Coordinates: 17°25′00.4″N 78°29′17.7″E / 17.416778°N 78.488250°E / 17.416778; 78.488250

Andhra Christian Theological College

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This article is about UGC-recognised undergraduate courses (for the Clergy) and diploma, undergraduate and master's courses (for the Laity) offered by ACTC. For UGC-recognised master's courses (for the Clergy) specializing in Religion and Sacred Scripture, see Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture.

17°25′00.4″N 78°29′17.7″E / 17.416778°N 78.488250°E / 17.416778; 78.488250

Andhra Christian Theological College
White cross and ACTC against a black-and-pink background
Motto
Ad Consummationem Sanctorum In Opus Ministerii
Motto in English
"Equipping saints for ministry"
TypeSeminary
Established1 July 1964; 59 years ago (1 July 1964)
AffiliationSenate of Serampore College (University)
DirectorBishop T. George Cornelious, CSI (Chair of the Board of Governors)
Principal[1]The Rev. T. Swami Raju, AELC, D.Th. (Serampore)
Academic staff
15+[2]
Location
Hyderabad
,
Telangana
,
India

17°25′36″N 78°27′10″E / 17.42667°N 78.45278°E / 17.42667; 78.45278
Websitewww.actc.edu.in

Andhra Christian Theological College (ACTC) is a seminary[3] in Telangana which was founded in 1964.[4] It is affiliated with India's first[5] university, the Senate of Serampore College (University) (a university under section 2(f) of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956),[6][7] and has degree-granting authority under a Danish charter ratified by the government of West Bengal.[8] ACTC is on the Hussain Sagar canal (north) in Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) from the Secunderabad Junction railway station.[9]

The college was founded on the Lutheran Theological College campus in Rajahmundry and the founding societies included[10][11] the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, the Church of South India, the Convention of Baptist Churches of Northern Circars, the Methodist Church in India and the South Andhra Lutheran Church. The Samavesam of Telugu Baptist Churches held its B.D. classes at ACTC in 1967, and in 1972 the B.D. programme of the Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary was integrated into the college. When M. Victor Paul was principal (1991–1993), Good Samaritan Evangelical Lutheran Church joined the college.[12][13][11]

Christian missions in Andhra Pradesh[14] opened seminaries in Gooty (Union Theological Seminary),[15] Dornakal (Andhra Union Theological College,[16] for the Church of South India), Ramayapatnam (Baptist Theological Seminary, for the American Baptists), Luthergiri[17] (Lutheran Theological College), Kakinada (Baptist Theological Seminary, for Canadian Baptists) and Shamshabad (Mennonite Brethren Centenary Bible College, for the Anabaptists). Although professors were exchanged among the seminaries, Bachelor of Divinity students attended Serampore College in West Bengal.

Participating ecclesiastical societies
(in reverse alphabetical order)

Overview

Kretzmann Commission

Campus
Academic block face
Bell tower
Creche

ACTC constituted the Kretzmann Commission in 1969,[19] consisting of:

The commission's report, presented to the board of governors, suggested increasing the Bachelor of Divinity curriculum and abolishing the Licentiate in Theology programme.

Merger

Personalities
Bishop A. C. Solomon Raj, Chairperson of Board of Governors
Aprem Mooken, a Visitor to the college in 1988.[20]
Homiletics Scholar, The Rev. A. John Prabhakar, an Alumnus of this institution, and past Principal.

In 1964, the college was founded in Luthergiri, Rajahmundry, East Godavari with the merger of three[21] theological colleges:[22] Andhra Union Theological College in Dornakal, Baptist Theological Seminary in Kakinada,[23] and Lutheran Theological College in Rajahmundry.[23]

With William D. Coleman as its first principal, the college was dedicated on 1 July[24] 1964 by R. M. Clark[24] of the BTESSC.[a] The inaugural address was delivered by Senate of Serampore College registrar C. Devasahayam in Rajahmundry.[25]

The Ramayapatnam Baptist Theological Seminary was a separate part of the college in Rajahmundry until it merged in 1972.[13][24][12] By 1973, the college had moved from Rajahmundry to Secunderabad due to pollution from nearby paper mills.[26] The new buildings were dedicated by Church of South India bishop Pereji Solomon in the presence of Catholic archbishop Samineni Arulappa and seminarians from St. John's Regional Seminary.[27] During the 1990s, the college's postal address changed to Hyderabad (now in Telangana).

