Dhadhor

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Dhadhor (also known as Dhirhor,[1] Dharhor,[2] Dhindhor,[3] Danhor[4] and Dhanroar)[5] is a clan of inferior Ahirs and they are reckoned in the Tushreeh-ul-akwam amongst the Doab Ahirs.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

Origin

According to the Calcutta Review : "Among the forefathers of Ahirs there were two brothers, viz., Lorik and Deosi, who lived together in the same house with a common wife. By their joint wife they had seven sons, who were the founders of the seven sub-castes or sub-divisions of Ahirs, and whose names were Gwálbans, Bhurtiya, Dhindhor, Jhikia, Aheri, Banmanush and Gonder."[14][15]

History & Bhiti Rawat State

They are variously described as a tribe of inferior or lowly[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Ahirs in Benaras and Gorakhpur. And they are reckoned in Tushreeh-ul-Akwam amongst the Doab Ahirs.[7]

According to John Collinson Nesfield, Dhadhor or Dhandhor etymologically means, "one whose wealth lies in cattle."[16]

They had control over a big jagir or estate in Hassanpur-Maghar (the posessors of this estate were of partly-Rajput[17][18] descent) of the Gorakhpur district (which again was originally given to them on the condition that they should keep the adjacent forests free from depredators).[19] Which in latter times came to be known as Bhiti-Rawat.

Occupation

According to Yadav Mahasabha, within the 350 gotras of the Ahirs they were enlisted as the buffalo-breeders.[20]

Culture & Population

Though in small numbers but they sing Lorikayan in Bhojpuri dialect.[21][22]

They also pray Dhano, a tutelary deity of Gonds.[23][24][25]

According to Jack Planalp, the Bir Babas of Senapur in Jaunpur originated with the Dharhor Ahirs of the area.[26][27]

According to Uttar Pradesh Gazetteers, the vast majority of Ahirs in Eastern Uttar Pradesh belong to the Gwalbans subcaste and the rest to Dhindhor clan.[28] They are also found in some parts of Bihar, specifically in old Shahabad.[29]

Social level

Shivnath Chaudhari (who himself was a Dhadhor[30] Loriki singer) stated to Shyam Manohar Pandey that despite of several differences Dhadhors rank lower to that to Gwálbans Ahirs.[31][32]

Chamars and Kirars

However, apart from them a section of Chamars in Hamirpur and Banda districts of Uttar Pradesh are also called Dhindhor.[33][34][35][36][37]

According to Elliot, a subdivison of Kirars are also termed as Dhirhor or Darhor.[38][39]

