Bajazet (Gasparini opera)
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Bajazet (Italian pronunciation: [baʒaˈze]) is an opera by Francesco Gasparini, a revision of his 1711 work Tamerlano. It was first performed at the Teatro Pubblico in Reggio Emilia in 1719, with designs by Pietro Righini.[1]
The first production included Francesco Borosini in the title role, Antonio Bernacchi (Tamerlano), Marina Benta Bulgarelli (Asteria), Faustina Bordoni (Irene), Diana Vico (Andronico), Antonio Piasi (Clearco), Battista Roberti (Leone) and Girolamo Bartoluzzi Regiano (Zaida).[1][2]
A second production was staged in Venice in 1723. Three versions of the work are known, but it is only the 1719 one for which all the music is known to have survived.[1]
Composition
Bajazet was a nearly complete rewrite of Tamerlano - there are only six arias in common between them. The rewriting was prompted by the need to rework the material around the renowned tenor Francesco Borosini. The original libretto by Agostino Piovene was extensively rewritten by Ippolito Zanelli - the role of Bajazet was expanded and made central to the new work, with his suicide now shown on stage rather than merely described.[2][3]
The number of parts and the distribution of arias also changed significantly between Tamerlano and Bajazet. Musically the focus of Tamerlano was Asteria, who had 9 arias, with only 6 for Bajazet and 5 for Tamerlano. The parts in Bajazet are more evenly balanced, and the minor characters were rewritten and given more arias to sing.[2][4]
Roles
| Role | Voice type | Premiere Cast[5] |
|---|---|---|
| Tamerlano, the emperor of the Tartars | alto castrato | Antonio Bernacchi |
| Bajazet, the emperor of the Turks, now a prisoner to Tamerlano | tenor | Francesco Borosini |
| Asteria, daughter of Bajazet, in love with Andronicus | soprano | Marianna Benti Bulgarelli, "la Romanina" |
| Irene, princess of Tresbisond, promised in marriage to Tamerlane | soprano | Faustina Bordoni |
| Andronicus, a prince from Greece, ally of Tamerlane | contralto in travesti | Diana Vico |
| Clearco, another prince from Greece, ally of Tamerlane | ? castrato | Antonio Pasi |
| Leone, Bajazet's general, a confidant of Asteria | ? castrato | Giovan Battista Roberti |
| Zaida, a Moor with Asteria | soprano castrato (in travesti) | Girolamo Bartoluzzi |
Influence
When Borosini went to London in 1724, he brought with him the score for Bajazet and showed it to George Frideric Handel. Handel had already written his own opera Tamerlano on the basis of the 1711 Piovene libretto, simplifying it by eliminating all the secondary characters except Leone. However when Borosini showed him the score for Bajazet he rewrote his own material again, adding in a death scene for Borosini in the title role.[2] The libretto Handel eventually used was written for him by Nicola Francesco Haym and amalgamated elements from Gasparini’s libretto from both 1711 and 1719.[6][4] Handel also cut much of the recitative in Gasparini’s version, as was his usual practice.[7]
Modern revival
Gasparini’s 1719 score may have been performed once of twice after the Reggio Emilia production, but the work was then neglected until 2014, when it was revived by Auser Musici and performed at the Opera Barga Festival.[8][9]
References
- ^ a b c "Gasparini Bajazet". operabaroque.fr. Opéra Baroque. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d Frigeni, Maurizio. "Il Bazajet". saladelcembalo.org. The Handel Harpsichord Room. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ Saunders, Harris. "Bajazet". oxfordmusiconline.com. Grove Music Online. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
- ^ a b Iain Fenlon; Tim Carter; Nigel Fortune (1995). Con Che Soavità: Studies in Italian Opera, Song, and Dance, 1580-1740. Clarendon Press. p. 278. ISBN 978-0-19-816370-1.
- ^ Original libretto reproduced aside
- ^ Reinhard Strohm (2008-10-30). Essays on Handel and Italian Opera. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-0-521-08835-0.
- ^ Hugill, Robert. "Gasparini's 'Il Bajazet' rediscovered". planethugill.com. Planet Hugill. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ Ogus, Anthony. "Gasparini's Bajazet at the Barga Festival". anthonyogus.co.uk. Anthony Ogus. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
- ^ "Auser Musici". sns.it. Scuola Normale Superiore. Retrieved 30 November 2019.