Acharya Vidyasagar

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Sant Shiromani Acharya Shri Shri Shri 108
Vidya Sagar
Ji Maharaj
VIDHYASAGAR
Personal
Born
Vidyadhar

(1946-10-10)10 October 1946
Sadalga, Belgaum district, Karnataka state
Died18 February 2024(2024-02-18) (aged 77)
Chandragiri, Rajnandgaon district, Chhattisgarh, India
Resting placeChandragiri, Dongargarh, India
ReligionJainism
Parents
  • Mallappa (name after diksha-Mallinath ji) (father)
  • Shrimanti (name after diksha-Samaymati Ji) (mother)
SectDigambara
Notable work(s)Mukamati (silent soil)
Religious career
PredecessorMuni Gyansagar
SuccessorMuni Samaysagar
Disciples
Initiation30 June 1968
Ajmer
by Acharya Gyansagar
Websitevidyasagar.guru
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Acharya Shri Vidyasagarji Maharaj (10 October 1946 – 18 February 2024) was an Indian Digambara Jain Acharya (Digambar Jain Monk). He was recognized both for his scholarship and tapasya (austerity). He was known for his long hours in meditation. While he was born in Karnataka and took diksha (undertook spiritual discipline) in Rajasthan, he generally spent much of his time in the Bundelkhand region where he is credited with having brought about a revival in educational and religious activities.[1] He wrote the epic Hindi poem "Mukamati".

Life

Early life

Vidyasagar Ji was born on 10 October 1946 during the full moon festival (Sharad Purnima) in Sadalga, in the Belgaum district, of Karnataka in a Kannada-speaking Jain family. The modest house where he was born, is now a temple and a museum.[2]

His childhood name was Vidyadhar.[3] He was the second of four sons, the eldest son being Mahavira Ashtage Ji and the younger ones Anantanath Ji and Shantinath Ji.[4] As a child, he was fond of eating fresh butter which was used to make ghee (clarified butter).[5] He was not a demanding child and accepted what was given to him.[6] Vidyadhar used to visit temples and teach his younger siblings the principles of religion.[7] He called both younger sisters "Akka" (elder sister). He was attentive and was eager to undertake his studies. In his spare time he used to paint.[8]

Initiation

Vidyasagar was initiated as a Digambara monk in 1968 at the age of 22 by Acharya Gyansagarji Maharaj, who belonged to the lineage of Acharya Shantisagarji Maharaj, at Ajmer.[9] His father MallappaJi, his mother ShrimatiJi, and two sisters took diksha and joined the sangha (community of the pious) of Acharya DharmasagarJi.[10] All of his brothers, Anantanath Ji, Shantinath Ji and Mahavir Ashtage ji followed him and were initiated by Acharya Vidya Sagar Ji Maharaj as Muni Yog Sagar Ji Maharaj and Muni Samay Sagar Ji Maharaj, Muni Utkrasht Sagar Ji Maharaj respectively.[11] The youngest brother being his first disciple as well as having the right conduct for the Acharya title, he has being ordained with the Acharya title of Acharya Vidyasagar ji to guide the Sangha and the community after Acharya Vidyasagar ji's Samadhi on 16th April, 2024 in the presence of whole Sangha and community at Kundalpur Siddhi Kshetra, Damoh, Madhya Pradesh.

His younger brothers Muni Yog Sagar Ji Maharaj became his second disciple and both of the Yog Sagar Ji Maharaj and Samay Sagar Ji Maharaj took Bhramchrya Vrat and were first initiated as kshullak and then muni back in 15 April 1980 and 8 March 1980 respectively. While [citation needed] his eldest brother Mahavir Ashtage took diksha on 21 December 2022 at Antriksh Parasnath temple and became Muni Utkrasht Sagar ji Maharaj.

Ascetic life

Acharya Vidyasagar Ji Maharaj made very strict rules for his ascetic life. He never drank milk. He also did not consume curd, green vegetables and dry fruits. He also drank water only once a day by filling it with his finger. He used to eat very limited quantity of plain dal and roti. He travelled across the country on foot.[12]

Acharya

Vidyasagar was elevated to the Acharya status in 1972.[13] The Acharya did not eat salt, sugar, fruits, milk, oil, ghee, in addition to what is traditionally prohibited (like onions). He went out for a meal at about 9:30 a.m.–10:00 a.m. from Śrāvakas (lay votaries). He took food once a day in the palm of his hand, one morsel at a time.[14]

