Coniothyrium

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Coniothyrium
A leaf infected with the fungi
Coniothyrium ilicis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Dothideomycetes
Order:
Pleosporales
Family:
Coniothyriaceae
Genus:
Coniothyrium

Corda (1840)
Type species
Coniothyrium palmarum
Corda (1840)
Synonyms[1]

Coniothyrium is a genus of fungi in the family Coniothyriaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Czech mycologist August Carl Joseph Corda in 1840.[2] It was formerly placed in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family until 1983 when the family was established.

The genus are diverse geographically,[3] and have a cosmopolitan distribution across the world.[4]

The etymology of Coniothyrium is derived from New Latin, from coni- (from conus) and thyr- (from Greek thyreos meaning oblong shield, from thyra meaning door) and -ium (ending for a genus).[5]

Coniothyrium palmarum is the type species of the genus Coniothyrium. It is characterised by ostiolate pycnidial (asexual fruiting body) conidiomata, annellidic conidiogenous cells, the absence of conidiophores, and brown, thick-walled, 0- or 1-septate, verrucose conidia. Coniothyrium is similar morphologically to some species in the genus Microsphaeropsis. However, Microsphaeropsis is characterised by the production of phialidic conidiogenous cells with periclinal thickening, and thin-walled, pale greenish brown conidia.[3]

Species Coniothyrium glycines (R.B. Stewart) Verkley & Gruyter (2012) is known to cause red leaf blotch on Soyabean.[6] While Coniothyrium fuckelii is also a known plant pathogen (causing stem canker,[7]) that has also been known to cause infections in immunocompromised humans.[8] Coniothyrium phyllachorae Maubl. (1904) with other fungus species such as Phyllachora maydis Maubl. and Monographella maydis Müller & Samuels are the causes of Latin America tar spot complex in places such as Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia, and El Salvador.[9]

Species Coniothyrium ferrarisianum has been isolated from leaves of Daphne mucronata Royle in Iran,[10] it was originally isolated from Acer pseudoplatanus L. in Italy in 1958,[11] and it was later found on Vitis vinifera L. in Canada in 2017,[12] as well as Prunus spp. in Germany in 2020,[13] and also from Olea europaea L. in South Africa in 2020.[14]

Species

The Species Fungorum list up to 450 species, in 2023),[15] and the GBIF lists up to 499 species.[4]

Main article: List of Coniothyrium species

A selected few species are shown here.

References

  1. ^ "Synonymy: Coniothyrium Corda". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
  2. ^ Corda ACJ. (1840). Icones fungorum hucusque cognitorum (in Latin). Vol. 4. Prague: J.G. Calve.
  3. ^ a b de Gruyter, J.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Aveskamp, M.M.; Verkley, G.J.M.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (June 2013). "Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales". Studies in Mycology. 75: 1–36. doi:10.3114/sim0004. PMC 3713885.
  4. ^ a b "Coniothyrium Corda, 1840". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Definition of CONIOTHYRIUM". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  6. ^ Hartman, G.; Murithi, H.M. (22 May 2018). "Coniothyrium glycines (red leaf blotch)". CABI Compendium. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.17687. Retrieved 29 July 2023.
  7. ^ Kilian, M.; Steiner, U. (2003). "Disease / Bactericides and Fungicides". Encyclopedia of Rose Science.
  8. ^ McManus, Dayna S. (2016). "A Worldwide Yearly Survey of New Data in Adverse Drug Reactions". Side Effects of Drugs Annual.
  9. ^ Cairns, J.E.; Prasanna, B.M. (2012). "3.2.1 Plant diseases". Advances in Agronomy.
  10. ^ Mehrabi-Koushki, Mehdi; Artand, Saeid (December 2022). "First report of Coniothyrium ferrarisianum from Iran". Bot. J. Iran. doi:10.22092/BOT.J.IRAN.2022.360285.1326.
  11. ^ Bestagno-Biga, M.L.; Ciferri, R.; Bestagno, G. (1958). "Ordinamento artificiale delle specie del genere Coniothyrium". Sydowia. 12: 258–320.
  12. ^ Ibrahim, A.; Sørensen, D.; Jenkins, H.A.; Ejim, L.; Capretta, A.; Sumarah, M.W. (2017). "Epoxynemanione A, nemanifuranones AeF, and nemanilactones AeC, from Nemania serpens, an endophytic fungus isolated from Riesling grapevines". Phytochemistry. 140: 16–26.
  13. ^ Bien, S.; Damm, U. (2020). "Prunus trees in Germany, a hideout of unknown fungi". Mycological Progress. 19: 667–690.
  14. ^ Spies, C.F.J.; Mostert, L.; Carlucci, A.; Moyo, P.; van Jaarsveld, W.J.; du Plessis, I.L.; van Dyk, M.; Halleen, F. (2020). "Dieback and decline pathogens of olive trees in South Africa". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 45: 196–220.
  15. ^ "Species Fungorum - Search Page - Coniothyrium". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 28 July 2023.


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