Administration and faculty

Board of governors

Succession of Old Testament faculty
at ACTC, Secunderabad (Telangana)

The college is administered by a board of governors composed of representatives of participating Protestant ecclesiastical societies:

Motto

Succession of New Testament and Greek faculty

The college motto is derived from Ephesians 4:12, which reads in the Latin Vulgate: "Ad consummationem sanctorum in opus ministerii..."[53] ("For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry..." in the King James Version).

Hall system

W. D. Coleman, the college's first principal, explained the hall system: "Each of the participating denominations has its own 'hall'. There are two hours of instruction each week about the liturgy, history, and policy of each denomination".[54]

The churches commonly associated with Protestantism in southern India include the Anglicans, Congregationalists, Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans and Methodists. Each church has its own tradition. At ACTC, students learn their respective church doctrine in addition to general theology.[55]

Principals

The principal serves a four-year term (2022-2026), with each participating church having an opportunity to provide a principal. The current principal is the Rev. T. Swami Raju, D.Th. (Serampore).

Term Years Church Society Denomination Principals Domicile
1964–1972 8 AELC Lutheran W. D. Coleman, PhD (Hartford) United States
W. P. Peery, PhD (Duke) United States
1972–1980 8 CSI Wesleyan Methodist P. Victor Premasagar, PhD (St Andrews) Telangana
1980–1986 6 CBCNC Baptist K. David, PhD (Edinburgh) Andhra Pradesh
1986–1990 4 STBC Baptist S. Joseph, D.Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
1990–1994 4 AELC Lutheran M. Victor Paul, D.Min. (Luther) Andhra Pradesh
G. Sampurna Rao, D.Min. (McCormick) Andhra Pradesh
1994–1998 4 CSI Wesleyan Methodist R. Yesurathnam, D.Th. (Serampore) Telangana
1998–2002 4 CBCNC Baptist K. D. G. Prakasa Rao, M.Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
D. J. Jeremiah, M. Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
2002–2006 4 STBC Baptist B. J. Christie Kumar, M.Th. (Serampore) Telangana
2006–2010 4 AELC Lutheran N. V. Luther Paul, D.Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
2010–2014 4 CSI Wesleyan Methodist Ch. Vasantha Rao, Dr. Theol. (Hamburg) Telangana
2014–2018[56] 4 CBCNC Baptist T. Matthews Emmanuel, D.Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
N. V. Vijaya Kumari, M.Th. (Serampore) Telangana
2018–2022 4 STBC Baptist A. John Prabhakar, D. Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh
2022–2026 4 AELC Lutheran T. Swami Raju, D.Th. (Serampore) Andhra Pradesh

Serampore University affiliation

The college has affiliated since its founding with the Senate of Serampore College (University).[57]

Degrees for pastors

ACTC and Serampore[58] offer two degrees for pastors: Bachelor of Divinity (B.D.) and Master of Theology (M. Th.) under the aegis of Advanced Institute for Research on Religion and Culture (ARRC).[57]

Distance education

Through distance education, ACTC has Bachelor of Christian Studies (B.C.S.) and Master of Christian Studies (M.C.S.) programmes for Christian students[59] and a Diploma in Christian Studies (Dip. C.S.) programme for Christian and non-Christian students.[57]

Registrar visits

When the college was founded in 1964, university registrar Chetti Devasahayam (CBCNC) delivered its inaugural address;[25] registrar D. S. Satyaranjan visited the college annually. Current registrar S. K. Patro has visited ACTC to investigate the prospect of upgrading the college to a postgraduate institution.[60]

University convocations

Drawing of a large building with columns
1887 drawing of Senate of Serampore College (University)

