto successor states.[citation needed]
Ukraine: Used by the Armed Forces of Ukraine until 2014.[28][4][29] Replaced from service by the MM14.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d https://mil.in.ua/en/articles/camouflage-of-the-ukrainian-army-from-butan-to-mm-14/
- ^ a b c "Ukraine Army Uniform - Combat Uniform & Amunition for Soldiers". November 15, 2022.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 469.
- ^ a b "Все для фронта: какие новые вооружения ВПК готов поставлять армии Украины". РБК-Украина (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-02-16.
- ^ Greentree (2023), p. 60.
- ^ a b "Камуфляж "Дубок" - Камуфляж Украины - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". September 7, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-07.
- ^ "Камуфляж "Бутан" - Камуфляж СССР - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". September 7, 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-09-07.
- ^ Galeotti (2015), p. 32.
- ^ "Russian Camo: What Camouflage Does Russia Use ?". April 2020.
- ^ В украинской армии будет новая форма. Теоретически // "Красная звезда", № 169 (21156) от 28 июля 1993. стр.1
- ^ https://chas.news/current/kamuflyazh-v-armiyah-ukraini-ssha-i-rosii-nazvi-kolori-ta-sekreti-uspishnogo-maskuvannya
- ^ "Украинские военные наденут новую форму". ukraine.segodnya.ua.
- ^ "«Дубки» отечества и ботинки «смерть суставам» / Экспертиза / Держава / В номере 2000.ua Последние новости Украины, аналитика Украина, газета 2000". July 15, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-07-15.
- ^ "Тентова прорезинена тканина камуфляж "Дубок", ш. 150 см купити недорого на відріз в інтернет-магазині тканин "Натуральні тканини" з доставкою по Україні для наметів, тентів, чохлів". shoptkani.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2023-01-22.
- ^ a b Larson (2021), p. 357.
- ^ a b Larson (2021), p. 367-368.
- ^ a b c Larson (2021), p. 376.
- ^ a b Larson (2021), p. 411.
- ^ "Камуфляж Пустыня" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2012-10-05. Retrieved 2023-03-06.
- ^ "Камуфляж Пустыня (использовался в Ираке) - Камуфляж Украины - Камуфляж стран Европы - Камуфляж". April 15, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-04-15.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 195.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 198.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 356.
- ^ "Первая чеченская. Четверть века назад был подписан указ о войне". Радио Свобода (in Russian). Retrieved 27 April 2024.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 267.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 431.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 445.
- ^ Larson (2021), p. 458.
- ^ "Ukrainian M14 Digital Pattern". October 5, 2019.
Bibliography
- Galeotti, Mark (2015). Spetsnaz: Russia's Special Forces. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1472807229.
- Greentree, David (2023). Soviet Naval Infantry 1917–91. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472851628.
- Larson, Eric H. (2021). Camouflage: International Ground Force Patterns, 1946–2017. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. ISBN 9781526739537.
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