Barawana language
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Portuguese. (October 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Barawana | |
---|---|
Baré | |
Mitua | |
Native to | Venezuela, Brazil |
Native speakers | 240 (2011)[1] |
Arawakan
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bae |
qth (Guiano) | |
qqd (Marawá) | |
Glottolog | bare1276 Baréguin1258 Guinaumara1409 Maragua |
ELP | Baré |
Barawana (Baré) is an Arawakan language of Venezuela and Brazil, where it is nearly extinct. It was spoken by the Baré people. Aikhenvald (1999) reports "just a few old speakers left" of Baré proper, and that the Guinau variety was extinct. Kaufman (1994) considers Baré proper, Guinau, and Marawá (currently extinct) to be distinct languages; Aikhenvald, dialects of a single languages. (Marawá is not the same language as Marawán.)
Baré is a generic name for a number of Arawakan languages in the area, including Mandahuaca, Guarequena, Baniwa, and Piapoco. Barawana is the language given this name in Kaufman, Aikhenvald, and Ethnologue. It is also known as Ibini (a typo for Ihini ~ Arihini?) and Mitua.
Phonology
Vowels
Vowels can come in three forms; oral, nasal, and voiceless:
Front | Central | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Close | oral | i | u | |
nasal | ĩ | ũ | ||
voiceless | i̥ | u̥ | ||
Mid | oral | e | ||
nasal | ẽ | |||
voiceless | e̥ | |||
Open | oral | a | ||
nasal | ã | |||
voiceless | ḁ |
- Vowel sounds /a ã ḁ/, /e ẽ e̥/, and /u ũ u̥/ are heard as [ɵ ɵ̃ ɵ̥], [ɛ ɛ̃ ɛ̥], and [o õ o̥] when in unstressed position.
- /a/ is heard as a back sound [ɑ] when after /w/.
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | |
aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | t͡ʃʰ | kʰ | ||
voiced | b | d | ||||
Fricative | s | h | ||||
Flap | ɾ | |||||
Sonorant | voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | j̊ | w̥ | |
voiced | m | n | j | w |
- Sounds /t, n/ are realized as dentalized and palatal [t̪] [ɲ] before and after /i/.
- /d/ is realized as an affricate [d͡ʒ] before front vowels.
- /ɾ/ can tend to fluctuate to a velarized [ɫ] in free variation.[2]
References
- ^ Barawana at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Cunha de Oliveira, Christiane (1993). Uma descrição do Baré (Arawak): Aspectos fonológicos e gramaticais [A description of Bare (Arawak): phonological and grammatical aspects] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
- Pages containing links to subscription-only content
- Language articles citing Ethnologue 18
- CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)
- Articles with short description
- Short description is different from Wikidata
- Articles needing translation from Portuguese Wikipedia
- Languages with Linglist code
- Pages with plain IPA
- Articles with J9U identifiers
- Articles with LCCN identifiers
- Languages of Brazil
- Arawakan languages
- Extinct languages of South America
- All stub articles
- Arawakan language stubs