Adverse analytical finding
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An adverse analytical finding (AAF), also known as a testing positive, occurs when a laboratory accredited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) "identifies the presence of a prohibited substance and/or its metabolites or markers in a sample".[1] A related concept is the atypical finding (ATF) when the result is inconclusive, a category introduced in 2008.[2] Not all AAFs result in anti-doping sanctions; the rate varies by sport.[3] In athletics, the rate of AAFs does not vary significantly by event and averages 0.95 percent of samples analyzed. However, sprinters were more likely to test positive for anabolic steroids while middle- and long-distance runners were more likely to test positive for peptides and growth factors.[4]
References
- ^ "Anti-Doping Alphabet Soup: Results Management | U.S. Anti-Doping Agency (USADA)". 11 March 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ Kioukia-Fougia, Nassia; Fragkaki, Argyro; Kiousi, Polyxeni; Leontiou, Irene-Pelagia; Dimopoulou, Helen; Tsivou, Maria; Lyris, Emmanouil; Georgakopoulos, Costas (1 January 2014). "A Synopsis of the Adverse Analytical and Atypical Findings Between 2005 and 2011 from the Doping Control Laboratory of Athens in Greece". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 38 (1): 16–23. doi:10.1093/jat/bkt089.
- ^ Aguilar-Navarro, Millán; Baltazar-Martins, Gabriel; Salinero, Juan José; Muñoz-Guerra, Jesús; Plata, María del Mar; Lara, Beatriz; Del Coso, Juan (January 2021). "Outcomes of adverse analytical findings in individual and team sports". Bioanalysis. 13 (1): 5–11. doi:10.4155/bio-2020-0263. hdl:10641/2249. ISSN 1757-6180.
- ^ Aguilar‐Navarro, Millán; Salinero, Juan J.; Muñoz‐Guerra, Jesús; Plata, María del Mar; Del Coso, Juan (August 2021). "Frequency and type of adverse analytical findings in athletics: Differences among disciplines". Drug Testing and Analysis. 13 (8): 1561–1568. doi:10.1002/dta.3058. hdl:10641/2576. ISSN 1942-7603.