Master of Divinity programme through ATA

The college has begun an initiative to admit Christian candidates to a M.Div. programme, for which it has been accredited by the Asia Theological Association.[68]

Academics

Present active faculty[69][2][56]
Subject Name Gender Denomination Degree Alma mater University
Christian ministry L. Anitha, MCI F Methodist M.Th. Gurukul, Chennai[70] Serampore
New Testament Ch. Helen Salomy, STBC[71] F Baptist M.Th. UTC, Bangalore[72] Serampore
History of Christianity N. V. Grace,[73] AELC F Lutheran Ph.D.[74] ANU, Namburu Nagarjuna
History of Christianity P. Usha Priya,[75] STBC F Baptist M.Th. UTC, Bangalore Serampore
Religions K. Vimalesh Kumari, STBC F Baptist M.Th. ARRC, Hyderabad Serampore
History of Christianity D. Dasu, CBCNC M Baptist M.Th. UTC, Bangalore Serampore
Christian theology M. Gnanak Gerhardson, CSI M Wesleyan Methodist M.Th. Gurukul, Chennai Serampore
Communication V. Alfred Sudhakar, CBCNC[76] M Baptist M.Th. TTS, Madurai Serampore
Christian Ministry Y. J. Rajendra Prasad,[77] STBC M Baptist M.Th. UTC, Bangalore Serampore
New Testament G. Niranjan Nishchal,[78] CSI M Wesleyan Methodist M.Th. UTC, Bangalore Serampore
Missiology Ch. Joshi Ananda Prakash, AELC M Lutheran M.Th. Gurukul, Chennai[79] Serampore
Religions T. Swami Raju, AELC M Lutheran D.Th. SATHRI, Bangalore[80] Serampore
Religions P. Alexander, SALC M Lutheran M.Th. Gurukul, Chennai[81] Serampore
Social Analysis M. Yonathan,[82] STBC M Baptist M.Th. TTS, Madurai Serampore
Old Testament[71] K. Joseph Premavardhan,[83] CSI[84] M Congregational M. Th. UTC, Bangalore Serampore
Old Testament G. Vara Prasad, AELC M Lutheran D.Th. UTC, Bangalore[85] Serampore
Christian ministry K. T. Vijayakumar,[86] CSI[87] M Anglican M.Th. TTS, Madurai Serampore
Christian theology B. N. Ratna Prakash,[88] AELC M Lutheran M.Th. TTS, Madurai Serampore
On study leave
Subject Name Gender Denomination Degree Studying Institution Leave period
Christian theology B. J. Moses Shanthi Kumar,[89] CSI[90] M Wesleyan Methodist M. Th. S. T. M., Ph.D. UTS, New York 2019-2022
Christian theology S. I. Nirmal Kumar, CBCNC[79] M Baptist M. Th. D. Th. ETC, Jorhat 2023-2026

Library

Campus
Dormitory
Refectory
Residential quarters

ACTC's library has reading-room facilities, over 38,000[91] books and 35 periodicals. When the college was founded, it was known as the Dunkelberger Memorial Library.[24] The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America[92] had sponsored the library[92] in memory of Roy Martin Dunkelberger,[93] AELC, a Lutheran missionary in Rajahmundry.[94]

The library was renamed the Gipson Memorial Library in 2014 in honour of Baptist missionary T. G. Gipson, STBC, who had modernized the library during his second term as a visiting faculty member at the college.[95] The renaming ceremony was held during the tenure of T. Matthews Emmanuel (CBCNC) as principal, in the presence of board of governors chair K. Frederick Paradesi Babu (AELC) and board member V. Prasada Rao (CSI).

Student life

ACTC has recreational facilities which include throwball, tennis, basketball and volleyball courts, a table tennis room and a playing field for football and cricket. Daily mass is said in the chapel for students and teachers, and Sunday mass is open to the public. College festivals include the Christian Home Festival, Carey Day, CSI Day, Reformation Day, and Independence Day.

Notable figures

Notes

  1. ^ Formerly known as the Board of Theological Education of the National Council of Churches in India.