References

  1. ^ Balfour, Edward (1885). The Cyclopaedia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific ... B. Quaritch.
  2. ^ Coccari, Diane Marjorie (1986). The Bir Babas of Banaras: An Analysis of a Folk Deity in North Indian Hinduism. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
  3. ^ Oudh (India), United Provinces of Agra and (1909). District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh: Cawnpore. Supdt., Government Press, United Provinces.
  4. ^ Pandey, Shyam Manohar (1982). The Hindi oral epic Canainī: the tale of Lorik and Candā (in Hindi). Sahitya Bhawan.
  5. ^ Risley, Sir Herbert Hope (1892). The Tribes and Castes of Bengal: Ethnographic Glossary. Printed at the Bengal secretariat Press.
  6. ^ a b Wilson, Horace Hayman (1855). A Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms: And of Useful Words Occurring in Official Documents Relating to the Administration of the Government of British India, from the Arabic, Persian, Hindustání, Sanskrit, Hindí, Bengálí, Uriya, Maráthi, Guazráthí, Telugu, Karnáta, Tamil, Malayálam, and Other Languages. W.H. Allen and Company.
  7. ^ a b c Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1845). Supplement to the Glossary of Indian Terms. Printed at the Secundra Orphan Press by N.H. Longden.
  8. ^ a b Elliot, Henry M. (1869). Memoirs on the History, Folk-Lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India; being an amplified Edition of the original: Supplemental Glossary of India Terms By the late Henry M. Elliot. Edited, revised, and re-arranged by John Beames. In 2 Volumes. I. Trübner & Company.
  9. ^ a b Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1869). Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India: Being an Amplified Edition of the Original Supplemental Glossary of Indian Terms. Trübner & Company.
  10. ^ a b Forbes, Duncan (1866). A Dictionary, Hindustani & English: Accompanied by a Reversed Dictionary, English and Hindustani. W.H. Allen.
  11. ^ a b Forbes, Duncan (8 June 2023). A Dictionary , Hindustani and English: Part I. BoD – Books on Demand. ISBN 978-3-382-33056-9.
  12. ^ a b Forbes, Duncan (1848). A Dictionary, Hindustani and English: To which is Added a Reversed Part, English and Hindustani. W.H. Allen.
  13. ^ a b College.), Duncan Forbes (Professor of Oriental Languages, King's (1859). A Dictionary, Hindustani and English: to which is Added a Reversed Part, English and Hindustani.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Calcutta Review. University of Calcutta. 1888.
  15. ^ The Calcutta Review. 1888.
  16. ^ Nesfield, John Collinson (1885). Brief View of the Caste System of the North-Western Provinces and Oudh: Together with an Examination of the Names and Figures Shown in the Census Report, 1882, Being an Attempt to Classify on a Functional Basis All the Main Castes of the United Provinces, and to Explain Their Gradations of Rank and the Process of Their Formation. 28th February, 1885. North-Western Provinces and Oudh Government Press.
  17. ^ H.R. Nevill (1909). Gorakhpur: a Gazetteer being volume XXXI of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. Allahabad, Superntendent, Government press.
  18. ^ Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: Benares Division Cawnpore. pt. 2. Gorakhpur. pt. 3. Basti. 1881. Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press. 1880.
  19. ^ Sherring, Matthew Atmore (1872). Hindu Tribes and Castes. Thacker, Spink & Company.
  20. ^ People of India: Uttar Pradesh. Anthropological Survey of India. 2005. ISBN 978-81-7304-114-3.
  21. ^ Pandey, Shyam Manohar (1982). The Hindi oral epic Canainī: the tale of Lorik and Candā (in Hindi). Sahitya Bhawan.
  22. ^ Coccari, Diane Marjorie (1986). The Bir Babas of Banaras: An Analysis of a Folk Deity in North Indian Hinduism. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
  23. ^ India), Asiatic Society (Kolkata (1903). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Asiatic Society of Bengal.
  24. ^ Prinsep, James (1905). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Bishop's College Press.
  25. ^ Bengal, Royal Asiatic Society of (1907). Journal and Proceedings.
  26. ^ Coccari, Diane Marjorie (1986). The Bir Babas of Banaras: An Analysis of a Folk Deity in North Indian Hinduism. University of Wisconsin--Madison.
  27. ^ Planalp, Jack M. (1956). Religious Life and Values in a North Indian Village. Cornell University.
  28. ^ Pradesh (India), Uttar (1988). Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers. Government of Uttar Pradesh.
  29. ^ Singh, K. S. (2008). People of India: Bihar (2 pts.). Anthropological Survey of India. ISBN 978-81-85579-09-2.
  30. ^ Pandey Manohar. Look Mahakaviya Lorikayan.
  31. ^ Pandey, Shyam Manohar (1982). The Hindi oral epic Canainī: the tale of Lorik and Candā (in Hindi). Sahitya Bhawan.
  32. ^ Loka mahākāvya canainī: Lorika aura Candā kī loka-gāthā : mūla pāṭha, bhāvārtha, tathā tippaṇiyām̐ (in Hindi). Sāhitya Bhavana. 1982.
  33. ^ Commissioner, India Census (1903). Census of India, 1901: Volume I. India. Ethnographic Appendices, Being the Data Upon which the Caste Chapter of the Report is Based. Office of the Superintendent of Government printing, India.
  34. ^ Risley, Sir Herbert Hope (1903). India: Ethnographic Appendices, Being the Data Upon which the Caste Chapter of the Report is Based. Superintendent of government printing, India.
  35. ^ Commissioner, India Census (1903). Census of India, 1901: India (4 v.). Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India.
  36. ^ Commissioner, India Census (1903). Census of India, 1901: India. 3 pts. Government Central Press.
  37. ^ Crooke, William (1896). The Tribes and Castes of the North-western Provinces and Oudh. Office of the superintendent of government printing.
  38. ^ Elliot, Henry M. (1869). Memoirs on the History, Folk-Lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India; being an amplified Edition of the original: Supplemental Glossary of India Terms By the late Henry M. Elliot. Edited, revised, and re-arranged by John Beames. In 2 Volumes. I. Trübner & Company.
  39. ^ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1869). Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution of the Races of the North Western Provinces of India: Being an Amplified Edition of the Original Supplemental Glossary of Indian Terms. Trübner & Company.


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