Vidyasagar slept on the floor or a wooden platform without any mattress or pillow. As a Digambar monk, for discourses he was provided a raised wooden seat withough any padding.[citation needed]

In 1999, then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee paid a visit to Acharya Shree during his visit to Gomatgiri Indore.[15]

Photograph showing the inscription on a Parshvanath idol
Inscription on a Parshvanath idol at Orchha mentioning the lineage of Acharya Vidyasagar from Acharya Shantisagar. He is termed anasakta yogi, jyeshtha, shreshtha, sant shiromani

Acharya Vidyasagarji's Chaturmas (four-month stay) in 2016 was in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh,[16] where he was accompanied by 38 munis.[17] He gave his Pravachana (reading) in the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly by special invitation from Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan on 28 July 2016.[18][19] In 2016, during a trip to Bhopal, Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited him.[20] He was also visited by former Union minister Jyotiraditya Scindia from the opposing Congress Party, now in BJP.[21]

Congress State President Kamal Nath paid a visit to Acharya Ji during his visit to Jabalpur.[22][23]

Union Minister Uma Bharati paid a visit to Acharya Ji at the completion of 50 years of initiation at the Samyama Swarna Mahotsav festival.[24] During the Guru Purnima Celebration in 2018, Digvijay Singh received the blessings of Acharya Vidyasagar Ji in Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh.[25] In 2018, American ambassador Kenneth Juster paid a visit to Acharya Vidyasagar Ji and assured him he would follow a full vegetarian diet for one day a week.[26] French diplomat Alexandre Ziegler visited Khajuraho with his family in 2018 and felt "peaceful and blessed" after meeting Acharya Vidyasagar Ji. He vowed to become a vegetarian.[27]

Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath declared the State Guest Honour to Vidyasagar Ji Maharaj. In this regard, the UP Government also issued a protocol.[28]

Union Home Minister Shri Rajnath Singh Ji took the blessings of Acharya Vidyasagar Ji in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh.[29]

Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla took the blessings of Acharya Vidyasagar Ji with an assurance of Hindi Promotion in the Legislature.[30]

RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat paid a visit to Acharya Ji during his visit he discussed various topics related to Promotion of Hindi Language and handloom were discussed.[31]

Madhya Pradesh CM Kamal Nath paid a visit to Acharya Ji and assured the promotion of Hindi Language, Ayurveda and handloom.[32]

Senior BJP leader Uma Bharti retired from politics with the blessing of the Acharya Vidyasagar Maharaj Ji”.[33][34]

On 4 November 2023, India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited him at Dongargarh to receive his blessings.[35]

Samadhi (Death)

The Acharya gave up acharyahood and took sallekhana for three days and then attained samadhi-marana on 18 February 2024, at the age of 77 at Chandragiri Teerth in Chhattisgarh's Dongargarh.[36] [37] He designated the Acharya title to Niryapak Muni Samaysagar Ji Maharaj on 6 February 2024. The title will be formally awarded in a specially called assembly of about four hundred munis and aryikas on April 16, 2024 at Kundalpur.[38]

Reactions

PM Modi with Acharya Vidyasagar ji, Nov 2023

Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed grief on the demise of Acharya Ji.

"He will be remembered by the coming generations for his invaluable contributions to society, especially his efforts towards spiritual awakening among people, his work towards poverty alleviation, healthcare, education and more.."[39]

PM Modi also wrote a detailed article on the Acharya's impact on the society.[40]

At the BJP's National Convention 2024 in Delhi, PM Modi, Union Ministers, Chief Ministers of BJP-ruled states and BJP leaders observed a one-minute silence on the demise of the Acharya and expressed their grief.[41]

The Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh Governments declared a half-day state mourning upon Acharya Vidyasagar Maharaj's death.[42] The Uttar Pradesh Governor and Chief Minister condoled his death.[43]

Works

Acharya VidyasagaraJi was a scholar of Sanskrit and Prakrit and knew several languages including Hindi, Kannada, Marathi and English.[44] He wrote in languages such as Prakrit, Sanskrit, and Hindi. His works include Niranjana Shataka, Bhavana Shataka, Parishah Jaya Shataka, Suniti Shataka and Shramana Shataka.[45]

He composed nearly 700 haiku poems which are unpublished.[46][47][48]

He wrote the Hindi epic poem "Muk mati".[13][49] This has been included in the syllabus of Hindi MA programmes at various institutions.[50] This has been translated into English by Lal Chandra Jain and was presented to Pratibha Patil, the President of India.[49][51][52] Several researchers have studied his works for masters and doctoral degrees.[49]

He opened schools named Pratibhasthali Gyanodaya Vidhyapeeth for girls, where they can be taught important life lessons along with studies.