References

  1. ^ Principal's Annual Report 2023-2024 presented at the 60th graduation service, ACTC, Hyderabad
  2. ^ a b Principal's Annual Report 2015-2016 in the 52nd graduation service booklet of the Andhra Christian Theological College, 2016, pp.17-30.
  3. ^ Roger E. Hedlund, World Christianity: South Asia, Missions Advanced Research and Communication Center, 1980, p.48. [1]
  4. ^ M. Ezra Sargunam (Edited), Mission Mandate: A compendium of the perspective of missions in India, Mission India, Madras, 1992, p.495. [2]
  5. ^ Sankar Ray, The Hindu (Business Line), 11 April 2008 "Almost a century later, the charter was endorsed officially under the Bengal Govt Act IV of 1918." Internet, accessed 30 November 2008. [3]
  6. ^ "UGC Act-1956" (PDF). mhrd.gov.in/. Secretary, University Grants Commission. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  7. ^ The Senate of Serampore College (University) is a University within the meaning of Section 2 (f) of the UGC Act, 1956 under which a University means a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act, a Provincial Act or a State Act, and includes any such institution as may, in consultation with the University concerned, be recognised by the Commission in accordance with the regulations made in this behalf under this Act. The UGC took the opinion that the Senate fell under the purview of Section 2 (f) of the said Act since The Serampore College Act, 1918 was passed by the Government of West Bengal.[4] Archived 12 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ History of Council of Serampore College
  9. ^ Google Maps
  10. ^ a b c d e f Prospectus ACTC, Printed by A. Nageswara Rao at Saraswathi Power Press, Rajahmundry, 1969, p.4.
  11. ^ a b Rajaiah David Paul, Ecumenism in action: a historical survey of the Church of South India, Christian Literature Society, Madras, 1972, p.146. [5]
  12. ^ a b Foundations: A Baptist Journal of History and Theology, Volumes 11-12, American Baptist Historical Society, 1968, pp.320-321. [6]
  13. ^ a b Year Book of the American Baptist Convention 1971, 1971, p.183
  14. ^ Martin Senftleben [7] Archived 9 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Influences of Hinduism on Christianity in Andhra Pradesh. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  15. ^ Edmund Davies draws attention to Prof. Wilfred Scopes, a Missionary of the London Missionary Society who taught in the seminaries in Gooty and Dornakal. Edmund Davis, The History of Theological Education in Jamaica: The United Theological College of the West Indies and its four antecedent colleges (1841-1966), 1998, page 167. [8]
  16. ^ "Library file" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 April 2003. Retrieved 5 March 2006.
  17. ^ Winnipeg Free Press [9] United Lutheran Church Advances - The Board sends new missionaries to each of six foreign mission fields. Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  18. ^ Foundations, Volume 11, American Baptist Historical Society, 1968. p. 321. [10]
  19. ^ Martin Kretzmann (1906-2000) was a missionary to India and was also instrumental in affiliating the Concordia Theological Seminary, Nagercoil with the Senate of Serampore College (University). "India Evangelical Lutheran Church". Archived from the original on 29 May 2006. Retrieved 23 April 2006. Internet, accessed 23 April 2006.
  20. ^ Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion, Volume 8, 1989, p.63
  21. ^ J. Herbert Kane, A Global View of Christian Missions from Pentecost to the Present, Baker Book House, 1971, p.120. [11]
  22. ^ Victor Premasagar "Merging Currents, Inc.: Books on Christianity in India, Hinduism and Indian culture and history: Titles". Archived from the original on 4 June 2004. Retrieved 25 April 2006. Interpretive Diary of a Bishop, Chennai, 2001, p.88
  23. ^ a b 1966 Yearbook of the Lutheran Church in America, United Lutheran publication house, 1965, p.11.[12]
  24. ^ a b c d Margaret Eunice Hawkinson née Coleman, That they may be one - The Story of the Andhra Christian Theological College, Published by the Mission Council of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, and printed at the Lenox Press, Madurai, 1966. [13]
  25. ^ a b The Lutheran, Volume 2, Lutheran Church in America, 1964, p.30
  26. ^ Minutes of the Biennial Convention, Issue 7, Lutheran Church in America, 1974, p.553.[14]
  27. ^ "ACTC web site. Milestones". Archived from the original on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  28. ^ Doctoral Dissertations in History, 1958, p.26
  29. ^ a b c d e f Talathoti Punnaiah, My Memoir, Ministry and Message - 60 years Life Experiences 1950-2010, Self-published by the author, Kakinada, 2010, pp.11, 12, 18, 23, 33.
  30. ^ The Times of India Directory and Year Book Including Who's Who, Bennett and Coleman, Bombay, 1954, p.961.[15]
  31. ^ John C. England, et al. (Edited), Asian Christian Theologies, Volume 2, ISPCK, New Delhi, 2002, pp.275-276. [16]
  32. ^ G. Solomon, The Concept of Suffering in the Bible and in Hinduism, Eastern University (United States), Pennsylvania, 1957. [17]
  33. ^ Guide to Indian Periodical Literature, Volume 23, 1989, p.57
  34. ^ Faith Lutheran Church, Volume 2, Issue 9, September 2015, p.3
  35. ^ Missionalia, Volume 32, 2004, p.305
  36. ^ Missionalia, Volume 35, 2007, p.148
  37. ^ Journal of the Henry Martyn Institute, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1999, p.4.[18]
  38. ^ Guide to Indian Periodical Literature, Volume 43, 2006, p.133
  39. ^ Ravela Jeeva Kumar, Struggle for land rights in 1 Kings 21 : a dalit hermeneutic perspective, ISPCK, New Delhi, 2012. [19]
  40. ^ Indian Journal of Theology, Volume 18, 2-3, April–September 1969, p.196. [20]
  41. ^ University of Edinburgh Journal, Volume 35, 1991, p.193
  42. ^ Victor Paul has a postgraduate degree in New Testament from the Senate of Serampore College (University). In addition, he also has a doctoral degree in the field of Christian Ministry.
  43. ^ K. M. Hiwale (Compiled), Directory 1910-1997 of the United Theological College, Bangalore, 1997, p.111
  44. ^ 70 years of God's Faithfulness: CSI (Medak Diocese) UK Telugu Christians Souvenir commemorating the 70th year of the formation of the Church of South India, 2016, p.15.[21] Archived 27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies, Volume 12, 1993, p.2.[22]
  46. ^ Reconciliation as the mission of God, Reconciliation Network, 2005, p.23.[23]
  47. ^ International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Volume 19, Number 2, April 1995, p.67.[24]
  48. ^ List of Recipients of Doctor of Theology Degree, Senate of Serampore College (University). [25] Archived 14 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  49. ^ "Lisa Lohnes, W5 on Missions, Tidings, p.16, September 2012" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
  50. ^ Church of South India Synod, Diocese of Medak. [26]
  51. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on 17 July 2012, p.32.
  52. ^ Church of South India Synod, Pastoral Concerns Department, Lenten Meditations, 2020.[27]
  53. ^ Vulgate, Ephesians 4 Retrieved 23 April 2006.
  54. ^ Edgar R. Trexler, Mission in a New World, Fortress Press, 1977. p. 29.[28]
  55. ^ The American Lutheran, American Lutheran Publicity Bureau, Delhi (town), New York, 1965. p. 12. [29]
  56. ^ a b Principal's Annual Report 2016-2017 presented at the 53rd graduation service, ACTC, Hyderabad
  57. ^ a b c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2016. Retrieved 17 September 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  58. ^ "Nature of Serampore degrees". Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  59. ^ P. Satyanarayana, Emmanuel D.K. Meduri, Use of Distance Education by Christian Religion to Train, Edify and Educate Adherents, Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, Volume 14, Number 2, April 2013. [30]
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h Address of the President of the Senate, 2016 Convocation of the University. [31]
  61. ^ a b Religion and Society, Volume 26, Issue 2, Christian Institute for the Study of Religion and Society, Bangalore, 1979, p.77. [32]
  62. ^ The Story of Serampore and its College, Council of Serampore College, Serampore (Fourth Edition), 2005, p.92.
  63. ^ a b c d "Senate Presidents and Speakers at Convocations". Archived from the original on 30 April 2016. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  64. ^ St. Gregorios Malankara Orthodox Syrian Cathedral, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad. [33]