His tradition

Acharya VidyasagarJi belongs to the tradition established by Acharya ShantisagarJi.[53] Acharya ShantisagarJi initiated Acharya VirasagarJi, who was then succeeded by Acharya Shivsagar, Acharya GyansagarJi[54] and finally Acharya VidyasagarJi.

Some of his disciples are well-known scholars in their own right. As of 2001, about 21% of all the Digambar monks were under Acharya VidyasagarJi.[55] Muni SudhasagarJI and Muni PramansagarJi are also his disciples.[56] One of his best known disciples, Muni Kshamasagar ji, obtained samadhi in 2015.[57]

Acharya PushadantasagarJi, the guru of Muni Tarun Sagar Ji was initiated as a kshullak (junior monk) by Acharya VidyasagarJi, although he took muni diksha from Acharya Vimal SagarJi . Upadhyaya GuptisagarJi took muni diksha in 1982 from Acharya VidyasagarJi although he later joined the sangha (community) of Acharya VidyanandJi.[58]

Acharya Vidyasagarji has been a source of inspiration to the people for founding institutions for their welfare at different locations.[13] Since the number of monks (munis) and nuns (āryikas) initiated and directed by him exceeds two hundred (117 Digambar Muni, 172 Aryikas), they stay in more than 60 locations in India during Chaturmas, ranging from Gujarat to Jharkhand, and Haryana to Karnataka.[59] This insures that only a few monks or nuns are staying in one place.

Acharya Shree Vidyasagarji Maharaj of Digambar Muni tradition is the only Acharya of the country who has given 505 Muni, Aryika, Ailak, Kshulak initiations so far. The name of Acharyashree Kunthu Sagar Maharaj comes second, he has given 325 initiations so far.[60]

On April 16, 2024, his successor Niryapaka Muni Samaya was requested by the assembled Jain nonks to take the seat of Acharya in a function at Kundalpur attended by several lakhs along with the chief minister Dr. Mohan Yadav and the RSS chief Mohan Bhagwat.[61]

His wanderings (Vihara)

Picture of Acharya Vidyasagar leading his sangha
Acharya Vidyasagar leading his sangha during his vihara, passers-by kneel in reverence

As a traditional Digambara Jain monk, Acharya Vidyasagarji never stayed in a single location for more than a few days, except for the four months of the rainy season (Chaturmas). He never declared where he would be next, although people tried to guess his next destination.[62][63] After his initiation in 1968 he had: seven Chaturmas in Rajasthan (1968–74); one in Uttar Pradesh (1974); seven in Madhya Pradesh (1976–1982); one in Jharkhand (1983); nine in Madhya Pradesh again (1984–1992); two in Maharashtra (1993–94); one in Madhya Pradesh (1995); one in Gujarat (1996); 11 again in Madhya Pradesh (1997–2007); one again in Maharashtra (2008); and eight again in Madhya Pradesh (2009–2016).[64]

The fiftieth anniversary of his diksha was celebrated in many cities in India with parades and festivities in July 2018.[65] On this occasion, commemorative columns (Swarna Kirti Stambha) were erected in Ajmer,[66][67] Rewa,[68] Sravanbelgola and other locations.[69]

Biography

His disciple Muni Kshamasagar wrote his biography Ātmānveśhī (hi:आत्मान्वेषी) which was translated into English as In Quest of the Self and was published by Bhartiya Jnanpith.[70]

In popular culture

A documentary titled Vidyoday was released on 25 November 2018 by Landmark Films.[71] A trailer was also released. The film is directed by Vidhi Kasliwal.[72] Vidyoday had its first international screening at the Harrow Safari Cinema in London.[73]

See also

References

Notes

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  3. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 23, 35.
  4. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 34-35.
  5. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 37.
  6. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 40.
  7. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 41-42.
  8. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 42.
  9. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 28.
  10. ^ Gita Jain 1978, pp. 8–14.
  11. ^ Kshamasagar 2007, p. 73.
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Sources

Live streaming of cremation ceremony

Further reading

  • Mācave, Prabhākara; Rāmamūrti, Tripāṭhī, Mūkamāṭī-Mīmāṃsā (in Hindi), vol. 1, 2 & 3, Bhartiya Jnanpith

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vidyasagar (Jain monk).
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