  65. ^ Convocation brochure of the University, 1979, Secunderabad
  66. ^ The Bulletin of the Henry Martyn Institute of Islamic Studies, Volume 12, 1993, p.2. [34]
  67. ^ Bangalore Theological Forum, Volumes 25-26, 1993, p.37
  68. ^ Asia Theological Association, Accredited Member List.[35]
  69. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Faculty with subjects taught.[36] Archived 21 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, Projects, Academic and Administrative Committees, Library Committee. [37] Archived 7 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  71. ^ a b Senate of Serampore College (University), United Theological College, Bangalore - Examination Registration 2013 in Master of Theology.[38] Archived 27 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  72. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on 17 July 2012, p.30. [39] Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  73. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Members of the Senate.Senate of Serampore College (University), Members of the Senate Archived 12 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  74. ^ University Newsletter, Volume XVI, Number 4, January–March 2015, p.23.[40]
  75. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Assets, UTC, Bangalore.[41]
  76. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Tamil Nadu Theological Seminary, Madurai, 2020, p.2.[42]
  77. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on July 15–16, 2010, p.260. [43] Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  78. ^ Church of South India Synod, Pastoral Concerns Department Lenten Meditations 2020.[44]
  79. ^ a b Directory of Teaching Staff, Senate of Serampore College (University). [45]
  80. ^ T. Swami Raju, Subaltern Movements: Insights for Inter-faith Dialogue, 2010. [46]
  81. ^ P. Alexander, Religion and Society - The Challenges of Contemporaniety, CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DA FACULDADES EST, 1., 2012, pp.1717-1732. [47]
  82. ^ Minutes of the Meeting of the Working Committee of the Academic Council held on July 17, 2012, p.30.[48] Archived 17 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  83. ^ K. James Cecil Victor (Edited), Sermon Outlines 2016, Based on the Third cycle (Year C) of the revised common lectionary of CSI, CNI and MTC.[49]
  84. ^ Church of South India Synod, Rayalaseema Diocese Ministerial roll.[50]
  85. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), Doctor of Theology. [51] Archived 14 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  86. ^ Church of South India Synod Administration, Diocese of Dornakal. [52] Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  87. ^ Church of South India Synod, Diocese of Dornakal Ministerial roll.[53]
  88. ^ Senate of Serampore College (University), List of faculty.[54] Archived 15 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  89. ^ Trinity Union Fellows
  90. ^ Church of South India Synod, Medak Diocese Ministerial roll.[55]
  91. ^ Paul, Luther N.V.L., Principal's Annual Report 2007-2008, for private circulation, pp. 10-24
  92. ^ a b Minutes of the twentieth biennial Convention of the United Lutheran Church in America, Board of Publication of the United Lutheran Church in America, 1956, p.991. [56]
  93. ^ Martin Luther Dolbeer, The Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church: A Brief History, Department of Religious Education of the Andhra Evangelical Lutheran Church, 1951, p.145. [57]
  94. ^ Margaret Eunice Hawkinson née Coleman, The Church is Planted - A Biographical Record of the Missionaries in India of the Lutheran Church in America 1842-1987, Florida, 1987.[58]
  95. ^ Tracy Gipson Memorial Library.
  96. ^ P. Joseph, A comparative study of pastoral care in the work of a parish pastor and a hospital chaplain, Brite Divinity School Thesis, 1975.[59]
  97. ^ Leonore Krenzlin, Klaus Weigelt (edited), Ernst Wiechert im Gespräch: Begegnungen und Einblicke in sein Werk, De Gruyter, Berlin, 2010, p. 300.[60]
  98. ^ G. Babu Rao, Bibliography of some of the writings of Victor Premasagar in H. S. Wilson (Edited), The Church on the Move: A Quest to affirm the Biblical Faith, Christian Literature Society, Madras, 1988, p.157.[61]

Further reading

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